ISSR Variation in Olive-tree Cultivars from Morocco and other Western Countries of the Mediterranean Basin

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Essadki ◽  
N. Ouazzani ◽  
R. Lumaret ◽  
M. Moumni
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

scholarly journals Mediterranean Olive Orchards under Climate Change: A Review of Future Impacts and Adaptation Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Helder Fraga ◽  
Marco Moriondo ◽  
Luisa Leolini ◽  
João A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an ancient traditional crop in the Mediterranean Basin. In the Mediterranean region, traditional olive orchards are distinguishable by their prevailing climatic conditions. Olive trees are indeed considered one of the most suitable and best-adapted species to the Mediterranean-type climate. However, new challenges are predicted to arise from climate change, threatening this traditional crop. The Mediterranean Basin is considered a climate change “hotspot,” as future projections hint at considerable warming and drying trends. Changes in olive tree suitability have already been reported over the last few decades. In this context, climate change may become particularly challenging for olive growers. The growing evidence for significant climate change in the upcoming decades urges adaptation measures to be taken. To effectively cope with the projected changes, both short and long-term adaptation strategies must be timely planned by the sector stakeholders and decision-makers to adapt for a warmer and dryer future. The current manuscript is devoted to illustrating the main impacts of climate change on olive tree cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin, by reviewing the most recent studies on this subject. Additionally, an analysis of possible adaptation strategies against the potentially negative impacts of climate change was also performed.

scholarly journals Genetic flow among olive populations within the Mediterranean basin

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina di Rienzo ◽  
Sara Sion ◽  
Francesca Taranto ◽  
Nunzio D’Agostino ◽  
Cinzia Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Background The olive tree is a typical crop of the Mediterranean basin where it shows a wide diversity, accounting for more than 2,600 cultivars. The ability to discriminate olive cultivars and determine their genetic variability is pivotal for an optimal exploitation of olive genetic resources. Methods We investigated the genetic diversity within 128 olive accessions belonging to four countries in the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Algeria, Syria, and Malta), with the purpose of better understanding the origin and spread of the olive genotypes across Mediterranean Basin countries. Eleven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used and proved to be very informative, producing a total of 179 alleles. Results Cluster analysis distinguished three main groups according to their geographical origin, with the current sample of Maltese accessions included in the Italian group. Phylogenetic analysis further differentiated Italian and Maltese olive accessions, clarifying the intermediate position of Maltese accessions along the x/y-axes of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Model-based and neighbor clustering, PCoA, and migration analysis suggested the existence of two different gene pools (Algerian and Syrian) and that the genetic exchange occurred between the Syrian, Italian and Maltese populations. Discussion The close relationship between Syrian and Italian and Maltese olives was consistent with the historical domestication and migration of olive tree from the North Levant to eastern Mediterranean basin. This study lays the foundations for a better understanding of olive genetic diversity in the Mediterranean basin and represents a step toward an optimal conservation and exploitation of olive genetic resources.

scholarly journals Allozyme variation of oleaster populations (wild olive tree) (Olea europaea L.) in the Mediterranean Basin

Heredity ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lumaret ◽  
N Ouazzani ◽  
H Michaud ◽  
G Vivier ◽  
M-F Deguilloux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Wild Olive ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olea Europaéa

scholarly journals Olive fruit fly and its obligate symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola: Two new symbiont haplotypes in the Mediterranean basin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256284
Author(s):  
Tânia Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Obligate Symbiont ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The olive fruit fly, specialized to become monophagous during several life stages, remains the most important olive tree pest with high direct production losses, but also affecting the quality, composition, and inherent properties of the olives. Thought to have originated in Africa is nowadays present wherever olive groves are grown. The olive fruit fly evolved to harbor a vertically transmitted and obligate bacterial symbiont -Candidatus Erwinia dacicola- leading thus to a tight evolutionary history between olive tree, fruit fly and obligate, vertical transmitted symbiotic bacterium. Considering this linkage, the genetic diversity (at a 16S fragment) of this obligate symbiont was added in the understanding of the distribution pattern of the holobiont at nine locations throughout four countries in the Mediterranean Basin. This was complemented with mitochondrial (four mtDNA fragments) and nuclear (ten microsatellites) data of the host. We focused on the previously established Iberian cluster for the B. oleae structure and hypothesised that the Tunisian samples would fall into a differentiated cluster. From the host point of view, we were unable to confirm this hypothesis. Looking at the symbiont, however, two new 16S haplotypes were found exclusively in the populations from Tunisia. This finding is discussed in the frame of host-symbiont specificity and transmission mode. To understand olive fruit fly population diversity and dispersion, the dynamics of the symbiont also needs to be taken into consideration, as it enables the fly to, so efficiently and uniquely, exploit the olive fruit resource.

scholarly journals Mediterranean vector Soviet foreign trade in the 1920s

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Dmytro Arkhireyskyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Soviet Foreign Trade ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The purpose of the article is to clarify the features of Soviet foreign trade in the Mediterranean basin in the 1920s. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the Mediterranean Soviet foreign trade of the period of the new economic policy has never actually been a separate scientific and historical problem. Methods of research: chronological, historical-comparative, descriptive. The main results: established a list of Mediterranean countries with which the Soviet state maintained trade relations during the period of the new economic policy; clarified the commodity and raw materials nomenclature of export-import operations in the Mediterranean zone; it was established that one of the main reasons for the establishment by Western countries of trade relations with the Bolshevik state was the economic crisis of 1920-1921, which swept the West; At the end of the study period, the Soviet government used the Great Depression to exert economic pressure on Western countries; disclosed the dynamics of Soviet trade at that time in the southern direction; revealed the dependence of Soviet foreign trade on the political environment; analyzed the Ukrainian component of the Soviet Mediterranean trade of the 1920s, using the example of the southern direction of Soviet foreign trade, it is shown how Moscow gradually limited the economic independence of the Ukrainian SSR until its complete leveling. Practical significance: the results of the study can be recommended for use in synthetic works on the history of Ukraine, the USSR, foreign trade and international relations of the 1920s, the development of relevant academic disciplines and special courses. These materials can also be used to promote historical knowledge. Originality: the article is, in general, original, it was made taking into account the developments of domestic and foreign researchers, with the involvement of a significant array of documents from a number of Ukrainian and Russian archives. Scientific novelty: for the first time in domestic historiography the peculiarities of the Soviet foreign trade of the 1920s in the Mediterranean basin are characterized, and also the role in the corresponding processes of the Ukrainian SSR is. The scientific novelty of the work is also due to the introduction into scientific circulation of a significant complex of archival materials, primarily documents of various services and structures of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR. Type of article: overview.

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document