scholarly journals Assessing population collapse of Drupella spp. (Mollusca: Gastropoda) 2 years after a coral bleaching event in the Republic of Maldives

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Saponari ◽  
I. Dehnert ◽  
P. Galli ◽  
S. Montano
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Coral Recovery ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

AbstractCorallivory causes considerable damage to coral reefs and can exacerbate other disturbances. Among coral predators, Drupella spp. are considered as delayer of coral recovery in the Republic of Maldives, although little information is available on their ecology. Thus, we aimed to assess their population structure, feeding behaviour and spatial distribution around 2 years after a coral bleaching event in 2016. Biological and environmental data were collected using belt and line intercept transects in six shallow reefs in Maldives. The snails occurred in aggregations with a maximum of 62 individuals and exhibited a preference for branching corals. Yet, the gastropods showed a high plasticity in adapting feeding preferences to prey availability. Drupella spp. were homogenously distributed in the study area with an average of 9.04 ± 19.72 ind/200 m2. However, their occurrence was significantly different at the reef scale with the highest densities found in locations with higher coral cover. The impact of Drupella spp. appeared to be minimal with the population suffering from the loss of coral cover. We suggest that monitoring programs collect temporal- and spatial-scale data on non-outbreaking populations or non-aggregating populations to understand the dynamics of predation related to the co-occurrence of anthropogenic and natural impacts.

scholarly journals Prey selection of corallivorous muricids at Koh Tao (Gulf of Thailand) four years after a major coral bleaching event

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo S. Moerland ◽  
Chad M. Scott ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Depth Ranges

Corallivorous Drupella (Muricidae) snails at Koh Tao are reported to have extended their range of prey species following a major coral bleaching event in 2010. Populations of their preferred Acropora prey had locally diminished in both size and abundance, and the snails had introduced free-living mushroom corals in their diet. Although the coral community largely recovered, the Drupella population grew and reached outbreak proportions. For this study, corallivorous muricids at Koh Tao were studied more intensively to examine their identities, distribution and prey choice four years after the bleaching event. Drupella rugosa was identified as the major outbreak species and occurred at densities > 3 m-2 in depth ranges of 2-5 and 5-8 m. The density of D. rugosa was related to the live coral cover, Acropora colony density, and depth. Resource selection ratios revealed that species of Acropora, Psammocora and Pavona corals were attacked more frequently than would be expected based on their availability. Strikingly, fungiid corals were now avoided as prey in the recovered coral community, despite them being part of the preferred diet directly after the bleaching. Although D. rugosa showed a clear prey preference, it appears to be plastic by changing with prey availability. The muricids Drupella margariticola and Morula spinosa occurred in much lower densities and were less often associated with corals. Snails of the opportunistic corallivore D. margariticola usually co-occurred in D. rugosa aggregations, although they also formed feeding aggregations by themselves. Whether M. spinosa generally associates with corals as a corallivore or a scavenger has yet to be determined. Molecular analyses did not reveal cryptic speciation among snails sampled from different coral hosts and also no geographic variation. The present study also showed that corallivory is more common among D. margariticola and M. spinosa than previously known.

MONITORING CORAL RECOVERY AT NEARSHORE CORAL REEFS IN PHANGNGA PROVINCE, THE ANDAMAN SEA FOLLOWING THE 2010 CORAL BLEACHING EVENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makamas Sutthacheep ◽  
Makamas Sutthacheep ◽  
Thamasak Yeemin ◽  
Thamasak Yeemin ◽  
Sittiporn Pengsakun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Coral Recovery

Mass bleaching and subsequent mortality of scleractinian corals in response to elevated seawater temperatures has been considered as one of the most impacts of global climate change. Three extensive coral bleaching events in the Andaman Sea were reported, in the years 1991, 1995 and 2010. Studies on survival of coral colonies, coral recruitment and community structure of coral reef associated macrofauna would predict the trends for coral recovery from the impacts of coral bleaching events. The present study aimed to examine the status of coral communities, density of coral recruits and coral reef associated macrofauna at nearshore coral reefs in Phangnga Province, the Andaman Sea following the 2010 coral bleaching event. The dead coral cover was high (>50%) while the live coral cover was in the range of 13-21%. There was high diversity of coral recruits on natural substrates. The average densities of macrobenthic fauna varied from 1.9 to 2.6 individuals.m-2, with significant differences among study sites. The dominant macrobenthic species were a soft coral (Lobophytum sp.), a sea star (Linckia laevigata) and a sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris). Coral recovery at these coral reefs would be possible but local anthropogenic stressors must be overwhelmingly reduced in order to enhance coral reef resilience. The long-term monitoring programs in the Andaman Sea are required for decision makers to support their adaptive management approaches.

