Repair of long bone defects of large size using a tissue-engineered periosteum in a rabbit model

AbstractTissue engineering is a promising approach for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether tissue engineered periosteum (TEP), which was fabricated by combining osteogenically-induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), could restore long bone defects of large size in rabbits. Twenty-four adult New Zealand white rabbits (NZWRs) were used in the experiments. Long bone defects of large size (30 mm-50 mm; average, 40 mm) were established on both sides of NZWRs’ radii. The defects were treated with TEP (Group A), allogeneic deproteinized bone (DPB, Group B), TEP combined with DPB (Group C), and pure SIS (Group D). The healing outcome was evaluated by radiography and histological examination at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. The radiographical findings showed that bone defects of large size were all repaired in Groups A, B and C within 12 weeks, whereas Group D (pure SIS group) failed to result in defect healing at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Although there was some new bone regeneration connecting the allografts and bone ends, as observed under radiographical and histological observations, bone defects of large sizes were restored primarily by structurally allografted DPB within 12 weeks. The TEP groups (Groups A and C) showed partial or total bone regeneration upon histological inspection. Based on 12-week histological examinations, significantly more bone was formed in Group A than Group C (P < 0.05), and both groups formed significantly more bone than in Groups B and D. The results indicated that long bone defects of a large size could be restored by TEP or TEP combined with the DPB scaffold, and such materials provide an alternative approach to resolving pathological bone defects in clinical settings.

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Repairing Rabbit Radius Bone Defects with Simvastatin Compound Biological Bone

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2021.2710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1263-1270

Author(s):

Zhong-Yu Liu ◽

Jin-Li Zhang ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Shi-Lian Kan ◽

Jun Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Defect ◽

Maximum Stress ◽

Biomechanical Testing ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bending Test ◽

Bone Material ◽

X Ray ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of repairing rabbit radius bone defects with simvastatin compound biological bone. Methods: Simvastatin biological bone material was prepared, and osteoblasts were cultured. A total of 42 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, and a bone defect with a length of 15 mm was created at the middle part of the radial shaft of both limbs in each rabbit, thereby establishing a bone defect model. The grafts in group A were biological bones of osteoblasts combined with simvastatin; the grafts in group B were biological bones of simvastatin; the grafts in group C were biological compound bones of osteoblasts; and the grafts in group D were simple biological bones. In each group, four animals were randomly sacrificed at the sixth and twelfth week after surgery, and specimens were collected for gross observation, X-ray examination, histological observation, and biomechanical testing. In each group, two animals were randomly sacrificed at the twelfth week after surgery; a three-point bending test was performed using a biomechanical testing machine, and the results were compared with those of a normal radius. Results: The X-ray and histological examinations at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery revealed that the osteogenesis ability of the simvastatin biological bone and osteoblast-simvastatin biological bone was better than that of the osteoblast biological bone and simple biological bone, which was superior in group A and group B to group C and group D. The results of the biomechanical examination revealed that the maximum stress of the normal radius was significantly higher than that of the experimental groups. Among the experimental groups, the difference between group A and group B was not statistically significant, and the maximum stress was higher in groups A and B than in groups C and D. Conclusion: Simvastatin biological bone material can promote the repair of rabbit radius defects and increase the quality of bone healing.

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Creation of Tissue-Engineered Urethras for Large Urethral Defect Repair in a Rabbit Experimental Model

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.691131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Virginia Amesty ◽

Clara Ibel Chamorro ◽

Pedro López-Pereira ◽

María José Martínez-Urrutia ◽

Beatriz Sanz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rabbit Model ◽

Urothelial Cell ◽

Matrix Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Urothelial Cells ◽

Macroscopic Appearance ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Intestinal Submucosa ◽

