Effects of long-term oral administration of melatonin on tear production, intraocular pressure, and tear and serum melatonin concentrations in healthy dogs

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Rajaei ◽  
Arman Abdous ◽  
Hesam Ostadhasan ◽  
Hannah Emami Alagha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of long-term (30-day) oral administration of melatonin on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP), and concentration of melatonin in the tears and serum of healthy dogs. ANIMALS 20 healthy sexually intact adult male dogs. PROCEDURES 10 dogs were given melatonin (0.3 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, administered in food at 9 am), and 10 dogs were given a placebo. Tear and serum melatonin concentrations, IOP, and tear production (determined with a Schirmer tear test) were recorded before (baseline) and 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 5 hours after administration of melatonin or the placebo on day 1 and 30 minutes after administration of melatonin or the placebo on days 8, 15, and 30. RESULTS Data collection time had significant effects on tear production, IOP, and tear melatonin concentration but not on serum melatonin concentration. Treatment (melatonin vs placebo) had a significant effect on tear melatonin concentration, but not on tear production, IOP, or serum melatonin concentration; however, tear melatonin concentration was significantly different between groups only 30 minutes after administration on day 1 and not at other times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In healthy dogs, long-term administration of melatonin at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours did not have any clinically important effects on tear production, IOP, or serum or tear melatonin concentrations.

scholarly journals Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Ruiz ◽  
Thalita Priscila da Silva Peres ◽  
Wilma Neres da Silva Campos ◽  
Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽  
Alexandre Pinto Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
To Receive

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4mg kg-1 (n=11) and 6mg kg-1 (n=11) of tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly. Tear production (Schirmer tear test, STT-1), IOP (applanation tonometry) and the PD (electronic pachymetry) were assessed before, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of tramadol. Data were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<0.05). Parameters evaluated before, at 30 and 60min, in dogs treated with 4 and 6mg kg-1, were respectively: (STT-1) 22.50±3.38, 21.14±3.94 and 21.09±2.99mm min-1; and 23.05±3.73,22.64±3.76 and 22.82±3.25mm min-1. (IOP) 18.14±2.68, 17.68±2.59 and 18.23±3.84mmHg; and 19.05±2.27, 18.91±2.74 and 17.64±2.34mmHg. (PD) 6.71±0.65, 7.22±1.42 and 6.90±1.39mm; and 6.25±1.08, 6.80±1.27 and 6.49±0.90mm. All parameters evaluated did not change significantly among time points and dose regimen. Based on the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, tramadol did not affect tear production, IOP and PD in dogs, and could be used as a preoperative analgesic for intraocular surgery and pain control for any cause in patients affected by uveitis, glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicca

scholarly journals The Effect of Acute Oral Galactose Administration on the Redox System of the Rat Small Intestine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Jan Homolak ◽  
Ana Babic Perhoc ◽  
Ana Knezovic ◽  
Jelena Osmanovic Barilar ◽  
Davor Virag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Dissociation Rate ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration prevents and alleviates cognitive decline in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that galactose may exert beneficial health effects by acting in the gut. The present aim was to explore the acute time-response of intestinal redox homeostasis following oral administration of d-galactose. Male Wistar rats were euthanized at baseline (n = 6), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 6), and 120 (n = 6) minutes following orogastric administration of d-galactose (200 mg/kg). The overall reductive capacity, lipid peroxidation, the concentration of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWT) and protein sulfhydryls (SH), the activity of Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD), reduced and oxidized fractions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADPH/NADP), and the hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate were analyzed in duodenum and ileum. Acute oral administration of d-galactose increased the activity of SODs and decreased intestinal lipid peroxidation and nucleophilic substrates (LMWT, SH, NADPH), indicating activation of peroxidative damage defense pathways. The redox system of the small intestine can acutely tolerate even high luminal concentrations of galactose (0.55 M), and oral galactose treatment is associated with a reduction rather than the increment of the intestinal OS. The ability of oral d-galactose to modulate intestinal OS should be further explored in the context of intestinal barrier maintenance, and beneficial cognitive effects associated with long-term administration of low doses of d-galactose.

Safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Narita ◽  
Reeko Sato ◽  
Nobuyuki Tomizawa ◽  
Kenji Tani ◽  
Shinobu Komori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Healthy Dogs

The fluctuation of tear production in the dog

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Berger ◽  
VL King
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Healthy Dogs

The fluctuation and variation in canine tear production were established by evaluating the results of daily Schirmer tear test I (STT I) and weekly STT I and Schirmer tear test II (STT II) conducted on healthy dogs. The objectives of the study were to determine the fluctuation in STT values in dogs and its significance on both a daily and weekly basis; to determine the magnitude of the measured differences; and to identify any factors that might influence the fluctuation in STT values or variations of normal values between different dogs. The results of the study indicate that fluctuations in the STT values occur on both a daily and weekly basis. The fluctuations were only biologically significant on a week-to-week basis. There are significant differences between STT I and STT II values in dogs. The results also indicate that weight has a significant effect on STT values, with higher values measured in dogs of increasing body weight.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nasal Steroid Administration on Intraocular Pressure

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Spiliotopoulos ◽  
Nicholas S. Mastronikolis ◽  
Ioannis K. Petropoulos ◽  
Ephigenia K. Mela ◽  
Panos D. Goumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Systemic Steroid ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Nasal Steroids ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Nasal Steroid ◽  
Iop Elevation