MONITORING CORAL RECOVERY AT NEARSHORE CORAL REEFS IN PHANGNGA PROVINCE, THE ANDAMAN SEA FOLLOWING THE 2010 CORAL BLEACHING EVENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makamas Sutthacheep ◽  
Makamas Sutthacheep ◽  
Thamasak Yeemin ◽  
Thamasak Yeemin ◽  
Sittiporn Pengsakun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Coral Recovery

Mass bleaching and subsequent mortality of scleractinian corals in response to elevated seawater temperatures has been considered as one of the most impacts of global climate change. Three extensive coral bleaching events in the Andaman Sea were reported, in the years 1991, 1995 and 2010. Studies on survival of coral colonies, coral recruitment and community structure of coral reef associated macrofauna would predict the trends for coral recovery from the impacts of coral bleaching events. The present study aimed to examine the status of coral communities, density of coral recruits and coral reef associated macrofauna at nearshore coral reefs in Phangnga Province, the Andaman Sea following the 2010 coral bleaching event. The dead coral cover was high (>50%) while the live coral cover was in the range of 13-21%. There was high diversity of coral recruits on natural substrates. The average densities of macrobenthic fauna varied from 1.9 to 2.6 individuals.m-2, with significant differences among study sites. The dominant macrobenthic species were a soft coral (Lobophytum sp.), a sea star (Linckia laevigata) and a sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris). Coral recovery at these coral reefs would be possible but local anthropogenic stressors must be overwhelmingly reduced in order to enhance coral reef resilience. The long-term monitoring programs in the Andaman Sea are required for decision makers to support their adaptive management approaches.

scholarly journals The impact of environmental variables on the spread of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kwan Lim ◽  
Oh Joo Kweon ◽  
Hye Ryoun Kim ◽  
Tae-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCorona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic and is a major public health concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of environmental factors, such as climate and air pollutants, in the transmission of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea. We collected epidemiological and environmental data from two regions of the Republic of Korea, namely Seoul metropolitan region (SMR) and Daegu-Gyeongbuk region (DGR) from February 2020 to July 2020. The data was then analyzed to identify correlations between each environmental factor with confirmed daily COVID-19 cases. Among the various environmental parameters, the duration of sunshine and ozone level were found to positively correlate with COVID-19 cases in both regions. However, the association of temperature variables with COVID-19 transmission revealed contradictory results when comparing the data from SMR and DGR. Moreover, statistical bias may have arisen due to an extensive epidemiological investigation and altered socio-behaviors that occurred in response to a COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, our results suggest that various environmental factors may play a role in COVID-19 transmission.

scholarly journals Dampak Kegiatan Pariwisata terhadap Status Tutupan Terumbu Karang dan Valuasi Ekonomi di Kepulauan Karimunjawa The Impact of Tourism Activities on The Status of Coral Reef Cover and Economic Valuation in Karimunjawa Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ary Hendri Pribadi ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti ◽  
Churun Ain
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