Urethral Defect

Introduction: Tissue engineering is a potential source of urethral substitutes to treat severe urethral defects. Our aim was to create tissue-engineered urethras by harvesting autologous cells obtained by bladder washes and then using these cells to create a neourethra in a chronic large urethral defect in a rabbit model.Methods: A large urethral defect was first created in male New Zealand rabbits by resecting an elliptic defect (70 mm2) in the ventral penile urethra and then letting it settle down as a chronic defect for 5–6 weeks. Urothelial cells were harvested noninvasively by washing the bladder with saline and isolating urothelial cells. Neourethras were created by seeding urothelial cells on a commercially available decellularized intestinal submucosa matrix (Biodesign® Cook-Biotech®). Twenty-two rabbits were divided into three groups. Group-A (n = 2) is a control group (urethral defect unrepaired). Group-B (n = 10) and group-C (n = 10) underwent on-lay urethroplasty, with unseeded matrix (group-B) and urothelial cell-seeded matrix (group-C). Macroscopic appearance, radiology, and histology were assessed.Results: The chronic large urethral defect model was successfully created. Stratified urothelial cultures attached to the matrix were obtained. All group-A rabbits kept the urethral defect size unchanged (70 ± 2.5 mm2). All group-B rabbits presented urethroplasty dehiscence, with a median defect of 61 mm2 (range 34–70). In group-C, five presented complete correction and five almost total correction with fistula, with a median defect of 0.3 mm2 (range 0–12.5), demonstrating a significant better result (p = 7.85 × 10−5). Urethrography showed more fistulas in group-B (10/10, versus 5/10 in group-C) (p = 0.04). No strictures were found in any of the groups. Group-B histology identified the absence of ventral urethra in unrepaired areas, with squamous cell metaplasia in the edges toward the defect. In group-C repaired areas, ventral multilayer urothelium was identified with cells staining for urothelial cell marker cytokeratin-7.Conclusions: The importance of this study is that we used a chronic large urethral defect animal model and clearly found that cell-seeded transplants were superior to nonseeded. In addition, bladder washing was a feasible method for harvesting viable autologous cells in a noninvasive way. There is a place for considering tissue-engineered transplants in the surgical armamentarium for treating complex urethral defects and hypospadias cases.

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Investigation of the optimal rabbit model for aortic valve stenosis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

N Anousakis-Vlachochristou ◽

M Katsa ◽

A Panara ◽

A Varela ◽

M Kyriakidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Public Institution ◽

Funding Source ◽

Vitamin D2 ◽

Group A ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Abstract Background/Purpose Anatomically, hemodynamically relevant and validated animal models for aortic valve stenosis are of great need. Drolet rabbit model with tricuspid anatomy produced conflicting results for unclear reasons. We hypothesized that limitations concentrate in the regimen administration. We sought to evaluate multiple doses, ways of administration and time periods. Methods We included New Zealand rabbits in 4 groups: Group A (Drolet): was fed with normal chaw (nc)+0.5% cholesterol (chol)+3500 IUs Vitamin D2/kg (VD2, ergocalciferol, Sigma) in water daily for 12 weeks (wks), Group B: nc+0.5%chol+3500 IUs/kg VD2 in oil incorporated in a bisquit daily for 8 wks, Group C: nc+0.5%chol+8750 IUs/kg VD2 in oil-biscuit for 8 wks, Group D: nc+0.5%chol+17500 IUs VD2 in oil-biscuit for 8 wks vs controls (fed only with nc). After 12 and 8 wks the rabbits were sacrificed. Aortic valve area (AVA) and mean gradient (meanGr) were assessed with echocardiography (Vivid 7, M3S transducer, GE) and serum obtained, at baseline and before sacrifice. VD2 levels were evaluated through Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immuno Assay (CMIA, Abbott) and liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS). Animals received i.v. 18F-NaF one hour before sacrifice and valve was ex-vivo imaged with microPET/CT (Mediso nanoScan). Aortic cusps were analyzed with Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR, Nicolet 6700 spectrometer, OMNIC 7.3 software). Valves from surgical patients with severe stenosis served for comparison purposes. Results In Group A at 12 wks AVA and meanGr remained unchanged but biomineralization was detected with FT-IR with vibrations in the region of 1800–800 cm–1 demonstrating the deposition of CaCO3 and non-hydroxyapatite Ca3(PO4)2 identical to human lesion. Calcification was detected on cusps with 18F-NaF. VD2 levels were out of upper detection range with CMIA due to cross reaction, whereas all samples measured through LC-MS/MS were below the detection limit of the method (<19,1 ng/mL). Significant Assessment heterogeneity (RSD=27%) was observed on VD2 water regimen. In Group B, AVA changed from 0.5 cm2 to 0.4 cm2 and meanGr increased from 1.1 to 2.1 mmHg, p<0.05 and in Group C AVA: 0.5 cm2 to 0.3 cm2 and meanGr: 1 to 2.95 mmHg, p<0.05, while VD2 serum concentration were 511 ng/mL. In Group D animals die unexpectedly at 2 weeks, with autopsy revealing massive myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LVH) without compromise of the aortic valve. Conclusions The modified diet produces aortic valve stenosis and biomineralization detectable with 18F-NaF, chemically identical to human lesion. Very high doses of Vitamin D2 directly produce LVH, possibly leading to arrythmiogenesis. The modified high-fat-vitamin D2 rabbit model proved suitable for translational research of aortic valve stenosis disease. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