The effect of systemic steroid administration on intraocular pressure (IOP) is well established. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of steroids when administered in a nasal spray. We conducted a study to investigate a possible association between nasal steroids and elevated IOP in 54 patients who were being treated for allergic rhinitis. IOP was measured before the patients started therapy and thereafter every 5 days during that therapy. Follow-up ranged from 27 to 35 days (mean: 31). Statistical analysis revealed no significant elevation in IOP after nasal steroid administration. It seems that short-term administration of nasal steroids does not cause significant IOP elevation. Nevertheless, their long-term effects on this pressure should be investigated.

scholarly journals Effects of auriculopalpebral nerve block on ocular parameters in dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37073
Author(s):  
Laura da Costa Luz ◽  
Andréia Vitor Couto do Amaral ◽  
Jéssica Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
Anne Caroline Assis Silva ◽  
Carolina Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Break Up

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two local anesthetics used on auriculopalpebral block on eyelid akinesia, tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear break-up time (TBUT) in conscious dogs. A blind, randomized, prospective study was conducted to determine the effects of auriculopalpebral block using ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.5% in 12 healthy non-brachycephalic dogs (24 eyes). Threat response and eyelid reflex tests, Schirmer tear test (STT), IOP and tear break-up time were conducted before blockage and at 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after application. A difference was observed between the values found at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes compared to baseline for threat response and eyelid reflex tests in the two groups evaluated, proving eyelid akinesia after blockages. No difference was found for STT, IOP and TBUT between baseline values and post-anesthesia times or between groups. It was possible to conclude that ropivacaine and bupivacaine on auriculopalpebral block in conscious dogs promoted eyelid akinesia for at least 240 minutes, not altering ocular physiological parameters of tear production, intraocular pressure, and tear break-up time after blockages.

scholarly journals Reference Values for the Ophthalmic Schirmer Tear Test and the Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Chinchillas

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
M. Richards ◽  
A. Trbolová
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Topical Anaesthesia ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The objective of this study was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production before and after topical anaesthesia in healthy chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Thirteen healthy non-sedated chinchillas (eight males and five females) were used in this study. The tear production was measured by the novel endodontic paper point tear test (PPTT) using Roeko Colour No. 30 Paper points. Following the PPTT, one drop of 0.4 % oxybuprokainium chloride was added to the eye to anaesthetise the cornea and the IOP was measured using the Tono-Pen Avia®Vet. Excess anaesthetic was removed from the conjunctival fornix using a sterile cotton tipped applicator and the PPTT II was performed. The PPTT I and II were measured in 26 eyes, mean ± standard deviations (SD) were 7.98 ± 1.95 mm.min−1, and 9.71 ± 3.52 mm.min−1 respectively. The IOP was measured in 20 eyes, and the mean ± SD was 28.52 ± 12.48 mmHg (35.50 ± 9.31 mmHg in males and 21.53 ± 11.57 mmHg in females). There was no significant difference in the PPTT results between the left and right eyes or between the male and female groups. The males were found to have a significantly higher IOP than females and the PPTT II was significantly greater than the PPTT I. The PPTT test proved to be effective, easy to use, and reliable, causing little apparent discomfort to the chinchillas and could prove to be a much more effective tool than the Schirmer tear test for the evaluation of the tear production in animals with small eyes and/or low aqueous tear production. The mean intraocular pressure proved to be much higher in this population of chinchillas than those previously studied and so further investigation is warranted before a reliable reference range may be produced.

scholarly journals The influence of fentanyl injection followed by infusion on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and aqueous tear production in healthy non-painful dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
P Rauser ◽  
H Nemeckova ◽  
M Mrazova ◽  
J Burova ◽  
L Novak
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
Fentanyl Group

The goal of the presented research was to assess the influence of continuously administered fentanyl on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and aqueous tear production in dogs. A prospective, randomised, double “blind” clinical study was performed. Twenty-five non-painful dogs, 13 breeds, a body weight of 10.0 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD) and age of 6.5 ± 3.3 years, 12 males and 13 females with no ocular abnormalities were randomly allocated into two groups receiving an intravenous injection of saline (SAL) 0.3 ml/kg followed by an infusion 2 ml/kg/h or an intravenous injection of fentanyl (FEN) 0.005 mg/kg (diluted in 0.3 ml/kg) followed by an infusion 0.005 mg/kg/h (diluted in 2 ml/kg/h). The intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), pulse rate (PR), respiratory frequency (f<sub>R</sub>) and systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, DAP) were measured before (baseline) and at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the premedication. The Schirmer Tear Test I (STT-I) was measured prior to and at 30 min after the premedication. The data were analysed by Bartlett’s, Anderson-Darling and Dunnett’s tests, the t-test and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P &lt; 0.05). Relative to the baseline, in the fentanyl group, the PS was significantly decreased at all time points, the PR was significantly decreased at T<sub>30</sub> and the f<sub>R</sub> was significantly decreased at T<sub>5</sub>, T<sub>10</sub>, T<sub>20</sub> and T<sub>30</sub>. There were no other significant changes in the IOP, STT-I, SAP and DAP relative to the baseline. Compared to the control group, in the fentanyl group, the PS was significantly smaller at T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>5</sub>, T<sub>10</sub>, T<sub>20</sub> and T<sub>30</sub>, the PR was significantly lower at T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>20</sub> and T<sub>30</sub> and the f<sub>R</sub> was significantly higher at T<sub>20</sub>. Within thirty minutes of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl in the healthy non-painful dogs, the intraocular pressure and aqueous tear production were not affected. However, the fentanyl significantly decreased pupil size. This fact should be considered, when planning analgesia where miosis is undesirable.

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