Effects of topical administration of tafluprost and combination of tafluprost and timolol or tafluprost and betaxolol on Schirmer tear test, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in clinically healthy dogs

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of long-term (30-day) oral administration of melatonin on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP), and concentration of melatonin in the tears and serum of healthy dogs. ANIMALS 20 healthy sexually intact adult male dogs. PROCEDURES 10 dogs were given melatonin (0.3 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, administered in food at 9 am), and 10 dogs were given a placebo. Tear and serum melatonin concentrations, IOP, and tear production (determined with a Schirmer tear test) were recorded before (baseline) and 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 5 hours after administration of melatonin or the placebo on day 1 and 30 minutes after administration of melatonin or the placebo on days 8, 15, and 30. RESULTS Data collection time had significant effects on tear production, IOP, and tear melatonin concentration but not on serum melatonin concentration. Treatment (melatonin vs placebo) had a significant effect on tear melatonin concentration, but not on tear production, IOP, or serum melatonin concentration; however, tear melatonin concentration was significantly different between groups only 30 minutes after administration on day 1 and not at other times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In healthy dogs, long-term administration of melatonin at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours did not have any clinically important effects on tear production, IOP, or serum or tear melatonin concentrations.

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Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140826 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 724-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thaís Ruiz ◽

Thalita Priscila da Silva Peres ◽

Wilma Neres da Silva Campos ◽

Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽

Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pupil Diameter ◽

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽

Tear Production ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

To Receive

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4mg kg-1 (n=11) and 6mg kg-1 (n=11) of tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly. Tear production (Schirmer tear test, STT-1), IOP (applanation tonometry) and the PD (electronic pachymetry) were assessed before, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of tramadol. Data were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<0.05). Parameters evaluated before, at 30 and 60min, in dogs treated with 4 and 6mg kg-1, were respectively: (STT-1) 22.50±3.38, 21.14±3.94 and 21.09±2.99mm min-1; and 23.05±3.73,22.64±3.76 and 22.82±3.25mm min-1. (IOP) 18.14±2.68, 17.68±2.59 and 18.23±3.84mmHg; and 19.05±2.27, 18.91±2.74 and 17.64±2.34mmHg. (PD) 6.71±0.65, 7.22±1.42 and 6.90±1.39mm; and 6.25±1.08, 6.80±1.27 and 6.49±0.90mm. All parameters evaluated did not change significantly among time points and dose regimen. Based on the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, tramadol did not affect tear production, IOP and PD in dogs, and could be used as a preoperative analgesic for intraocular surgery and pain control for any cause in patients affected by uveitis, glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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Influence of medetomidine, acepromazine, fentanyl and butorphanol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in healthy dogs

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/51/2018-vetmed ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 413-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Mrazova ◽

P. Rauser ◽

J. Burova ◽

M. Georgiou ◽

T. Fichtel

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Pupil Size ◽

Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽

Respiratory Frequency ◽

Double Blind ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

Anderson Darling ◽

Fentanyl Group

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of four different drugs used for anaesthesia premedication on intraocular pressure and pupil size in dogs. A prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical study was carried out. The subjects were forty client-owned healthy dogs (20 males and 20 females), aged 8.0 ± 2.9 years, with body weights of 11.8 ± 8.5 kg (mean ± SD) and without ocular abnormalities that were scheduled for periodontal treatment. Animals were randomly allocated into four groups and received intravenously either medetomidine 0.01 mg/kg, acepromazine 0.02 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.01 mg/kg or butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg. Intraocular pressure, pupil size, heart rate, respiratory frequency and systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were measured prior to (baseline) and at five and 10 minutes after premedication (T5, T10). Data were analysed by Anderson-Darling, Bartlett’s, ANOVA and Dunnett’s tests (P < 0.05). Significant increases of intraocular pressure were observed at T5 and T10 in the fentanyl group. Significant decreases of pupil size at T5 and T10 were detected in the fentanyl, butorphanol and medetomidine groups. In the fentanyl group, heart rate dropped significantly at T10, while respiratory frequency was elevated at T5 and T10. In the medetomidine group, heart rate and respiratory frequency were decreased at T5 and T10. In the butorphanol group, systolic arterial pressure was decreased at T5 and diastolic arterial pressure was decreased at T5 and T10. In the acepromazine group, systolic arterial pressure was decreased at T10. Within ten minutes after intravenous administration in healthy dogs, fentanyl significantly increased intraocular pressure and fentanyl, butorphanol and medetomidine decreased pupil size.

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The influence of fentanyl injection followed by infusion on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and aqueous tear production in healthy non-painful dogs

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/94/2019-vetmed ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 448-455

Author(s):

P Rauser ◽

H Nemeckova ◽

M Mrazova ◽

J Burova ◽

L Novak

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Pupil Size ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tear Production ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

Anderson Darling ◽

Fentanyl Group

The goal of the presented research was to assess the influence of continuously administered fentanyl on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and aqueous tear production in dogs. A prospective, randomised, double “blind” clinical study was performed. Twenty-five non-painful dogs, 13 breeds, a body weight of 10.0 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD) and age of 6.5 ± 3.3 years, 12 males and 13 females with no ocular abnormalities were randomly allocated into two groups receiving an intravenous injection of saline (SAL) 0.3 ml/kg followed by an infusion 2 ml/kg/h or an intravenous injection of fentanyl (FEN) 0.005 mg/kg (diluted in 0.3 ml/kg) followed by an infusion 0.005 mg/kg/h (diluted in 2 ml/kg/h). The intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), pulse rate (PR), respiratory frequency (fR) and systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, DAP) were measured before (baseline) and at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the premedication. The Schirmer Tear Test I (STT-I) was measured prior to and at 30 min after the premedication. The data were analysed by Bartlett’s, Anderson-Darling and Dunnett’s tests, the t-test and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P < 0.05). Relative to the baseline, in the fentanyl group, the PS was significantly decreased at all time points, the PR was significantly decreased at T30 and the fR was significantly decreased at T5, T10, T20 and T30. There were no other significant changes in the IOP, STT-I, SAP and DAP relative to the baseline. Compared to the control group, in the fentanyl group, the PS was significantly smaller at T2, T5, T10, T20 and T30, the PR was significantly lower at T2, T20 and T30 and the fR was significantly higher at T20. Within thirty minutes of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl in the healthy non-painful dogs, the intraocular pressure and aqueous tear production were not affected. However, the fentanyl significantly decreased pupil size. This fact should be considered, when planning analgesia where miosis is undesirable.

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Effects of topical administration of latanoprost, timolol, or a combination of latanoprost and timolol on intraocular pressure, pupil size, and heart rate in clinically normal dogs

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.71.9.1055 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 1055-1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lynsey N. Smith ◽

Paul E. Miller ◽

Lisa M. Felchle

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Pupil Size ◽

Topical Administration ◽

Clinically Normal

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Reference values for intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test in clinically normal Sanjabi sheep

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.12.008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 97 (1-3) ◽

pp. 101-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Masoud Selk Ghaffari ◽

Mohammad Shojaei ◽

Amin Sabzevari ◽

Nargess Khorami

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Reference Values ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Schirmer Tear Test

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Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151206 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 1466-1471 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flor Diana Yokoay Claros Chacaltana ◽

João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto ◽

Ione Terezinha Denardin

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Age Groups ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Age Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Rebound Tonometer ◽

Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽

Group I ◽

Schirmer Tear Test ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.

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