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Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

Ibrahim Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Rukshana Ahmed ◽

Shamim Ara

Keyword(s):

Prostate Gland ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Age Related ◽

Group A ◽

Key Words Prostate ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.22319/rmcp.v10i3.4528 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 536-551

Author(s):

Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽

María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽

Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽

Pablo Correa Girón † ◽

Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Strain ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Classical Swine Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Biometric Analysis ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

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The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000517180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Serdar Sahin ◽

Havva Sezer ◽

Ebru Cicek ◽

Yeliz Yagız Ozogul ◽

Murat Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Study Groups ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Care Providers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Introduction: The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Methods: We included the patients >18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight <25 kg/m2 (Group A), overweight from 25 to <30 kg/m2 (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to <35 kg/m2 (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m2 (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. Results: There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [p = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p < 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.010]). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.

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AB0422 LEFT VENTRICULAR ABNORMALITIES IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS FOLLOWED BY SEQUENTIAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1510.1-1511

Author(s):

T. Kuga ◽

M. Matsushita ◽

K. Tada ◽

K. Yamaji ◽

N. Tamura

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Systolic Dysfunction ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Monocyte Count ◽

Lv Dysfunction ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Lv Diastolic Dysfunction ◽

Group D

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is detected in up to 50% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients1and major cause of death2. Even clinically silent SLE patients can develop left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction3. Proper echocardiographic follow up of SLE patients is required.Objectives:To clarify how the prevalence of LV abnormalities changes over follow-up period and identify the associated clinical factors, useful in suspecting LV abnormalities.Methods:29 SLE patients (24 females and 5 men, mean age 52.8±16.3 years, mean disease duration 17.6±14.5 years) were enrolled. All of them underwent echocardiography as the baseline examination and reexamined over more than a year of follow-up period(mean 1075±480 days) from Jan 2014 to Sep 2019. Patients complicated with pulmonary artery hypertension, deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and underwent cardiac surgery during the follow-up period were excluded. Left ventricular(LV) systolic dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction (EF) < 50%. LV diastolic dysfunction was defined according to ASE/EACVI guideline4. LV dysfunction (LVD) includes one or both of LV systolic dysfunction and LV diastolic function. Monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) was calculated by dividing monocyte count with HDL-C level.Prevalence of left ventricular abnormalities was analysed at baseline and follow-up examination. