Two-photon absorption laser assisted device alteration using continuous wave 1,340 nm laser

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1542-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Niu ◽  
Patrick Pardy ◽  
Jerry Fortier ◽  
Mel Ortega ◽  
Travis Eiles
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon

Two-Photon Absorption Laser Assisted Device Alteration Using 1340nm CW Laser: Critical Timing Fault Isolation & Localization for 32nm MPU and Beyond

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohua Niu ◽  
Pat Pardy ◽  
Joe Davis ◽  
Mel Ortega ◽  
Travis Eiles
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Solid Immersion Lens ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Critical Timing ◽  
Power Densities

Abstract In this paper, we report on the first observation and study of two-photon absorption (TPA) based laser assisted device alteration (LADA) using a continuous-wave (CW) 1340nm laser. The study was conducted using LADA systems equipped with high numerical aperture (NA) liquid and solid immersion lens objectives on Intel’s 45 nm and 32 nm multiprocessor units (MPU) and test chips. The power densities achievable using these lenses are similar to those reported in the literature for TPA in silicon of CW 1455nm light [1]. We show that the induced photocurrent has a quadratic dependence on the input laser power, a key indicator of two-photon phenomenon. Our results imply that even when using 1340nm wavelength CW lasers, there is a potential for laser invasiveness with the high power densities achievable using high NA objectives. Laser induced damage of the DUT is also a possibility at these high power densities, particularly with the solid immersion lens (SIL). However, we show that the DUT damage threshold can be increased by reducing the DUT’s temperature. Finally, we present results demonstrating a >40% improvement in localization of critical timing faults using TPA based LADA, when compared to traditional 1064nm wavelength (single-photon absorption) LADA.

Fast and sensitive nonlinear processes: bistability in CdHgTe

1984 ◽  
Vol 313 (1525) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Bistability ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Cadmium Mercury Telluride ◽  
Large Intensity ◽  
Mercury Telluride ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Fabry Perot

We discuss the origin and characteristics of the very large intensity-dependent changes in the refractive index of the semiconductor cadmium mercury telluride at 10.6 m. With continuous wave (c.w.) radiation and sample temperatures of 77 K nonlinear Fabry-Perot effects can be observed at powers as low as 1 mW. The Auger dominated recombination process and the thermal contributions to the refractive index make observations of optical bistability difficult with c.w. radiation. However, the use of a pulsed CO 2 laser and two-photon absorption of the radiation does lead to the observation of bistability at room temperature. We compare these results with the reported work on InSb.

scholarly journals Continuous-wave spontaneous lasing in mercury pumped by resonant two-photon absorption

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kolbe ◽  
Martin Scheid ◽  
Andreas Koglbauer ◽  
Jochen Walz
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Continuous-wave two-photon absorption in a Watt-class semiconductor optical amplifier

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 12387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Juodawlkis ◽  
Jason J. Plant ◽  
Joseph P. Donnelly ◽  
Ali Motamedi ◽  
Erich P. Ippen
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Optical Amplifier ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals CW Optical Limiting Study in Disperse Yellow Dye-doped PMMA-MA Polymer Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubrajyotsna Aithal ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
G. K. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Reverse Saturation Absorption ◽  
Cw Laser ◽  
Saturation Absorption

<div><p><em>Molecules with high two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section and the molecules which have reverse saturation absorption (RSA) cross section are of great interest today because of their application in three-dimensional optical data storage and photonic switches. During last forty years, several techniques have been developed to determine the two-photon absorption cross-sections and reverse saturation absorption cross-sections of the materials. This includes direct methods, such as nonlinear transmission and Z-scan methods and indirect methods, such as two-photon excited fluorescence and two-photon pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy. During recent years, the organic dye-doped polymer films getting more attention due to their advantages to fabricate photonics devices. In this paper, we have studied the nonlinear optical properties like nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of an azo dye Disperse yellow-7 (DY-7) doped in Polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid (PMMA-MA) polymer matrix using open aperture and closed aperture Z-scan experimental methods using continuous wave (CW) laser. The optical limiting properties of these films are also studied in Type 1 and Type 2 configurations at different input power using continuous wave (CW) laser beams of 532 nm wavelength.</em></p></div>

Two-photon absorption-based optical limiting in 2-(2-methoxybenzyllideneamino)-5-methylphenylmercuric chloride-doped PMMA film

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qusay Mohammed Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Pmma Film ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Cw Laser ◽  
Optical Power Limiting

The synthesis and the linear and optical limiting properties of a 2-(2-methoxybenzyllideneamino)-5-methylphenylmercuric chloride-doped poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film are described. The sample exhibits strong optical power limiting under continuous wave (cw) laser at the experimental wavelength. The mechanisms for the optical limiting were discussed on the basis of the two-photon absorption involved in the process. The nonlinear absorption coefficient β of the sample is estimated and its value is found to be 67 × 10-2 cm/W. Our study indicated that the investigated compound-doped PMMA film is a potential candidate for optical limiting applications in low power cw regime.

The Role of Free Carrier Absorption in LADA

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Erington ◽  
Dan Bodoh ◽  
Kris Dickson ◽  
George Lange
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Free Carrier ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Free Carrier Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Electron Hole Pair ◽  
Carrier Absorption

Abstract Laser-assisted device alteration (LADA) is an established technique used to identify critical speed paths in integrated circuit. In this paper, the characterization of continuous wave 1340nm laser induced currents and the LADA failure rate show that a two photon absorption explanation for the LADA effect is not plausible. The following sections confirm the results of a 28nm-node nMOS transistor using a 2.45NA solid immersion lens. The effects of global heating to that of local laser heating are then compared. The paper shows that the LADA response time to approximately 1300nm irradiation is &lt;&lt; 100ns. It explains LADA at approximately 1300nm, free carrier absorption in the silicon and in the local silicide layers, and presents selected 1320nm LADA images on 28nm-node devices. Finally, it shows 1064nm LADA images on the same structure that indicate that 1064nm interaction with transistors is related to free carrier absorption, rather than electron-hole pair creation.

Efficient Continuous-Wave Two-Photon Absorption in para-Phenylene-Type Polymers

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hohenau ◽  
C. Cagran ◽  
G. Kranzelbinder ◽  
U. Scherf ◽  
G. Leising
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Measurement of two-photon absorption by gold nanoparticles of different sizes photodeposited onto the core of an optical fibre

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Cuvas-Limón ◽  
J.G. Ortega-Mendoza ◽  
J.P. Padilla-Martínez ◽  
P. Zaca-Morán
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Coefficient ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
The Core

In this work, the study of two-photon absorption by gold nanoparticles of different diameters photodeposited onto the core of a single-mode optical fibre is presented. The photodeposition of nanoparticles with diameters of 10, 20, 50 and 100 nm was achieved using a continuous wave laser at a wavelength of 1550 nm and a power of 50 mW. Nonlinear optical characterization was carried out by using the P-scan technique of a high gain erbium doped fibre amplifier with pulses of 20 ns at a frequency of 10 kHz, that provides a maximum intensity of approximately 60 MW/cm2. The results show that for gold nanoparticles greater than 20 nm photodeposited onto the fibre, in both cases, the nonlinear coefficient as well as the third-order susceptibility increase as the diameter of the nanoparticles increases, describing a typical behaviour of the two-photon absorption. The obtained results can be used for the design of filters and optical limiters in the communications area.

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