ABSTRAK Pulau Karimunjawa adalah salah satu objek destinasi wisata keindahan ekosistem terumbu karang. Kunjungan wisatawan di Karimunjawa dapat berdampak pada terumbu karang dan nilai ekonomi pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April-Mei 2019 di Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap nilai status tutupan terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT) di Pulau Tanjung Gelam, Pulau Menjangan Besar dan Pulau Cemara Kecil serta nilai valuasi ekonomi pariwisata dengan menggunakan metode biaya perjalanan atau Travel Cost Method (TCM). Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang datang ke Pulau Karimunjawa meningkat sejak tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018. Kondisi status tutupan terumbu karang yang diperoleh dalam kondisi baik dengan nilai karang hidup yang didapatkan pada Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61,6%, Pulau Menjangan Besar 70,8% dan Pulau Cemara Kecil 57,3%. Luasan terumbu karang pada tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018 di Pulau Mejangan Besar dan Cemara Kecil mengalami penurunan. Sedangkan nilai valuasi ekonomi tahun 2016 sejumlah Rp.125.426.860,- 2017 dan 2018 sejumlah Rp.135.437.480,- dan Rp.156.932.039,-. Dampak wisatawan yang berkunjung tahun 2016-2018 pada valuasi ekonominya tiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Hasil nilai valuasi ekonomi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini,nilai rata-rata TCM pada wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.111.023,- dan nilai ekonomi pertahunnya Rp.3.369.031.988,-. Rata-rata biaya perjalanan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.146.314,- dan nilai biaya pertahunnya Rp.12.324.171.938,-. Nilai total valuasi ekonomi dari dalam wilayah Kabupaten Jepara dan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara yaitu Rp.156.693.203.925,-. ABSTRACT Karimunjawa Island is one of the tourist destinations of the beauty of the coral reef ecosystem. Tourist visits in Karimunjawa can have an impact on coral reefs and the economic value of tourism. This research was conducted in April-May 2019 in the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of tourism on the status of coral cover status using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method on Tanjung Gelam Island, Menjangan Besar Island and Cemara Kecil Island and the economic valuation value of tourism using the travel cost method or the Travel Cost Method ( TCM). The results obtained from this study are the number of tourist arrivals to Karimunjawa Island increased from 2016 to 2018. The status of coral cover status obtained in good condition with the value of live coral obtained on Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61.6%; Pulau Menjangan Besar 70.8% and Pulau Cemara Kecil 57.3%. The extent of coral reefs in 2016 to 2018 on Pulau Mejangan Besar and Pulau Cemara Kecil declined. While the value of economic valuations in 2016 amounted to Idr.125,426,860,- 2017 and 2018 amounted to Idr.135,437,480,- and Idr.156,932,039,-. The impact of tourists visiting 2016-2018 on their economic valuations has increased each year. The results of the economic valuation obtained in this study, the average value of TCM in the Jepara Regency region is Idr.1,111,023, and the annual economic value is Idr.3,369,031,988. The average cost of trips outside the area of Jepara Regency is Idr.1,146,314, and the annual cost is Idr.12,321,171,938. The total value of economic valuations from within the Jepara Regency and outside the Jepara Regency is Idr.156,693,203,925. 

scholarly journals Early trajectories of benthic coral reef communities following the 2015/16 coral bleaching event at remote Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Koester ◽  
Valentina Migani ◽  
Nancy Bunbury ◽  
Amanda Ford ◽  
Cheryl Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Reef Communities ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Reef Communities

Abstract Documenting post-bleaching trajectories of coral reef communities is crucial to understand their resilience to climate change. We investigated reef community changes following the 2015/16 bleaching event at Aldabra Atoll, where direct human impact is minimal. We combined benthic data collected pre- (2014) and post-bleaching (2016–2019) at 12 sites across three locations (lagoon, 2 m depth; seaward west and east, 5 and 15 m depth) with water temperature measurements. While seaward reefs experienced relative hard coral reductions of 51–62%, lagoonal coral loss was lower (− 34%), probably due to three-fold higher daily water temperature variability there. Between 2016 and 2019, hard coral cover did not change on deep reefs which remained dominated by turf algae and Halimeda, but absolute cover on shallow reefs increased annually by 1.3% (east), 2.3% (west) and 3.0% (lagoon), reaching, respectively, 54%, 68% and 93% of the pre-bleaching cover in 2019. Full recovery at the shallow seaward locations may take at least five more years, but remains uncertain for the deeper reefs. The expected increase in frequency and severity of coral bleaching events is likely to make even rapid recovery as observed in Aldabra’s lagoon too slow to prevent long-term reef degradation, even at remote sites.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coral Conditions on the Structure of the Megabenthos Community Associated with the Coral Reefs of the Spermonde Islands

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
K.P. Beatrix Tatipata ◽  
Supriadi Mashoreng
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Check Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

