People’s perceptions on the use of human excreta for biogas generation in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Osei-Marfo ◽  
N. K. de Vries ◽  
E. Awuah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
People’S Perceptions

AbstractThis paper explored people’s perceptions on the use of human excreta for biogas generation in Ghana using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). It sought to assess the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on people’s behavioural intention to use human excreta (HEx) for biogas. Data collection was by questionnaire designed with the TPB constructs and other demographic information, and the analysis was done by structural equation modelling (SEM). The analysis produced two structural models: the standard TPB model and the adjusted model. Based on SEM, this study revealed that the adjusted model provides a useful and effective framework for analysing the interrelationships between socio-demographic variables and the standard TPB constructs than the standard TPB. Therefore, the results show that the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are all significant and positive. Though all the constructs were significant and positive, participants showed low perceived behavioural control or they perceive low ability of using HEx for biogas. Results revealed an adequate fit for people’s behavioural intentions to use HEx for biogas. The adjusted model, generated by the inclusion of gender and education into the TPB model, provided a useful and effective framework for the interrelationships between socio-demographic variables and the TPB constructs than the standard TPB. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control significantly influenced intentions to use HEx for biogas. Though perceived behavioural control showed low controllability, subjective norm was a major factor with religion being key on intentions to use HEx for biogas generation. Gender and education had no direct significant influence on intentions, but their effects were mediated through the TPB factors. It was further revealed that knowledge on the benefits of biogas as well as the perceived effect of using human excreta was strong and positive. Interventions aimed at promoting the use of HEx for biogas should address low controllability and that should include government subsidy and financial support as well as education to address stigma and HEx knowledge. The intervention should also bring on board important persons such as religious leaders and persons from relevant institutions to lead more open discussions on HEx use for biogas.

A missing link: the behavioral mediators between resources and entrepreneurial intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Aragon-Sanchez ◽  
Samuel Baixauli-Soler ◽  
Antonio Jose Carrasco-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control

Purpose Based on the theory of planned behaviour and the resource-based perspective, the purpose of this paper is to provide a well-supported explanation of how access to resources, defined as those controlled by the family context and not necessarily controlled by the student, changes attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control and, consequently, the entrepreneurial intentions of secondary students. Design/methodology/approach In contrast to traditional research methodologies, this study used a different approach based on primary survey data collected from secondary students to study future entrepreneurial intentions. Structural equation models were used in the empirical analysis. Findings Secondary students with more access to resources – financial and human capital – have stronger entrepreneurial intentions because they have more favourable attitudes and subjective norms, and greater perceived behavioural control. This study finds that cultural capital has no significant impact on entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications Key policy actions should increase access to resources for young people. Originality/value This study shows that the effect of access to resources on entrepreneurial intention is mediated by attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioural control. The results suggest that the relationship between access to resources and entrepreneurial intentions is more complex and nuanced than previously thought.

scholarly journals Investigating Impact of Parental Motivations and Involvement within a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Michael Asamani POBBI
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
School Based ◽  
Home Based

This research investigated the effects of attitude and beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on parents’ home-based and school-based involvement in child education. The paper reports quantitative findings from a cross-sectional survey based on a concurrent mixed design. Primary data was collected from five hundred and sixty (560) parents who were selected randomly from deprived and non-deprived districts across six regions of Ghana. The Cronbach α of reliability for attitude and belief, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, home-based and school-based involvement exceeded the minimum threshold. Results from structural equation modelling analysis based on a bootstrapping technique reveal that the model of the study was confirmed, as the data showed equivalence to model assessment measures including CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.975, GFI = 0.942, AGFI = 0.922, RMSEA = 0.049, χ2/df = 2.292. The finding of the study indicated that attitude and beliefs, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control of parents significantly impact home-based involvement, whiles perceived behavioural control and subjective norms of parents had significantly impact on school-based involvement.

Views of Indonesian consumer towards medical tourism experience in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriman Samuel Saragih ◽  
Peter Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control

