scholarly journals High precision particle astrophysics as a new window on the universe with an Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Battiston ◽  
B. Bertucci ◽  
O. Adriani ◽  
G. Ambrosi ◽  
B. Baoudoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Large Acceptance ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
The Universe

AbstractMultimessenger astrophysics is based on the detection, with the highest possible accuracy, of the cosmic radiation. During the last 20 years, the advent space-borne magnetic spectrometers in space (AMS-01, Pamela, AMS-02), able to measure the charged cosmic radiation separating matter from antimatter, and to provide accurate measurement of the rarest components of Cosmic Rays (CRs) to the highest possible energies, have become possible, together with the ultra-precise measurement of ordinary CRs. These developments started the era of precision Cosmic Ray physics providing access to a rich program of high-energy astrophysics addressing fundamental questions like matter-antimatter asymmetry, indirect detection for Dark Matter and the detailed study of origin, acceleration and propagation of CRs and their interactions with the interstellar medium.In this paper we address the above-mentioned scientific questions, in the context of a second generation, large acceptance, superconducting magnetic spectrometer proposed as mission in the context of the European Space Agency’s Voyage2050 long-term plan: the Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO) would extend by about two orders of magnitude in energy and flux sensitivity the separation between charged particles/anti-particles, making it uniquely suited for addressing and potentially solving some of the most puzzling issues of modern cosmology.

THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
pp. 2611-2625
Author(s):  
ROSALBA PERNA
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Wavelength Radiation ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Shed Light

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic and most relativistic phenomenon in the Universe. Understanding the nature of their progenitors is among the primary efforts of current research in high energy astrophysics, and their unmatched luminosity and other properties makes them ideal cosmological probes. This review summarizes the observational effects resulting from the interaction between the longer-wavelength radiation accompanying GRBs and their close environment. In particular, it discusses signatures that, in addition to providing powerful clues on the GRB progenitors, can also shed light on the physical characteristics, such as metallicity and dust content, of the GRB host galaxies. The last part of the article reviews the long-term signatures imprinted in the medium after a GRB explosion, particularly focusing on how we can identify GRB remnants in our own and nearby galaxies, and what we can learn from their identification.

scholarly journals UVscope and its application aboard the ASTRI-Horn telescope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concetta Maccarone ◽  
Giovanni La Rosa ◽  
Osvaldo Catalano ◽  
Salvo Giarrusso ◽  
Alberto Segreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Mode

AbstractUVscope is an instrument, based on a multi-pixel photon detector, developed to support experimental activities for high-energy astrophysics and cosmic ray research. The instrument, working in single photon counting mode, is designed to directly measure light flux in the wavelengths range 300-650 nm. The instrument can be used in a wide field of applications where the knowledge of the nocturnal environmental luminosity is required. Currently, one UVscope instrument is allocated onto the external structure of the ASTRI-Horn Cherenkov telescope devoted to the gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. Being co-aligned with the ASTRI-Horn camera axis, UVscope can measure the diffuse emission of the night sky background simultaneously with the ASTRI-Horn camera, without any interference with the main telescope data taking procedures. UVscope is properly calibrated and it is used as an independent reference instrument for test and diagnostic of the novel ASTRI-Horn telescope.

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Q. An ◽  
R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

Detectors for cosmic particles, neutrinos and exotic matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 655-710
Author(s):  
Hermann Kolanoski ◽  
Norbert Wermes
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Astroparticle Physics ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Origin

Astroparticle physics deals with the investigation of cosmic radiation using similar detection methods as in particle physics, however, mostly with quite different detector arrangements. In this chapter the detection principles for the different radiation types with cosmic origin are presented, this includes charged particles, gamma radiation, neutrinos and possibly existing Dark Matter. In the case of neutrinos also experiments at accelerators and reactors are included. Examples, which are typical for the different areas, are given for detectors and their properties. For cosmic ray detection apparatuses are deployed above the atmosphere with balloons or satellites or on the ground using the atmosphere as calorimeter in which high-energy cosmic rays develop showers or in underground areas including in water and ice.

4. Windows in the sky

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
The Universe

The atmosphere influences much of what can be seen through a telescope. Most of the atmosphere lies within 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Further out, the air becomes thinner until it merges with outer space. In the ionosphere—a layer 75–1000 km high—neutral atoms are ionized by solar radiation and high-energy cosmic ray particles arriving from distant parts of the Universe. ‘Windows in the sky’ explains electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through to visible light and radio waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can be polarized. The atmosphere acts as a filter and blocks cosmic electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric turbulence distorts starlight resulting in ‘twinkling’ stars.

scholarly journals Impact of Cosmic-Ray Physics on Dark Matter Indirect Searches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Gaggero ◽  
Mauro Valli
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Classical Plasma ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