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared among patient groups as follows; patients with LV dysfunction (Group A) and without LV dysfunction (Group B) at the follow-up echocardiography, patients with LV asynergy at any point of examination (Group C) and patients free of LV abnormalities during the follow-up period (Group D).Results:At the baseline examination, LV dysfunction (5/29 cases, 13.8%), LV asynergy (6/29 cases, 21.7%) were detected. Pericarditis was detected in 7 patients (24.1%, LVD in 3 patients, LV asynergy in 2 patients) and 2 of them with subacute onset had progressive LV dysfunction, while 5 patients were normal in echocardiography after remission induction therapy for SLE. At the follow-up examination, LV dysfunction (9/29 cases, 31.0%, 5 new-onset and 1 improved case), LV asynergy (6/29 cases, 21.7%, 2 new-onset and 2 improved cases) were detected. Though any significant differences were observed between Group A and Group B at the baseline, platelet count (156.0 vs 207.0, p=0.049) were significantly lower in LV dysfunction group (Group A) at the follow-up examination. Group C patients had significantly higher uric acid (p=0.004), monocyte count (p=0.009), and MHR (p=0.003) than Group D(results in table).Conclusion:LV dysfunction is progressive in most of patients and requires regular follow-up once they developed. Uric acid, monocyte count and MHR are elevated in SLE patients with LV asynergy. Since MHR elevation was reported as useful marker of endothelial dysfunction5, our future goal is to analyse involvement of monocyte activation and endothelial dysfunction in LV asynergy of SLE patients.References:[1]Doria A et al. Lupus. 2005;14(9):683-6.[2]Manger K et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Dec;61(12):1065-70.[3]Leone P et al. Clin Exp Med. 2019 Dec 17.[4]Nagueh SF et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016 Apr;29(4):277-314.[5]Acikgoz N et al. Angiology. 2018 Jan;69(1):65-70.Numbers are median (interquartile range), Mann-Whitney u test were performed, p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

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Prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon occlusion for patients with pernicious placenta previa: a retrospective study

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-021-01354-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fei Huo ◽

Hansheng Liang ◽

Yi Feng

Keyword(s):

Placenta Previa ◽

Balloon Occlusion ◽

Artery Embolism ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Clinical Records ◽

Group D ◽

Central Placenta Previa

Abstract Background Pernicious placenta previa (PPP) can increase the risk of perioperative complications. During caesarean section in patients with adherent placenta, intraoperative blood loss, hysterectomy rate and transfusion could be reduced by interventional methods. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of maternal hemodynamics control and neonatal outcomes of prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon (PTAAB) occlusion for patients with pernicious placenta previa. Methods This was a retrospective study using data from the Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2014 through January 2020. Clinical records of pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: treatment with PTAAB placement (group A) and no balloon placement (group B). Group A was further broken down into two groups: prophylactic placement (Group C) and balloon occlusion (group D). Results Clinical records of 33 cases from 5205 pregnant women underwent cesarean section were collected. The number of groups A, B, C, and D were 17, 16, 5 and 12.We found that a significant difference in the post-operative uterine artery embolism rates between group A and group B (0% vs.31.3%, p = 0.018). There was a significant difference in the Apgar scores at first minute between group A and group B (8.94 ± 1.43 vs 9.81 ± 0.75,p = 0.037),and the same significant difference between two groups in the pre-operative central placenta previa (29.4% vs. 0%,p = 0.044), complete placenta previa (58.8% vs 18.8%, p = 0.032),placenta implantation (76.5% vs 31.3%, p = 0.015). We could also observe the significant difference in the amount of blood cell (2.80 ± 2.68vs.10.66 ± 11.97, p = 0.038) and blood plasma transfusion (280.00 ± 268.32 vs. 1033.33 ± 1098.20, p = 0.044) between group C and group D. The significant differences in the preoperative vaginal bleeding conditions (0% vs 75%, p = 0.009), the intraoperative application rates of vasopressors (0% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.044) and the postoperative ICU (intensive care unit) admission rates (0% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.044) were also kept. Conclusions PTAAB occlusion could be useful in reducing the rate of post-operative uterine artery embolism and the amount of transfusion, and be useful in coping with patients with preoperative vaginal bleeding conditions, so as to reduce the rate of intraoperative applications of vasopressors and the postoperative ICU (intensive care unit) admission. In PPP patients with placenta implantation, central placenta previa and complete placenta previa, we advocate the utilization of prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon placement.

