Future Trends and Mitigation Options for Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Developing Country of the Middle East Region: a Case Study of Lebanon’s Road Transport Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Georges Haddad ◽  
Charbel Joseph Mansour ◽  
Charbel Afif
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

scholarly journals Issues Concerning Declared Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of FAME Biofuels

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Ližbetin ◽  
Martina Hlatká ◽  
Ladislav Bartuška
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Road Freight

The paper deals with the issue of greenhouse gas emissions that are produced by the road freight transport sector. These emissions affect the structure of the ozone layer and contribute to the greenhouse effect that causes global warming-issues that are closely associated with changing weather patterns and extreme weather events. Attention is drawn to the contradictions linked to FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) biofuels, namely the fact that although their use generates almost zero greenhouse gas emissions, their production requires high levels of energy consumption. The first part of the paper deals with the theoretical basis of the negative impacts of transport on the environment and the subsequent measurement of the extent of the harmful emissions generated by the road freight transport sector. In the methodical part of the paper, the calculation procedures and declared energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions generated by transport services are analyzed according to the EN 16258 standard. The experimental part of the paper focuses on the application of the methodology to a specific shipment on a specified transport route, where the total energy consumption and production of greenhouse gas emissions is determined. These calculations are based on comprehensive studies carried out for a particular transport company that assigned the authors the task of determining to what extent the declared energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions change when the type of fuel used is changed.

scholarly journals Refrigerated Transport: State of the Art, Technical Issues, Innovations and Challenges for Sustainability

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7237
Author(s):  
Angelo Maiorino ◽  
Fabio Petruzziello ◽  
Ciro Aprea
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Refrigerated Transport

The cold chain is responsible for perishable products preservation and transportation, maintaining a proper temperature to slow biological decay processes. Often the efficiency of the cold chain is less than ideal, significantly increasing food waste and energy consumption. Refrigerated transport is a critical phase of the cold chain because of its negative impact on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that around 15% of global fossil fuel energy is used in the refrigerated transport sector, so there has been a growing interest in the last decades in the optimization of these systems in order to reduce their environmental impact. Vapor compression refrigeration units, usually powered by means of a diesel engine, are the most commonly used systems in road refrigerated transport. This paper provides a review of (a) currently used systems and alternative technologies that could reduce the environmental impacts of road refrigerated transport and (b) optimization models and methods used to minimize fuel/energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, focusing both on reducing the thermal loads and solving the refrigerated vehicle routing problem.

scholarly journals Forecast of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by road transport in Russia up to 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 698-707
Author(s):  
Yury Trofimenko ◽  
Vladimir Komkov ◽  
Konstantin Trofimenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Gas Emissions

Emissions of air pollutants from road transport in Lebanon and other countries in the Middle East region

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Waked ◽  
Charbel Afif
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Introducing LNG as Alternative Fuel for Urban Buses – Case Study in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-847
Author(s):  
Martin Jurkovič ◽  
Tomáš Kalina ◽  
Tomáš Skrúcaný ◽  
Piotr Gorzelanczyk ◽  
Vladimír Ľupták
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Bus Transport

The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared  by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.

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