scholarly journals Does the Source of Inheritance Matter in Bequest Attitudes? Evidence from Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Indirect Reciprocity ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
The Family

Abstract A better understanding of the reasons for bequests can be pivotal for fiscal policy and wealth inequality management, as the different motives underlying bequest behavior have varied implications. This study examines bloodline-based indirect reciprocity in bequest attitudes over three generations. In doing so, it extends the family tradition model to a bloodline-based family tradition model. This extended model suggests that the source of the inheritance impacts the amount of the bequest left to one’s children or spouse. To test the hypothesis, this study empirically analyzes survey data from the 2009 wave of the Preference Parameters Study for Japan. The results suggest that with some socioeconomic characteristics controlled for, those who have received an inheritance from their parents are more likely to intend to bequest as much as possible to their children, while Japanese females (males) who have received an inheritance from their spouse’s parents are more likely to intend to bequest as much as possible to both their children and their spouse (their spouse only). Hence, the source of the inheritance does matter in bequest attitudes, suggesting bloodline-based indirect reciprocity in bequest attitudes.

The Greening of the Boston Park Plaza Hotel

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Post
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Organizational Values ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Action Program ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Industry Leadership ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plaza Hotel

This article discusses the relationship between personal, family, and organizational values in the development and implementation of an environmental action program at the family-owned and -operated Boston Park Plaza Hotel. In this instance, a ‘spirit of responsibility’ that evolved through three generations of the family meshed with a traditional ‘spirit of ownership’ to produce a program that is a financial and public relations success and that is recognized as the most progressive in the industry. Moreover, the hotel and family have received significant awards for industry leadership and environmental achievement.

scholarly journals What Do Survey Data Tell Us about US Businesses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-458
Author(s):  
Anmol Bhandari ◽  
Serdar Birinci ◽  
Ellen R. McGrattan ◽  
Kurt See
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Survey Designs

This paper examines the reliability of survey data on business incomes, valuations, and rates of return, which are key inputs for studies of wealth inequality and entrepreneurial choice. We compare survey responses of business owners with available data from administrative tax records, brokered private business sales, and publicly traded company filings and document problems due to nonrepresentative samples and measurement errors across several surveys, subsamples, and years. We find that the discrepancies are economically relevant for the statistics of interest. We investigate reasons for these discrepancies and propose corrections for future survey designs. (JEL C82, C83, D22)

scholarly journals Distribution and Transmission of Medicinal Plant Knowledge in the Andean Highlands: A Case Study from Peru and Bolivia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Lan Mathez-Stiefel ◽  
Ina Vandebroek
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Medicinal Plant Knowledge ◽  
The Family ◽  
Andean Highlands

This paper presents a study of patterns in the distribution and transmission of medicinal plant knowledge in rural Andean communities in Peru and Bolivia. Interviews and freelisting exercises were conducted with 18 households at each study site. The amount of medicinal plant knowledge of households was compared in relation to their socioeconomic characteristics. Cluster analysis was applied to identify households that possessed similar knowledge. The different modes of knowledge transmission were also assessed. Our study shows that while theamountof plant knowledge is determined by individual motivation and experience, thetypeof knowledge is influenced by the community of residence, age, migratory activity, and market integration. Plant knowledge was equally transmitted vertically and horizontally, which indicates that it is first acquired within the family but then undergoes transformations as a result of subsequent contacts with other knowledge sources, including age peers.

An Unusual Type of Hemoglobinopathy Resembling Sickle Cell-Thalassemia Disease in a Jamaican Family

Blood ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. WENT ◽  
J. E. MACIVER
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Unusual Type ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Abstract Three generations of a Jamaican family of African extraction are described, in several members of which an abnormal gene is carried. This gene produces high levels of fetal hemoglobin unassociated with the usual stigmata of thalassemia. It is found in all three generations of the family associated with hemoglobin A only and is also found in at least two members of the family interacting with hemoglobin S. In the latter combination little or no disability results. The mode of inheritance of this abnormal gene is discussed, and reasons are put forward for a possible protective effect of high fetal hemoglobin levels due to inhibition of sickling. The findings in the cord blood of the youngest child, including an unusually high percentage of sickling, are discussed, together with follow-up studies to the age of 25 weeks.

