Net N immobilisation during the biodegradation of mucilage in soil as affected by repeated mineral and organic fertilisation

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Nguyen ◽  
Fabienne Froux ◽  
Sylvie Recous ◽  
Thierry Morvan ◽  
Christophe Robin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilisation ◽  
N Immobilisation

scholarly journals The effect of different copper doses and organic fertilisation on soil’s enzymatic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Beata Kuziemska ◽  
Andrzej Wysokiński ◽  
Joanna Trębicka
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Organic Fertilisation

A three-year pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall in 2014–2016 included studying the enzymatic activity of soil, into which various amounts of copper: (100, 200 and 300 mg Cu/kg soil) and organic materials (cattle manure, chicken manure, post-mushroom substrate) were introduced, used separately, at a soil-introduction dose of 2 g C<sub>org</sub>/kg. Copper and organic materials were used once, only in the first year of the study, before sowing test plant orchard grass. In soil collected after the last (fourth) swath of grass in each year of the study, the activity of urease, dehydrogenases, acid, and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Applications of copper to the soil, regardless of its dose, resulted in a decrease in urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The inactivating effect of this metal on the activity of urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of its dose. Organic fertilisation generally increased the enzymatic activity of the analysed soil. In subsequent years of the study, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased, while acid phosphatase activity increased. Dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly in subsequent years of the study.  

scholarly journals Distribution of nitrogen in wheat plant in its late growth stages with regard to organic fertilisation and mineral nitrogen rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Čeh-Brežnik ◽  
A. Tajnšek
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Organic Fertilisation ◽  
N Rates ◽  
The Impact

In Central Slovenia within a long term static experiment IOSDV we investigated the impact of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisation (0, 65, 130, 195 kg/ha) on the N content and the N amount in winter wheat (larger roots, stems, spikes and leaves) in EC 81/82 and EC 90/91, employing three systems of management: farmyard manure ploughing in before forecrop maize, straw ploughing in and green manure, no organic fertilisation. At EC 81/82 the N content in larger roots was around twice as high as the N content in stems and around twice as low as the N content in spikes and leaves. There was 80% of the whole N amount in plant located in the spikes and leaves (33&ndash;168 kg/ha) in EC 81/82 and 90% in EC 90/91. Calculated N recovery from mineral fertiliser was 68&ndash;87%; it increased with the increasing N rates in the system with farmyard manure ploughing in and in the system with no organic fertilisation, but not in the system with straw ploughing in and green manure. Between EC 81/82 and EC 90/91 wheat gained from 4 to 34 kg N/ha, but there were more important translocations of N inside the plants, which were higher at higher mineral N rates. There was a significant impact of management system on the N uptake at the highest mineral N rate.

scholarly journals Nitrogen application timing and soil inorganic nitrogen dynamics under no-till oat/maize sequential cropping

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
Egon José Meurer ◽  
Roberto Luiz Salet
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
N Application ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
No Till ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
N Immobilisation ◽  
Sequential Cropping

The timing of N application to maize is a key factor to be considered in no-till oat/maize sequential cropping. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-planting, planting and sidedress N application on oat residue decomposition, on soil N immobilisation and remineralisation and on N uptake by maize plants in no-till oat/maize sequential cropping. Undisturbed soil cores of 10 and 20 cm diameter were collected from the 0-15 cm layer of a no-till Red Latossol, when the oat cover crop was in the milk-grain stage. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted simultaneously. Experiment A, established in the 10 cm diameter cores and without plant cultivation, was used to asses N dynamics in soil and oat residues. Experiment B, established in the 20 cm diameter cores and with maize cultivation, was used to assess plant growth and N uptake. An amount of 6.0 Mg ha-1 dry matter of oat residues was spread on the surface of the cores. A rate of 90 kg N ha-1 applied as ammonium sulphate in both experiments was split in pre-planting, planting and sidedress applications as follows: (a) 00-00-00 (control), (b) 90-00-00 (pre-planting application, 20 days before planting), (c) 00-90-00 (planting application), (d) 00-30-60 (split in a planting and a sidedress application 31 days after emergence), (e) 00-00-00* (control, without oat residue) and (f) 90-00-00* (pre-planting application, without oat residue). The N concentration and N content in oat residues were not affected during decomposition by N fertilisation. Most of the fertiliser NH4+-N was converted into NO3--N within 20 days after application. A significant decrease in NO3--N contents in the 0-4 cm layer was observed in all treatments between 40 and 60 days after the oat residue placement on the soil surface, suggesting the occurrence of N immobilisation in this period. Considering that most of the inorganic N was converted into NO3- and that no immobilisation of the pre planting fertiliser N occurred at the time of its application, it was possible to conclude that pre-planting applied N was prone to losses by leaching. On the other hand, with split N applications, maize plants showed N deficiency symptoms before sidedress application. Two indications for fertiliser-N management in no-till oat/maize sequential cropping could be suggested: (a) in case of split application, the sidedress should be earlier than 30 days after emergence, and (b) if integral application is preferred to save field operations, this should be done at planting.

