scholarly journals Reaching Out to Big Losers: How Different Types of Gamblers are Affected by a Brief Motivational Contact Initiated by the Gambling Provider

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Jonsson ◽  
David C. Hodgins ◽  
Ingrid Munck ◽  
Per Carlbring
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Telephone Contact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Motivational Interventions ◽  
High Expenditure

Abstract Telephone and letter-based motivational interventions with high expenditure gamblers have significant short and long term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This report examines how different subtypes of gamblers, based upon patterns of play, are differentially affected. A randomized controlled trial design with three conditions (n = 1003 in each): feedback intervention by letter, telephone or a no-contact control condition. Subtypes of gamblers were derived by latent class analyses (LCA) based upon gambling behavior pre intervention. The participants were customers of Norsk Tipping gambling platforms. 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age, and net losses. Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss (TL), derived from the Norsk Tipping customer database. The LCA identified six subtypes: High Casino, High Sport, High Lottery, High Video lottery terminal (VLT), Lottery/Mix and Bingo/Casino. There were almost no differences in change in TL between the six subtypes of gamblers receiving the letter or telefone interventions respectively. However, the choice of contact by letter or telephone did have different effects for the different gambling subtypes. Sending a letter seems like a cost effective alternative to telephone contact for the High Lottery type, but telephone contact performs better for High Casino, High Sport and High VLT customers. Responsible gambling interventions can be improved by subtyping of gamblers.

Economic evaluation of a crisis resolution service: A randomised controlled trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul McCrone ◽  
Sonia Johnson ◽  
Fiona Nolan ◽  
Stephen Pilling ◽  
Andrew Sandor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Crisis Resolution ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

SummaryAims – The use of specialised services to avoid admission to hospital for people experiencing mental health crises is seen as an integral part of psychiatric services in some countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact on costs and costeffectiveness of a crisis resolution team (CRT). Methods – Patients who were experiencing mental health crises sufficient for admission to be considered were randomised to either care provided by a CRT or standard services. The primary outcome measure was inpatient days over a six-month follow-up period. Service use was measured, costs calculated and cost-effectiveness assessed. Results – Patients receiving care from the CRT had non-inpatient costs £768 higher than patients receiving standard care (90% CI, £153 to £1375). With the inclusion of inpatient costs the costs for the CRT group were £2438 lower for the CRT group (90% CI, £937 to £3922). If one less day spent as an inpatient was valued at £100, there would be a 99.5% likelihood of the CRT being costeffective. Conclusion – This CRT was shown to be cost-effective for modest values placed on reductions in inpatient stays.

scholarly journals Modeling Early Gambling Behavior Using Indicators from Online Lottery Gambling Tracking Data: Longitudinal Analysis

10.2196/17675 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e17675
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Challet-Bouju ◽  
Jean-Benoit Hardouin ◽  
Elsa Thiabaud ◽  
Anaïs Saillard ◽  
Yann Donnio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Internet Gambling ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Gambling Activity ◽  
Lottery Gambling

