The sublethal effects of ethiprole on the development, defense mechanisms, and immune pathways of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyue Liu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Suzhen Qi ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Yingchen Bai
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Immune Pathways

scholarly journals Review on Sublethal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera), Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Di Noi ◽  
Silvia Casini ◽  
Tommaso Campani ◽  
Giampiero Cai ◽  
Ilaria Caliani
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Honey bees and the pollination services they provide are fundamental for agriculture and biodiversity. Agrochemical products and other classes of contaminants, such as trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to the general decline of bees’ populations. For this reason, effects, and particularly sublethal effects of contaminants need to be investigated. We conducted a review of the existing literature regarding the type of effects evaluated in Apis mellifera, collecting information about regions, methodological approaches, the type of contaminants, and honey bees’ life stages. Europe and North America are the regions in which A. mellifera biological responses were mostly studied and the most investigated compounds are insecticides. A. mellifera was studied more in the laboratory than in field conditions. Through the observation of the different responses examined, we found that there were several knowledge gaps that should be addressed, particularly within enzymatic and molecular responses, such as those regarding the immune system and genotoxicity. The importance of developing an integrated approach that combines responses at different levels, from molecular to organism and population, needs to be highlighted in order to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic contamination on this pollinator species.

scholarly journals Effects of a commercially formulated glyphosate solutions at recommended concentrations on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Hua Luo ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yu-Zhen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Sucrose Responsiveness

AbstractGlyphosate, the active ingredient of the most widely used commercial herbicide formulation, is extensively used and produced in China. Previous studies have reported sublethal effects of glyphosate on honeybees. However, the effects of commercially formulated glyphosate (CFG) at the recommended concentration (RC) on the chronic toxicity of honeybees, especially on their behaviours, remain unknown. In this study, a series of behavioural experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CFG on honeybees. The results showed that there was a significant decline in water responsiveness at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC after 3 h of exposure to CFG for 11 days. The CFG significantly reduced sucrose responsiveness at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. In addition, CFG significantly affected olfactory learning ability at 1/2 × , 1 × , and 2 × the RC and negatively affected memory ability at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. The climbing ability of honeybees also significantly decreased at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC. Our findings indicated that, after they were chronically exposed to CFG at the RC, honeybees exhibited behavioural changes. These results provide a theoretical basis for regulating field applications of CFG, which is necessary for establishing an early warning and notification system and for protecting honeybees.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Antiviral Pathways of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
Insect Innate Immunity

The lepidopteran model silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important economic insect. Viruses cause serious economic losses in sericulture; thus, the economic importance of these viruses heightens the need to understand the antiviral pathways of silkworm to develop antiviral strategies. Insect innate immunity pathways play a critical role in the outcome of infection. The RNA interference (RNAi), NF-kB-mediated, immune deficiency (Imd), and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathways, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway are the major antiviral defense mechanisms, and these have been shown to play important roles in the antiviral immunity of silkworms. In contrast, viruses can modulate the prophenol oxidase (PPO), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways of the host to elevate their proliferation in silkworms. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the main immune pathways in response to viruses and the signaling pathways modulated by viruses in silkworms. Elucidation of these pathways involved in the antiviral mechanism of silkworms furnishes a theoretical basis for the enhancement of virus resistance in economic insects, such as upregulating antiviral immune pathways through transgenic overexpression, RNAi of virus genes, and targeting these virus-modulated pathways by gene editing or inhibitors.

scholarly journals Chronic High-Dose Neonicotinoid Exposure Decreases Overwinter Survival of Apis mellifera L.

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Wood ◽  
Ivanna V. Kozii ◽  
Igor Medici de Mattos ◽  
Roney de Carvalho Macedo Silva ◽  
Colby D. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Pathogen Load ◽  
Temperature Homeostasis ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Overwinter Mortality

