Meiotic behavior in interspecific hybrids between Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha (Poaceae)

Euphytica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudicéia Risso-Pascotto ◽  
Maria Suely Pagliarini ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

scholarly journals Oligo-painting and GISH reveal meiotic chromosome biases and increased meiotic stability in synthetic allotetraploid Cucumis ×hytivus with dysploid parental karyotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzheng Zhao ◽  
Yunzhu Wang ◽  
Yunfei Bi ◽  
Yufei Zhai ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Inbred Family

Abstract Background Meiosis of newly formed allopolyploids frequently encounter perturbations induced by the merging of divergent and hybridizable genomes. However, to date, the meiotic properties of allopolyploids with dysploid parental karyotypes have not been studied in detail. The allotetraploid Cucumis ×hytivus (HHCC, 2n = 38) was obtained from interspecific hybridization between C. sativus (CC, 2n = 14) and C. hystrix (HH, 2n = 24) followed by chromosome doubling. The results of this study thus offer an excellent opportunity to explore the meiotic properties of allopolyploids with dysploid parental karyotypes. Results In this report, we describe the meiotic properties of five chromosomes (C5, C7, H1, H9 and H10) and two genomes in interspecific hybrids and C. ×hytivus (the 4th and 14th inbred family) through oligo-painting and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We show that 1) only two translocations carrying C5-oligo signals were detected on the chromosomes C2 and C4 of one 14th individual by the karyotyping of eight 4th and 36 14th plants based on C5- and C7-oligo painting, and possible cytological evidence was observed in meiosis of the 4th generation; 2) individual chromosome have biases for homoeologous pairing and univalent formation in F1 hybrids and allotetraploids; 3) extensive H-chromosome autosyndetic pairings (e.g., H-H, 25.5% PMCs) were observed in interspecific F1 hybrid, whereas no C-chromosome autosyndetic pairings were observed (e.g. C-C); 4) the meiotic properties of two subgenomes have significant biases in allotetraploids: H-subgenome exhibits higher univalent and chromosome lagging frequencies than C-subgenome; and 5) increased meiotic stability in the S14 generation compared with the S4 generation, including synchronous meiosis behavior, reduced incidents of univalent and chromosome lagging. Conclusions These results suggest that the meiotic behavior of two subgenomes has dramatic biases in response to interspecific hybridization and allopolyploidization, and the meiotic behavior harmony of subgenomes is a key subject of meiosis evolution in C. ×hytivus. This study helps to elucidate the meiotic properties and evolution of nascent allopolyploids with the dysploid parental karyotypes.

scholarly journals Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
José Alexandre Agiova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

scholarly journals Qualidade física de um Latossolo Amarelo sob gramíneas e mata nativa no Brejo da Paraíba

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e564997522
Author(s):  
José Otávio de Moraes Borba ◽  
Flávio Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Luan Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Adriana Ferreira Martins ◽  
Danillo Dutra Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos de um Latossolo sob gramíneas em experimento de longa duração no Brejo Paraibano. O experimento foi instalado em área experimental do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, na cidade de Areia-PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos mais um adicional, e com quatro repetições: T1-Brachiaria decumbens (BD), T2-Brachiaria brizantha (BB), T3-Brachiaria humidicola (BH), T4-Brachiaria brizantha MG5 cv Vitória (BBMG5), T5-Brachiaria ruziziensis (BR) e Mata nativa (MT), como referência de condição natural do solo. Foram coletadas no centro de cada parcela amostras de solo indeformadas das camadas de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm para a determinação dos seguintes atributos: porosidade total (PT), Microporosidade (Mi), macroporosidade (Ma), capacidade de aeração do solo (CAS), densidade do solo (Ds), grau de compactação (GC), capacidade de campo (θCC), ponto de murcha permanente (θPMP), água disponível (θAD), além da resistência do solo à penetração em campo (RP).Conclui-se que após catorze anos da implantação houve diferença significativa na camada superficial entre os tratamentos para os atributos de porosidade total, microporosidade, capacidade de campo, água disponível e capacidade de aeração do solo. O tratamento Mata nativa apresentou os maiores valores de porosidade total e microporosidade na camada de 0-10 cm. Entre as gramíneas observou-se pequena variação nos atributos físicos do solo. Com relação a água disponível, observou-se valores significativos no tratamento Brachiaria brizantha na camada de 0-10 cm.