Purpose Indonesians are known for their unique behaviour and willingness to travel abroad for healthcare treatments. More than half of the healthcare “tourists” who travel to Malaysia come from Indonesia, followed in numbers by those in India, Japan, and China, Libya, the UK, Australia, USA, Bangladesh and the Philippines. Malaysia is also geographically located near two Indonesian main islands, i.e. North Sumatera and North Kalimantan. These reasons contribute to making Indonesia one of the most productive healthcare consumers in Malaysia. This study aims to examine these Indonesian consumers’ through the use of behavioural lenses to examine their medical tourism experiences in Malaysia, its neighbouring country. Design/methodology/approach The theory of planned behaviour is used as the basis of these analyses and hypotheses development. In total, 7 variables and 18 indicators that built both the exogenous and endogenous variables were developed from previous literature. Through a purposive sampling technique, the authors collected 200 samples of individuals where each respondent must at least have been to Malaysia once for medical treatments related to a general check-up, cardiovascular, cancer, orthopaedics, nervous systems or dental problems. A partial least squares – structural equation modelling analysis was carried out to examine both the measurement model and the structural model. Findings Behavioural belief positively affects the attitude of Indonesian patients and their intentions to visit Malaysia for medical treatment, i.e. attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Results show that as individuals, Indonesians have a strong belief that undergoing medical treatment in Malaysia will be more favourable than having that same medical treatment in Indonesia. The study also shows that people who are considered important to patients, e.g. family members or relatives, significantly influence their intention to visit Malaysian medical institutions. The authors also found that patients’ resources and capabilities – e.g. financial strength, supporting infrastructures and time availability – are essential factors for Indonesian patients to choose medical tourism and to visit Malaysia as their venue for medical services. Research limitations/implications The results of this study are consistent with the previous research, which has shown that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control positively affect visit intention. The results also suggest new interesting theoretical findings that Indonesia’s medical tourist intention to visit Malaysia is most strongly caused by subjective norms followed by individual attitudes and perceived behavioural control, all reasons that are identical to Japanese medical tourists’ visiting South Korea for similar purposes. Indeed, there are similar behavioural practices and beliefs among both Indonesian and Japanese medical tourists, despite the gap existing in these two countries’ economies. Practical implications The study proposes two managerial implications using its findings. First, this study can be a basis for the Malaysian medical tourism business to better understand Indonesian medical tourists’ behaviour when visiting their country. The study explicitly suggests that it is both collective and individual beliefs that drive Indonesian patients, who have the sufficient resources, to visit Malaysia because of better quality and affordability available there compared to Indonesian medical services. Second, this study raises a fundamental question about Indonesian stakeholders in the medical industry. In the near future, this type of medical tourism behaviour will, without a doubt, affect the Indonesian economy at large. Originality/value The contributions of this study are twofold. First, compared to previous studies that focussed specifically on the developed countries, this study focusses on Indonesian consumers’ point of view as an emerging country towards Malaysia’s medical tourism business. Second, this study provides quantifiable insights on the Indonesia-Malaysia medical tourism phenomenon, which previously has been frequently discussed, but only using a qualitative exploratory approach.

scholarly journals Assessment of the intention to consume farmed fish using the theory of planned behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dina Lončarić ◽  
Elena Dujmić ◽  
Greta Krešić
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Consumer Intentions ◽  
Consumption Intentions

One-quarter of fish consumed in Europe comes from aquaculture and research has shown that consumers have a greater preference for wild fish in comparison with farmed ones. As with other food choices, consumer decisions regarding farmed fish are a complex process involving multiple factors. The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a questionnaire that will measure consumer intentions in the consumption of farmed fish using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a theoretical framework. Based on the TPB model, the study also investigates the relationships between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention to consume farmed fish. Data collection was performed through an online survey and a total of 118 valid questionnaires were analysed. Based on tests performed, results indicate that the tested scale for measuring TPB constructs is valid and reliable. Alpha coefficients for intention, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control were 0.898, 0.857, 0.748 and 0.953, respectively. Variables in the model explain 40% of the variation in farmed fish consumption intentions. Regression analysis confirmed that attitudes and subjective norms significantly influence intention to consume farmed fish, with the subjective norms being the strongest predictor, while perceived behavioural control does not have a significant impact on behavioural intention.

scholarly journals Adopting The Planned Behavioural Theory in Predicting Whistleblowing Intentions Among Indonesian Public Official

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
Maheran Zakaria ◽  
◽  
Normah Omar ◽  
Ida Rosnida ◽  
Hasnun Anip Bustaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Behavioural Theory

Whistleblowing has been accepted worldwide as one of effective internal controls to prevent corruption. Nurturing whistleblowing in the workplace is expected to accelerate integrity specifically among public officials. Intrigued by its attributes and emulating Planned Behavioural Theory, the objective of this study was to examine attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control as predictors of whistleblowing intentions. Whistleblowing intentions were assessed in two contexts namely internal and external whistleblowing intentions. A total of 300 questionnaires were randomly e-mailed to public officials of a public institution in the Cirebon province, West Java, Indonesia. From this, 152 officials responded which accounted for a 50.7 percent rate of response. Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3 of Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. Results indicated that attitude and subjective norms were significant predictors of both internal and external whistleblowing intentions. However, none of the whistleblowing intentions were related to perceived behavioural control. The discoveries contribute beneficial insights for policy makers, government, academic fraternities and the like in the area in which positive attitude and support from referent groups will trigger them into openness and transparency; and thus, more likely to influence their whistleblowing intentions. Hence, implementing whistleblowing practices in public institutions will enhance the public’s perceptions on the integrity of the Indonesian public sector and promote the country towards a corrupt free nation. Keywords: attitude, external, intention, internal, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, whistleblowing

scholarly journals Decoding behavioural responses of green hotel guests

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2509-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein G.T. Olya ◽  
Pourya Bagheri ◽  
Mustafa Tümer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Green Hotel ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Green Hotels