Overwinter colony mortality is an ongoing challenge for North American beekeepers. During winter, honey bee colonies rely on stored honey and beebread, which is frequently contaminated with the neonicotinoid insecticides clothianidin and thiamethoxam. To determine whether neonicotinoid exposure affects overwinter survival of Apis mellifera L., we chronically exposed overwintering field colonies and winter workers in the laboratory to thiamethoxam or clothianidin at different concentrations and monitored survival and feed consumption. We also investigated the sublethal effects of chronic thiamethoxam exposure on colony pathogen load, queen quality, and colony temperature regulation. Under field conditions, high doses of thiamethoxam significantly increased overwinter mortality compared to controls, with field-realistic doses of thiamethoxam showing no significant effect on colony overwinter survival. Under laboratory conditions, chronic neonicotinoid exposure significantly decreased survival of winter workers relative to negative control at all doses tested. Chronic high-dose thiamethoxam exposure was not shown to impact pathogen load or queen quality, and field-realistic concentrations of thiamethoxam did not affect colony temperature homeostasis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chronic environmental neonicotinoid exposure significantly decreases survival of winter workers in the laboratory, but only chronic high-dose thiamethoxam significantly decreases overwinter survival of colonies in the field.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on targeting muscle and ribosomal protein related genes in the honey bee Apis mellifera L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yan Wu ◽  
Qi-Hua Luo ◽  
Chun-Sheng Hou ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Ping-Li Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sublethal Effects

scholarly journals Field-Level Sublethal Effects of Approved Bee Hive Chemicals on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e76536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Berry ◽  
W. Michael Hood ◽  
Stéphane Pietravalle ◽  
Keith S. Delaplane
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Field Level

scholarly journals Horizontal Honey-Bee Larvae Rearing Plates Can Increase the Deformation Rate of Newly Emerged Adult Honey Bees

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Juyeong Kim ◽  
Kyongmi Chon ◽  
Bo-Seon Kim ◽  
Jin-A Oh ◽  
Chang-Young Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Deformation Rate ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae ◽  
Ideal Method

Rearing honey bee larvae in vitro is an ideal method to study honey bee larval diseases or the toxicity of pesticides on honey bee larvae under standardized conditions. However, recent studies reported that a horizontal position may cause the deformation of emerged bees. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the emergence and deformation rates of honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) larvae reared in horizontal and vertical positions. The study was conducted under the same laboratory conditions with three experimental groups, non-capped or capped horizontal plates and capped vertical plates. However, our results demonstrated that the exhibited adult deformation rates of the horizontal plates were significantly higher (27.8% and 26.1%) than those of the vertical plates (11.9%). In particular, the most common symptoms were deformed wings and an abnormal abdomen in the horizontal plates. Additionally, adults reared on horizontal plates were substantially smaller (10.88 and 10.82 mm) than those on vertical plates (11.55 mm). Considering these conclusions, we suggest that a vertical rearing method is more suitable when considering the deformation rates of the control groups to verify the sublethal effects of pesticides on honey bees.

scholarly journals Using video-tracking to assess sublethal effects of pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany S. Teeters ◽  
Reed M. Johnson ◽  
Marion D. Ellis ◽  
Blair D. Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Video Tracking

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on the transcriptome of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng-Fei Shi ◽  
Yu-Fei Wang ◽  
Lei Qi ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Lin-Sheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide

AbstractNeonicotinoid insecticides are now the most widely used insecticides in the world. Previous studies have indicated that sublethal doses of neonicotinoids impair learning, memory capacity, foraging and immunocompetence in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Despite this, few studies have been carried out on the molecular effects of neonicotinoids. In this study, we focus on the second-generation neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, which is currently widely used in agriculture to protect crops. Using high-throughput RNA-Seq, we investigated the transcriptome profile of honeybees after subchronic exposure to thiamethoxam (10 ppb) over 10 days. In total, 609 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 225 were up-regulated and 384 were down-regulated. The functions of some DEGs were identified, and GO enrichment analysis showed that the enriched DEGs were mainly linked to metabolism, biosynthesis and translation. KEGG pathway analysis showed that thiamethoxam affected biological processes including ribosomes, the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, tyrosine metabolism pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions and drug metabolism. Overall, our results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the complex interactions between neonicotinoid insecticides and honeybees.Summary statementNR1, Cyp6as5, nAChRa9 and nAChRβ2 were up-regulated in honeybees exposed to thiamethoxam, while CSP3, Obp21, defensin-1, Mrjp1, Mrjp3 and Mrjp4 were down-regulated.

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