scholarly journals Meiotic analysis in induced tetraploids of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Simioni ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Duplication

The meiotic behavior of three tetraploid plants (2n=4x=36) originated from somatic chromosome duplication of sexually reproducing diploid plants of Brachiaria decumbens was evaluated. All the analyzed plants presented abnormalities related to polyploidy, such as irregular chromosome segregation, leading to precocious chromosome migration to the poles and micronuclei during both meiotic divisions. However, the abnormalities observed did not compromise the meiotic products which were characterized by regular tetrads and satisfactory pollen fertility varying from 61.36 to 64.86%. Chromosomes paired mostly as bivalents in diakinesis but univalents to tetravalents were also observed. These studies contributed to the choice of compatible fertile sexual genitors to be crossed to natural tetraploid apomicts in the B. decumbens by identifying abnormalities and verifying pollen fertility. Intraespecific crosses should reduce sterility in the hybrids produced in the breeding program of Brachiaria, a problem observed with the interspecific hybrids produced so far.

scholarly journals Meiotic behavior of interspecific hybrids between artificially tetraploidized sexual Brachiaria ruziziensis and tetraploid apomictic B. brizantha (Poaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ferrari Felismino ◽  
Maria Suely Pagliarini ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Sexual Hybrid

The meiotic behavior of four interspecific promising hybrids was evaluated by conventional cytological methods. The female genitors were two artificially tetraploidized sexual accessions of B. ruziziensis (R41 and R44, 2n = 4χ = 36), which were crossed to an agronomically superior natural tetraploid apomictic genotype of B. brizantha (B140 - BRA003395). Three of them (HBGC313, HBGC 315, and HBGC324) were sexual and one (HBGC325) apomictic. Analyses of some cells in diakinesis revealed multivalent chromosome configurations, suggesting that genetic recombination and introgression of some genes could be present. The four hybrids had different types of meiotic abnormalities at various frequencies. Abnormalities related to irregular chromosome segregation due to polyploidy were common among these hybrids, and characterized by precocious chromosome migration to the poles, laggard chromosomes, both generating micronuclei in telophases and tetrads and, as a consequence, unbalanced gametes. One abnormality genotype-specific, related to spindle orientation (a putative divergent spindle mutation), was recorded for the first time in two of the hybrids, HBGC313 and HBGC325. The sexual hybrid HBGC324 had the lower rate of abnormalities, and it could be used as a female genitor in future crosses in the breeding program. The abnormalities present in these hybrids may impact fertility and affect seed production. Based on the results, HBGC324 is the single hybrid recommended to the breeding program. Hybrids must produce a good amount of viable seeds, besides good overall dry matter production and nutritive value, in order to be widely utilized and adopted in production systems. Due to pseudogamy, the desirable superior apomictic hybrids need viable pollen grains to fertilize the secondary nucleus of the embryo sac and thus ensure normal and vigorous endosperm development and plenty of seed set.

scholarly journals Density and sowing season of two Brachiaria species on the soybean culture

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Saraiva ◽  
E.A.L. Erasmo ◽  
J.F. Mata ◽  
B.F. Dornelas ◽  
D.F. Dornelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Sowing Season

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of soybean cultivar M-8766 in consortium with Brachiaria brizantha. BRS Piata and Brachiaria ruziziensis at different densities and sowing dates. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a factorial 2 x 2 x 3 with four replications. Used as factors grass species (Brachiaria brizantha Piata and Brachiaria ruziziensis BRS) intercropped with soybean M-8766, sowing dates (12 and 24 days after soybean emergence) and three seeding rates (0, 5, 10 kg ha-1 of seed). At 71 days after soybean emergence were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of leaves, stems and shoots, and 4 months after sowing determined the weight of 100 grains and soybean yield. The results showed that when seeded at a density of 10 kg ha-1 at 12 and 24 DAE soy, Brachiaria brizantha. BRS Piata caused reduction in yield in the order of 6.71% and 3.03% respectively, while the Brachiaria ruziziensis was one that caused a greater reduction in productivity in the order of 13.42 and 16.23%, respectively, of these values expression when considering the price of soybean sack. B. ruziziensis expressed less competitive with soybean. However, the large biomass production of this grass provides deployment system till the next harvest.

scholarly journals Acúmulo de macronutrientes e decomposição da palhada de braquiárias em razão da adubação nitrogenada durante e após o consórcio com a cultura do milho