Coral reefs are organisms that live on the bottom of the waters and are in the form of limestone (CaCO3) which is strong against sea waves so that it can prevent coastal erosion and is also a place for various types of animals associated with coral reef ecosystems that utilize coral polyps. as his food. Mega-benthos are biota / organisms with a size of more than 1 cm that live on or in the seabed, including the sticking, creeping and burrowing biota that is visible with the camera. The research was conducted using the Line Intercept Transect Method and the Benthos Reef Check Method. The results showed that the highest percentage of live coral cover was found on Badi Island 71.46% (Good coral condition category), the moderate coral condition category was represented by Kapoposang Island (46.02%) and the bad coral condition category was represented by Ballanglompo Island ( 7.92%). The highest diversity of species (H ') Mega-benthos is at station 3 (Badi Island) with the value of H' = 2.528 while the lowest is at station IV (Lumu-lumu Island) with the value of H '= 0.6365. So that the category of the megabenthos species diversity index in the research location can be said to be in the low to moderate category.

scholarly journals About creation of a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system in the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Oleg Trofimov ◽  
Andrey V. Rubezhov ◽  
Maria Kraft ◽  
Andrey V. Udaltsov
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Air Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The existing system of instrumental monitoring of the state of atmospheric air in the Republic of Tatarstan systematically reveals the facts of unsatisfactory quality of atmospheric air, in this connection, special attention has been paid to the work on regulating the impact of emissions on atmospheric air by means of calculated monitoring. The article notes that by now all the necessary legal framework has been created for creating a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper provides a justification for the need to implement a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system for three levels: the level "Enterprise" or "group of enterprises", the level" Municipality", the level"Subject of the Russian Federation the Republic of Tatarstan". The General scheme of the organization of environmental data collection in the Republic of Tatarstan and the scheme of the integrated architecture of the environmental data collection system are presented. The results of the implementation of a hybrid multi-level atmospheric air monitoring system in the environmental policy of the Republic of Tatarstan are presented

Coral recovery at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles: five years after the 1998 bleaching event

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1826) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Stobart ◽  
Kristian Teleki ◽  
Raymond Buckley ◽  
Nigel Downing ◽  
Martin Callow
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Coral Recovery

Changes in reef benthos were assessed at Aldabra Atoll following the mass coral bleaching event of 1998. Video transects were used to survey the benthos and analysed using the Australian Institute of Marine Science five–dot method. Comparison of coral cover data collected by the Cambridge Southern Seychelles Atoll Research Programme with data collected during this study revealed that mortality of coral at Aldabra following the bleaching event was approximately 66% at 10 m depth and 38% at 20 m depth. Five years on, there are signs of hard coral recovery at some locations, but in spite of several years of high coral recruitment (7–9 recruits per m 2 at 10 m depth, 4–6 recruits per m 2 at 20 m depth, where recruits are defined as any colony under 5 cm maximum diameter), recovery of hard coral has not occurred at a significant level. There has been a considerable increase in soft coral cover at some locations, which was dominated by the genus Rhytisma . Macro algal cover did not increase following the bleaching event, although, as would be expected, dead corals have been colonized by coralline algae. There have been no further events leading to large–scale coral mortality at Aldabra since 1998.

scholarly journals The mortality, recovery, and community shifts of scleractinian corals in Puerto Rico one decade after the 2005 regional bleaching event

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge R García-Sais ◽  
Stacey M Williams ◽  
Ali Amirrezvani
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coral Recovery ◽  
And Shifts

This work analyzes the mortality, recovery, and shifts in the composition of scleractinian corals in Puerto Rico one decade after the 2005 regional coral bleaching event. Temporal and spatial patterns of coral community structure were examined using a stratified, non-random sampling approach based on five permanent transects per reef at 16 reef stations. A negative correlation between percent coral cover loss and light attenuation coefficient (Kd490) was observed, suggesting that water turbidity played a major role in coral protection during the bleaching event (“sunblock effect”). Loss of coral cover after the bleaching event was lower at nearshore reefs, and with increasing depth at oceanic and shelf-edge reefs. By 2015, coral recovery was observed at all reefs surveyed, but coastal reefs exhibited a higher rate of recovery. The responses of coral assemblages varied after the bleaching event, including shifts in cover from massive corals (Orbicella spp.) to turf algae and/or by opportunistic (Porites astreoides) and branching corals (Madracis auretenra, P. porites); partial recovery by O. annularis complex; and no measurable change in coral assemblages before and after the event.

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