Effect of different soil carbon amendments on the post-harvest dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon and -nitrogen in an agricultural field experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Clayton ◽  
Steffen Rothardt ◽  
Rüdiger Reichel ◽  
Michael Bonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N Immobilisation ◽  
Microbial N

&lt;p&gt;Every year agricultural soils lose significant amounts of nitrogen (N) over winter through N leaching and gas emissions as a result of freeze-thaw cycles. The incorporation of carbon amendments after harvest, such as crop residues or other carbon rich material, can help to promote soil microbial growth, and in doing so, immobilise N within the microbial biomass. It is still unclear which amendments are most effective at promoting microbial N immobilisation and at what time they should be incorporated into the soil to give best results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to investigate this, we measured soil microbial biomass carbon (C&lt;sub&gt;mic&lt;/sub&gt;) and -nitrogen (N&lt;sub&gt;mic&lt;/sub&gt;) at 12 timepoints between harvest and spring in soils from an established agricultural field experiment in Kiel (Germany). We selected plots which had the same fertilisation regime and crop rotation (Faba bean-winter wheat-winter barley rotation) but differed in soil carbon amendment treatment; removal of residues (control), wheat straw, faba bean, and sawdust. &amp;#160;In addition to microbial biomass measurements, we measured microbial nutrient limitation at each timepoint via substrate induced respiration, in order to give a qualitative indication of microbial activity in respect to growth limiting nutrients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our data show that there was little effect of wheat straw in comparison to the control on the microbial biomass carbon or -nitrogen, but different patterns were observed for the latter amendments. C&lt;sub&gt;mic&lt;/sub&gt; generally decreased over time after harvest in all treatments, but again the decreases were less pronounced in the faba bean and sawdust treatments. N&lt;sub&gt;mic&lt;/sub&gt; decreased over time after harvest in control and wheat straw treatment but increased with time in the faba bean and sawdust treatments, suggesting improved N immobilisation by the microbial biomass for these treatments. We found that all soils were nearly always N limited throughout the winter and were never P limited. However, a shift to C limitation was observed after addition of fertiliser in spring, except for in the sawdust treatment, which remained N limited despite the addition of mineral N in the field. This result suggests that sawdust has a higher potential for N immobilisation compared to the other soil amendments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In summary, there was little difference in the microbial post-harvest dynamics between the control and wheat straw treatments but stronger effects were observed in the faba bean and saw dust treatments, which suggested improved microbial N immobilisation. Interestingly, the sawdust amendment seemed to have the highest potential for microbial N immobilisation over winter and enduring into spring.&lt;/p&gt;

Organic Fertilisation Increases C and N Stocks and Reduces Soil Organic Matter Stability in Mediterranean Vegetable Gardens

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Garcia‐Pausas ◽  
Agnese Rabissi ◽  
Pere Rovira ◽  
Joan Romanyà
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Vegetable Gardens ◽  
Organic Fertilisation ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals LOW-INPUT PINEAPPLE CROPS WITH HIGH QUALITY FRUIT: PROMISING IMPACTS OF LOCALLY INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC FERTILISATION COMPARED TO CHEMICAL FERTILISERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIE DARNAUDERY ◽  
PATRICK FOURNIER ◽  
MATHIEU LÉCHAUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Organic Fertilisation ◽  
Organic Fertilisers

SUMMARYFruit and vegetable farming generally involves high levels of chemical inputs despite the fact that consumers are increasingly concerned about the sanitary and organoleptic aspects of fruit quality. Pineapple is largely subject to these issues since it is dominated by conventional monocropping with high levels of agrochemical inputs due to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisation, weed management, crop protection and flowering induction. However, low-input pineapple cropping systems are both rare and little documented. Our study aimed at replacing all or part of the chemical fertilisers used with local organic fertilisers. It was conducted on the cultivar ‘Queen Victoria’, without pesticides or herbicides, in Reunion Island. We compared the impacts of three fertilisation treatments on pineapple growth and yield, fruit quality traits, symptoms of two major fungal diseases in fruit and production costs and labour times: (i) conventional: NPK fertiliser at recommended doses (265.5 kg ha−1 N–10.53 kg ha−1 P–445.71 kg ha−1 K); (ii) integrated: Mucuna pruriens green manure (240.03 kg ha−1 N, 18.62 kg ha−1 P, 136.11 kg ha−1 K) incorporated into the soil and a half-dose of NPK fertiliser and (iii) organic: M. pruriens green manure incorporated into the soil and foliar applications of sugarcane vinasse from a local distillery, rich in K (14.44 g L−1). Our results showed that NPK fertilisation could be replaced by organic fertilisers as well as by integrated fertilisation. ‘D’-leaf analysis showed that vinasse supplies a largely sufficient K level for growing pineapples. With organic fertilisation, pineapple growth was slower, 199 days after planting vs. 149 days for integrated or conventional fertilisations, and fruit yield was lower, 47.25 t ha−1 vs. 52.51 and 61.24 t ha−1, probably because M. pruriens green manure provided an early increase in soil mineral N, whereas N requirements are much higher four months after planting. However, the fruit weight (709.94 ± 123.53 g) was still within the size range required for the export market (600–900 g). Interestingly, organic fertilisation significantly reduced Leathery Pocket disease and produced the best quality fruit with the highest total soluble solids contents (TSS) and the lowest titratable acidity (TTA). Fruit quality was also significantly improved with integrated fertilisation, with fruit weight similar to that of conventional fertilisation. To conclude, these findings have implications for the sustainability of pineapple production and could lead to low-input innovative cropping systems that reduce production costs and develop local organic inputs.

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