The quest for the elusive dark matter (DM) that permeates the Universe (and in general the search for signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model at astronomical scales) provides a unique opportunity and a tough challenge to the high energy astrophysics community. In particular, the so-called DMindirect searches—mostly focused on a class of theoretically well-motivated DM candidates such as the weakly interacting massive particles—are affected by a complex astrophysical background of cosmic radiation. The understanding and modeling of such background require a deep comprehension of an intricate classical plasma physics problem, i.e., the interaction between high energy charged particles, accelerated in peculiar astrophysical environments, and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the interstellar medium of our galaxy. In this review we highlight several aspects of this exciting interplay between the most recent claims of DM annihilation/decay signatures from the sky and the galactic cosmic-ray research field. Our purpose is to further stimulate the debate about viable astrophysical explanations, discussing possible directions that would help breaking degeneracy patterns in the interpretation of current data. We eventually aim to emphasize how a deep knowledge on the physics of CR transport is therefore required to tackle the DM indirect search program at present and in the forthcoming years.

scholarly journals On the flux of high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos and the influence of the extragalactic magnetic field

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (1) ◽  
pp. L119-L122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wittkowski ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kampert
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Cosmic Background ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACT Cosmogenic neutrinos originate from interactions of cosmic rays propagating through the universe with cosmic background photons. Since both high-energy cosmic rays and cosmic background photons exist, the existence of high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos is certain. However, their flux has not been measured so far. Therefore, we calculated the flux of high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos arriving at the Earth on the basis of elaborate 4D simulations that take into account three spatial degrees of freedom and the cosmological time-evolution of the universe. Our predictions for this neutrino flux are consistent with the recent upper limits obtained from large-scale cosmic-ray experiments. We also show that the extragalactic magnetic field has a strong influence on the neutrino flux. The results of this work are important for the design of future neutrino observatories, since they allow to assess the detector volume and observation time that are necessary to detect high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos in the near future. An observation of such neutrinos would push multimessenger astronomy to hitherto unachieved energy scales.

scholarly journals Composition and Galactic Confinement of Cosmic Rays

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 740-756
Author(s):  
Maurice M. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Interstellar Space ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Path Lengths

The ‘Galactic’ cosmic rays impinging on the Earth come from afar over tortuous paths, traveling for millions of years. These particles are the only known samples of matter that reach us from regions of space beyond the solar system. Their chemical and isotopic composition and their energy spectra provide clues to the nature of cosmic-ray sources, the properties of interstellar space, and the dynamics of the Galaxy. Various processes in high-energy astrophysics could be illuminated by a more complete understanding of the arriving cosmic rays, including the electrons and gamma rays.En route, some of theprimordialcosmic-ray nuclei have been transformed by collision with interstellar matter, and the composition is substantially modified by these collisions. A dramatic consequence of the transformations is the presence in the arriving ‘beam’ of considerable fluxes of purely secondary elements (Li, Be, B), i.e., species that are, in all probability, essentially absent at the sources. We shall here discuss mainly the composition of the arriving ‘heavy’ nuclei -those heavier than helium - and what they teach us about thesourcecomposition, the galactic confinement of the particles, their path lengths, and their transit times.

scholarly journals The Phenomena of High Energy Astrophysics

2003 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Blandford
Keyword(s):  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy

A brief summary of some highlights in the study of high energy astrophysical sources over the past decade is presented. It is argued that the great progress that has been made derives largely from the application of new technology to observation throughout all of the electromagnetic and other spectra and that, on this basis, the next decade should be even more exciting. However, it is imperative to observe cosmic sources throughout these spectra in order to obtain a full understanding of their properties. In addition, it is necessary to learn the universal laws that govern the macroscopic and the microscopic behavior of cosmic plasma over a great range of physical conditions by combining observations of different classes of source. These two injunctions are illustrated by discussions of cosmology, hot gas, supernova remnants and explosions, neutron stars, black holes and ultrarelativistic outflows. New interpreations of the acceleration of Galactic cosmic rays, the cooling of hot gas in rich clusters and the nature of ultrarelativistic outflows are outlined. The new frontiers of VHE γ-ray astronomy, low frequency radio astronomy, neutrino astronomy, UHE cosmic ray physics and gravitational wave astronomy are especially promising.

scholarly journals DIVISION D COMMISSION 44: SPACE AND HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (T29A) ◽  
pp. 219-244
Author(s):  
Christine Jones ◽  
Noah Brosch ◽  
Günther Hasinger ◽  
Matthew G. Baring ◽  
Martin Adrian Barstow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Astrophysics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutrino Detectors ◽  
Gamma Ray Astronomy ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Modern Astronomy

Division XI, the predecessor to Division D until 2012, was formed in 1994 at the IAU General Assembly in The Hague by merging Commission 44 Astronomy from Space and Commission 48 High Energy Astrophysics. Historically, space astrophysics started with the high energy wavelengths (far UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray astronomy) which are only accessible from space. However, in modern astronomy, to study high energy astrophysical processes, almost all wavelengths are used (including gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, infrared, submillimeter and radio). In addition other ground-based facilities, including gravitational wave antennas, neutrino detectors and high-energy cosmic ray arrays are joining in this era of multi-messenger astrophysics, as well as space missions with the primary goals to discover and study exoplanets, are under the umbrella of Division XI.

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