Michael George Pitman 1933–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Boardman ◽  
C. Barry Osmond ◽  
Ulrich Lüttge
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home

The Pitmans were a prolific west England family with Sir Isaac Pitman, the inventor of shorthand, the most famous member. During the 1800s four members of different branches of the family emigrated to Australia, but Michael's branch remained in Bristol. His great-grandfather Samuel William Pitman owned and operated a pork butcher's shop in Bedminster, Bristol. The eldest of his 12 children was George Pitman, Michael's grandfather. George worked first as a draper but later established his own pork butcher's shop at the other end of Bedminster. The elder of his two sons, Percy George, was Michael's father. Both sons were involved in running the shop. In 1930 Percy George married Norma Ethel Payne, who was trained and worked as a milliner. Her father (Gubby to Michael) was a skilled wood-worker who was employed as a pattern maker. Michael spent much time with Gubby and learnt from him wood-working and handyman skills. Michael, the eldest of three boys, was born on 7 February 1933 at the family home in Clift Street, Ashton. The family's financial situation became difficult and by the time the second son was born, the family had moved to cramped quarters over the shop in Bedminster. In those days a pork butcher made and cooked his own smallgoods, boiling up the pigs' cheeks and trotters and making the brawn. Each year at Christmas, Michael's mother would use the big boilers to cook batches of 20 Christmas puddings as gifts for favoured customers and business associates. Michael brought her 1932 recipe for 20�puddings to Australia, and when he was Professor of Biology at Sydney University he made small puddings for his staff in the Pitman family tradition.

Francis Bird, Sculptor, 1667–1731

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Rosemary Rendel
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Written Sources

It has not, I think, been generally realised up till now, that Francis Bird was a Catholic. Joseph Gillow includes him in his Biographical Dictionary of the English Catholics but this is a source hardly known to historians of Art and one which recusant historians are hesitant about using because Gillow is sometimes inaccurate. In this case, Gillow may have been able to check his written sources against an accurate family tradition, since Francis Bird was a distant ancestor of his through the marriage of a great-great-grandson, George Thomas Ferrers, to Mary Gillow of Hammersmith. Francis Bird was the leading sculptor whose career bridges the gap between the age of Gibbons and the age of Rysbrack. It is clear that he had a large practice and must have made free use of assistants. He appears to have had a good continental training, though its details are somewhat obscure.The main source for Francis Bird's life is one of the manuscript notebooks of George Vertue, the eighteenth-century engraver, himself a Catholic. He recorded in these the chief events in the world of London artists from September 1722 to August 1754. Vertue's notes were not intended for publication, and his information came either at first hand or from those who knew the artists personally. He states that when Francis Bird died, he left six children, one of them being a son who was aged fifteen at his father's death. C.R.S. sources have now enabled us to identify most of the children and grandchildren. I am most grateful to Sister Francis Agnes Onslow, O.S.F., of Goodings, for allowing me to take over the relevant part of her Bird and Chapman family tree, when we found that we were working in parallel, and it is reproduced here as a first draft so that others may fill in the gaps and make the necessary corrections. I hope to give the Chapman part of the family tree in a subsequent note.

Robert Thomson Leiper, 1881-1969

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 385-404 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Three Generations ◽  
The Family ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
The Town

Robert Thomson Leiper was described by the late Sir Philip Manson-Bahr in 1956 as the world’s foremost helminthologist; this had already been his reputation for practically half a century; at the age of 80 he was referred to as the ‘Father of helminthology of the British Commonwealth’ by Thomas W. A. Cameron, and by others as the ‘Father of modern helminthology’ Leiper was born in Witch Road, Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, on 17 April 1881, the eldest of three children of John and Jessie Leiper. His mother’s maiden name was Aird and his maternal grandmother’s Boyd. The family had been settled in the town of Kilmarnock for three generations, but earlier had been farmers in the neighbouring county of Lanarkshire. His great-great-grandfather farmed Stonyhill in the parish of Avondale and his great-grandfather the farm, Drumboy. Some of this land is still in the possession of the family, and Robert Leiper himself bought the original farm, though in 1951 he had to sell it.

Service Consciousness and Service Knowledge among Older Americans

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kushman ◽  
Beth K. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Large Region ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Data Service ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Relationships

This article explores statistical relationships between socioeconomic characteristics of elderly persons in a large region of California and their consciousness and knowledge of services available to them. Regression and probit estimation are used to analyze survey data. Service knowledge is a prerequisite to utilization or informal referrals and general consciousness of services increases the probability that older persons will search for services to meet their needs. Education, age, sex, rurality, and minority status are found to be associated with service consciousness and knowledge, although a number of other characteristics have significant associations for at most a few services.

Motivation of Generation Y Members working in their Parents’ Businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Ondřej Hradský ◽  
Tomáš Sadílek
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future

This article looks at the working expectations and motivations of Generation Y members working in their parents’ businesses. The goal of this article is to identify how the working expectations and motivations of Generation Y members working in their parents’ businesses differ from the working expectations and motivations of Generation Y overall. Qualitative research design and in-depth unstructured interviews with 31 respondents were used to obtain the opinions of Generation Y members working in their parents’ businesses. Three main dimensions of working motivation were surveyed: the reasons for entering a family business, what work in a family business means, and general motivation to work. The principal findings of the article are the importance of work-life balance, flexibility, the opportunity for career development and the drive to continue one’s family tradition for Generation Y members working in their parents’ businesses. A sample of respondents added that they expect to be more involved in the operation of the family business in the future. A sample of our respondents also expected to be more involved in the operation of the family business in the future.

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