Role of interfacial energy and liquid diffusivities on pattern formation during thin-film three-phase eutectic growth

Gold thin film metallizations in microelectronic circuits have a distinct advantage over those consisting of aluminum because they are less susceptible to electromigration. When electromigration is no longer the principal failure mechanism, other failure mechanisms caused by d.c. stressing might become important. In gold thin-film metallizations, grain boundary grooving is the principal failure mechanism.Previous studies have shown that grain boundary grooving in gold films can be prevented by an indium underlay between the substrate and gold. The beneficial effect of the In/Au composite film is mainly due to roughening of the surface of the gold films, redistribution of indium on the gold films and formation of In2O3 on the free surface and along the grain boundaries of the gold films during air annealing.

Download Full-text

The main role of thermal annealing in controlling the structural and optical properties of ITO thin film layer

Optical Materials ◽

10.1016/j.optmat.2021.110866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 110866 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moustafa Ahmed ◽

Ahmed Bakry ◽

Ammar Qasem ◽

Hamed Dalir

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Optical Properties ◽

Thermal Annealing ◽

Main Role ◽

Structural And Optical Properties ◽

Thin Film Layer ◽

Film Layer

Download Full-text

Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cell: Role of Grain Boundaries and Defects in Copper–Zinc–Tin–Sulfide and Copper–Zinc–Tin–Selenide

physica status solidi (a) ◽

10.1002/pssa.202100039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100039

Author(s):

Lingam Sravani ◽

Soumyaranjan Routray ◽

Kumar Prasannajit Pradhan ◽

Maykel Courel Piedrahita

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Thin Film Solar Cell ◽

Tin Sulfide ◽

Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide ◽

Tin Selenide ◽

Copper Zinc

Download Full-text

EEG Correlates of Old/New Discrimination Performance Involving Abstract Figures and Non-Words

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 719

Author(s):

Monika Toth ◽

Anke Sambeth ◽

Arjan Blokland

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Discrimination Performance ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Memory Strength ◽

Verbal Stimuli ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Three Phase ◽

New Item

The processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli such as abstract figures and non-words is poorly understood. Here, we considered the role of memory strength in the discrimination process of such stimuli using a three-phase old/new recognition memory paradigm. Memory strength was manipulated as a function of the levels of processing (deep vs. shallow) and repetition. Behavioral results were matched to brain responses using EEG. We found that correct identification of the new abstract figures and non-words was superior to old item recognition when they were merely studied without repetition, but not when they were semantically processed or drawn. EEG results indicated that successful new item identification was marked by a combination of the absence of familiarity (N400) and recollection (P600) for the studied figures. For both the abstract figures and the non-words, the parietal P600 was found to differentiate between the old and new items (late old/new effects). The present study extends current knowledge on the processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar figurative and verbal stimuli by showing that their discrimination depends on experimentally induced memory strength and that the underlying brain processes differ. Nevertheless, the P600, similar to pre-experimentally familiar figures and words, likely reflects improved recognition memory of meaningless pictorial and verbal items.

Download Full-text

Turnover among medical clowns early in their career

Australian Journal of Career Development ◽

10.1177/1038416221994567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 106-116

Author(s):

Abira Reizer ◽

Meni Koslowsky ◽

Rivki Antilevich-Steg

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Humor Appreciation ◽

Three Phase ◽

Research Findings ◽

Turnover Behavior ◽

Actual Turnover

In recent years, several investigations of the medical clowning profession have appeared in the literature. However, few studies have focused on factors associated with turnover among medical clowns early in their careers. The current study examined whether individual differences in humor disposition predicted turnover behavior. Participants were 111 medical clowns in a three-phase longitudinal study. Humor disposition was measured in the first week of their training, clowns' job satisfaction two months later, and turnover six months after that. Results showed that humor appreciation decreased actual turnover through the mediating role of job satisfaction, whereas individual differences in humor creation directly decreased turnover. In addition, previous traumatic experiences moderated the associations between humor appreciation and turnover. Overall, our research findings support the notion that humor disposition can help predict which clowns remain in the hospital.

Download Full-text