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Biomechanical study of Tile C3 pelvic fracture fixation using an anterior internal system combined with sacroiliac screws

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research ◽

10.1186/s13018-021-02348-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lin Liu ◽

Donggui Zeng ◽

Shicai Fan ◽

Yongxing Peng ◽

Hui Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Steel Plate ◽

Standing Position ◽

Pelvic Fractures ◽

Internal Fixator ◽

Sacroiliac Joints ◽

Sacroiliac Screws ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Abstract Background How to perform minimally-invasive surgery on Tile C pelvic fractures is very difficult, and it is also a hot topic in orthopedic trauma research. We applied minimally-invasive treatment using an anterior internal fixator combined with sacroiliac screws. Objectives To compare the biomechanical properties of different fixation models in pelvic facture specimens, using an internal fixation system or a steel plate combined with sacroiliac screws. Methods Sixteen fresh adult cadaver pelvic specimens were randomly separated into four groups named A, B, C, and D. The four groups were respectively stabilized using a two-screwed, three-screwed, or four-screwed anterior internal fixator or a steel plate with sacroiliac screws. All models were tested in both standing and sitting positions. Vertical loads of 600 N were applied increasingly. Shifts of bilateral sacroiliac joints and pubis rupture were measured. Results The shifts in sacroiliac joints and pubis rupture in the standing position were all less than 3.5 mm, and the shifts in the sitting position were all less than 1 mm. In the standing position, the results of shifts in the sacroiliac joints were group C < group D < group B < group A. For comparisons between A:B and C:D, P > 0.05. For comparisons between A, B:C, and D, P < 0.05. The results of shifts in pubis ruptures were group D < group C < group B < group A. In the comparison between C:D, P > 0.05; for comparisons between A:B, A:C, A:D, B:C, and B:D, P < 0.05. In the sitting posture, the results of shifts in the sacroiliac joints were group C < group D < group B < group A, and the shifts in the pubis ruptures were group D < group C < roup B < group A. For comparison between C:D, P > 0.05. For comparisons between A:B, A:C, A:D, B:C, and B:D, P < 0.05. Conclusion Use of an anterior internal fixator combined with sacroiliac screws effectively stabilized Tile C3 pelvic fractures. The stability of specimens increased as the number of screws in the internal fixator increased.

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Hematological Features in Sheep with IgG and IgM Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽

Victoria M. Spanou ◽

Eleni G. Katsogiannou ◽

Panagiotis D. Katsoulos

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D ◽

Immunofluorescence Antibody

Exposure of sheep to Borreliaburgdorferi sensulato (s.I.) complex, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), has been reported in tick-abundant areas worldwide, while no data have been reported in Greece. The aim of the study was to identify the hematological alterations in sheep with seropositivity against Borrelia burgdorferi (s.I.). Blood samples were obtained from 318 tick infested sheep for blood analysis and serological determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against B. burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay after exclusion of endo-ectoparasites and other tick-borne infections. A total number of 162 sheep met the inclusion criteria, allocated in four groups based on the presence or absence of IgG and/or IgM; sheep found negative for IgM and IgG (Group A), positive for IgM (Group B), positive for both IgM and IgG (Group C) and positive for IgG (Group D). Anemia, thrombocytopenia and normal or decreased leukocyte count, mainly due to lymphopenia were the main hematological features observed in seropositive sheep. The presence of these features raises the suspicion of Borrelia infection in tick infested sheep. The seropositivity of 23.58% in sheep raises concerns of Borrelia circulation, especially in rural areas and potential risk of transmission to humans.

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