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nídia Raquel Costa ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Keny Samejima Mascarenhas Lopes ◽  
Fernanda Garcia dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Em regiões de clima tropical, as principais limitações na manutenção de palhada na superfície do solo são a dificuldade de sua implantação e as suas elevadas taxas de decomposição. Visando identificar o potencial produtivo dos capins xaraés e ruziziensis, bem como a posterior formação de palhada para continuidade do sistema plantio direto, avaliou-se a produtividade de massa seca, a relação lignina/N total, o acúmulo de macronutrientes e a decomposição da palhada em duas safras agrícolas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas espécies de braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés e Brachiaria ruziziensis), implantadas em consórcio com a cultura do milho e adubadas com as mesmas doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), durante e após o consórcio com a cultura do milho. O tempo de decomposição da palhada durante o período de 120 dias foi avaliado pelo método das sacolas de decomposição (litter bags). A adubação nitrogenada não influenciou a produtividade de massa seca dos capins xaraés e ruziziensis, a relação lignina/N total e a quantidade de palhada depositada sobre a superfície do solo após o consórcio com milho, porém elevou os acúmulos de N, K, Mg e S. Os capins xaraés e ruziziensis apresentaram potencial de produção de palhada acima de 4.000 kg ha-1 na entressafra, com a manutenção de 15 a 60 % dessa quantidade aos 120 dias após o manejo.

Analysis of meiotic behavior in selecting potential genitors among diploid and artificially induced tetraploid accessions of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Poaceae)

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Suely Pagliarini ◽  
Claudicéia Risso-Pascotto ◽  
Alice Maria de Souza-Kaneshima ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Interspecific hybrids between a transgenic rapeseed (Brassica napus) and related species: cytogenetical characterization and detection of the transgene

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Kerlan ◽  
A. M. Chevre ◽  
F. Eber
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Bar Gene ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Transgenic Rapeseed

In interspecific hybrids produced between a transgenic rapeseed, an allotetraploid species, resistant to herbicide, phosphinotricin, and five diploid related species, the risk for gene introgression in weed genomes was explored through cytogenetic and bar gene characterizations. Among the 75 hybrids studied, most had the expected triploid structure, with the exception of B. napus – B. oleracea amphidiploid plants and one B. napus – S. arvensis amphidiploid plant. In triploid hybrid plants, the reciprocal hybrids did not exhibit any difference in their meiotic behavior. The comparison of the percentage of chromosome pairing in the hybrids with that of haploid rapeseed permit to conclude that allosyndesis between AC genomes and related species genomes took place. This possibility of recombination was confirmed by the presence of multivalent associations in all the interspecific hybrids. Nevertheless, in B. napus – B. adpressa hybrids a control of chromosome pairing seemed to exist. The possibility of amphidiploid plant production directly obtained in the F1 generation increased the risk of gene dispersal. The B. napus – B. oleracea amphidiploid plant presented a meiotic behavior more regular than that of the B. napus – S. arvensis amphidiploid plant. Concerning the herbicide bar gene characterization, the presence of the gene detected by DNA amplification was correlated with herbicide resistance, except for two plants. Different hypotheses were proposed to explain these results. A classification of the diploid species was established regarding their gene dispersal risk based on the rate of allosyndesis between chromosomes of AC genomes of rapeseed and the genomes of the related species.Key words: Brassicaceae, transgenic rapeseed, risk assessment, interspecific hybrids, chromosome pairing, bar gene characterization.

HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL DIPLOID SPECIES OF HELIANTHUS

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Paracentric Inversion ◽  
Sterile Hybrid ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Normal Pollen

Hybrid characteristics, fertility and meiosis are described for the first interspecific hybrids to be obtained from crosses of the two perennial species (2n = 34) Helianthus giganteus and H. maximiliani with the annual species H. annuus (2n = 34). A single, highly pollen-sterile hybrid, H. giganteus × H. annuus cv. Krasnodarets, had abnormal meiosis with meiocytes containing univalents and multivalents. It was completely female sterile. The three H. giganteus × wild H. annus and four H. maximiliani × wild H. annuus hybrids had less than 5% normal pollen, and meiotic behavior suggested the presence of at least three interchanges and a paracentric inversion. Small quantities of seed were obtained by backcrossing with H. annuus cv. Saturn.

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