Purpose This study aims to present a unique perspective on the application of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in the context of the green lodging industry via configurational modelling of three TPB dimensions in formulating hotel visitors’ behavioural responses. Attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are the three indicators of TPB used to predict guests’ continued intention to use and recommend green hotels on Cyprus, a Mediterranean island with a fragile ecological system. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire-based survey is used to evaluate the study’s objectives. A total of 320 guests of green hotels were approached between June and July 2017 and invited to participate. Among them, 260 valid cases were obtained and used for data analysis. The structural model was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM), the configurational model was assessed using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and the necessary predictor was evaluated using the necessary condition analysis (NCA). Findings The SEM results revealed that attitudes regarding behaviour increased the continued intention to visit and recommend green hotels. Similarly, subjective norms enhanced the guests’ desired behavioural responses. Perceived behavioural control boosted their continued intention to visit, but this was insufficient for predicting green hotel guests’ intention to recommend. The fsQCA results indicated that two causal models explained the conditions of both high and low levels of behavioural responses. The NCA results showed that attitude towards behaviour was the only necessary condition of the two expected behavioural responses. Originality/value Several previous studies have tried to modify, decompose or merge the TPB to provide theoretical support for proposed conceptual models indicating visitors’ behaviours. Beyond such attempts, pragmatic analytical approaches (e.g. set-theoretic method) should be applied to present a comprehensive perspective on the association of TPB indicators in decoding the complexity of customers’ behaviours. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first in hospitality research to use three TPB indicators and three analytical approaches to extend the knowledge of guests’ behaviours related to green hotels.

Green purchasing behaviour of international tourists in Malaysia using green marketing tools: theory of planned behaviour perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Ataul Karim Patwary ◽  
Muharis Mohamed ◽  
Md Karim Rabiul ◽  
Waqas Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Umair Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of green marketing tools on tourists’ behavioural intention to buy green products by measuring individuals’ subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Design/methodology/approach A total of 421 international tourists from several tourist attractions in Malaysia, selected through convenience sampling, participated in a survey. Findings The analysis results using partial least squares structural equation modelling suggest that behavioural intention of international tourists is firmly influenced by attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and green marketing tools. However, the subjective norm does not work as a mediator. Practical implications The relationships established in this study provide insight into hoteliers’ knowledge for further implementation of green marketing strategies (eco-label, eco-brand, environmental advertising), which can enhance green attitudes and behavioural intention of purchasing green products in the hospitality industry. Originality/value This study expands the theory of planned behaviour by including green marketing tools to measure international tourists’ green buying tendency in Malaysia.

Engagement in Campus Environmental Activities and Green Initiatives in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Norazah Mohd Suki
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Environmental Activities

This study examines the structural relationship between attitudes towards environmental activities, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, and students' intention to engage in environmental activities and green initiatives on campus and the moderating effects of actual engagement with environmental activities such as using recycle bins in the campus. Results of the covariance structural equation modelling based (CB-SEM) approach divulged that perceived behavioural control positively affects students' intention to engage in environmental activities and green initiatives on campus was significantly proven. Next, results also found significant differences between light and heavy categories of actual engagement with environmental activities such as using recycle bins which successfully moderated these links. The research makes a significant contribution to a solid understanding of the students' intention to engage in environmental and green initiatives on campus, which is marginally touched on in the literature in the Asia context. Direction for future research is also provided.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effective Factors on Family Physicians’ prescriptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghanbarzadegan ◽  
Z Kavosi ◽  
S Karimi ◽  
M Peyravi ◽  
A Ghorbanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The physicians are responsible for prescribing medicine rationally. Physician's awareness of prescribing guidelines can lead to the selection of the most effective, appropriate and effective measures to the improved prescription. This study aim is to determine the factors influencing drug prescribing behaviour in family physicians. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 on a case study including 150 family physicians from Shiraz City who were selected by systematic random sampling method. A questionnaire related to the behaviour of prescribing physicians was used based on the theory of planned behaviour to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts' opinion and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) by SPSS and Smart PLS software. Results It was specified that 39.3% of Shiraz family physicians have prescribed medicines for their most patients (61-70%) during the last month. Furthermore, 60% of physicians have prescribed for about 20% of their patients without any examination. In addition, 63% of doctors have repeated prescription for about 20% of patients with chronic disease. Based on the obtained results of the Research Structural Equation Model, none of the four considered variables explains changes in physicians' behaviour regarding prescribing. Although, “mental and perceived behavioural control” explain 30.2% of the changes in the intention of prescribing medication of family physicians in Shiraz. Conclusions The family physicians' behaviour in prescribing medicine shows the impact of factors such as the patient's request, as well as the role of the patients and colleagues pressure for prescribing medicine as a quality criterion for their practice. norms of mental and perceived behavioural control are effective in explaining the purpose of prescribing. Key messages Policymakers should implement policies to develop physicians’ behavior and logical prescription by education, financial incentives; consequently. Mental and perceived behavioral control are effective in explaining the purpose of prescribing.

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