Background Individuals who gamble online may be at risk of gambling excessively, but internet gambling also provides a unique opportunity to monitor gambling behavior in real environments which may allow intervention for those who encounter difficulties. Objective The objective of this study was to model the early gambling trajectories of individuals who play online lottery. Methods Anonymized gambling‐related records of the initial 6 months of 1152 clients of the French national lottery who created their internet gambling accounts between September 2015 and February 2016 were analyzed using a two-step approach that combined growth mixture modeling and latent class analysis. The analysis was based upon behavior indicators of gambling activity (money wagered and number of gambling days) and indicators of gambling problems (breadth of involvement and chasing). Profiles were described based upon the probabilities of following the trajectories that were identified for the four indicators, and upon several covariates (age, gender, deposits, type of play, net losses, voluntary self-exclusion, and Playscan classification—a responsible gambling tool that provides each player with a risk assessment: green for low risk, orange for medium risk and red for high risk). Net losses, voluntary self-exclusion, and Playscan classification were used as external verification of problem gambling. Results We identified 5 distinct profiles of online lottery gambling. Classes 1 (56.8%), 2 (14.8%) and 3 (13.9%) were characterized by low to medium gambling activity and low values for markers of problem gambling. They displayed low net losses, did not use the voluntary self-exclusion measure, and were classified predominantly with green Playscan tags (range 90%-98%). Class 4 (9.7%) was characterized by medium to high gambling activity, played a higher breadth of game types (range 1-6), and had zero to few chasing episodes. They had high net losses but were classified with green (66%) or orange (25%) Playscan tags and did not use the voluntary self-exclusion measure. Class 5 (4.8%) was characterized by medium to very high gambling activity, played a higher breadth of game types (range 1-17), and had a high number of chasing episodes (range 0-5). They experienced the highest net losses, the highest proportion of orange (32%) and red (39%) tags within the Playscan classification system and represented the only class in which voluntary self-exclusion was present. Conclusions Classes 1, 2, 3 may be considered to represent recreational gambling. Class 4 had higher gambling activity and higher breadth of involvement and may be representative of players at risk for future gambling problems. Class 5 stood out in terms of much higher gambling activity and breadth of involvement, and the presence of chasing behavior. Individuals in classes 4 and 5 may benefit from early preventive measures.

scholarly journals Incredible Years parenting programme: cost-effectiveness and implementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Tudor Edwards ◽  
Carys Jones ◽  
Vashti Berry ◽  
Joanna Charles ◽  
Pat Linck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
Parenting Programme ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Purpose – There is growing interest in the economic evaluation of public health prevention initiatives and increasing government awareness of the societal costs of conduct disorder in early childhood. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the Incredible Years (IY) BASIC parenting programme compared with a six-month waiting list control. Design/methodology/approach – Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of a group-parenting programme. The primary outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a measure of child behaviour. Findings – The IY programme was found to have a high probability of being cost-effective, shifting an additional 23 per cent of children from above the clinical concern to below the cut-off on the SDQ compared to the control group, at a cost ranging from £1612-£2418 per child, depending on the number of children in the group. Originality/value – The positive findings of this study have led to ongoing implementation of the IY programme and is therefore an example of commitment to evidence-based service provision and investment in prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals Impact of Warning Pop-Up Messages on the Gambling Behavior, Craving, and Cognitions of Online Gamblers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Caillon ◽  
Marie Grall-Bronnec ◽  
Anaïs Saillard ◽  
Juliette Leboucher ◽  
Morgane Péré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
The Impact

Background: Many features of Internet gambling may impact problem severity, particularly for vulnerable populations (availability, anonymity, a convenience and ease of play, digital forms of payment, and a higher level of immersion). To prevent the risks associated with excessive gambling and to inform gamblers, we need responsible gambling strategies. Gambling-related warning messages are one possible strategy that can help minimizing gambling-related harm.Methods: Our experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-appraisal and informative pop-up messages compared to a control condition (blank pop-up messages), for both at-risk (ARG) and low risk/non-problem Internet gamblers (LR/NPG) according to their favorite type of game, in a semi naturalistic setting and with a 15-day follow-up. During the experimental session, participants were invited to gamble on their favorite website with their own money in the laboratory. Effectiveness was investigated through the impact of pop-ups on gambling behavior (money wagered and time spent), craving, cognitive distortions, and gambling experience, taking into account message recall. We analyzed data from 58 participants, playing preferentially either to skill and chance bank games (sports betting, horse race betting) and skill and chance social games (poker).Results: We observed a significant decrease in the illusion of control for ARG in the informative pop-up condition at the 15-day follow-up. A significant effect of self-appraisal pop-ups compared to blank pop-up messages was also demonstrated only for sport and horse bettors, with a decrease on time spent gambling and an increase of gambling-related expectancies at the follow-up. Finally, we also observed that a majority of the participants were disturbed and irritated by pop-ups during their gambling session.Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated the limited impact of pop-up warning messages on gambling behavior and cognition in Internet gamblers according to the type of game and the status of gamblers. The limited impact of warning messages on gambling behavior and the inconvenience of the pop-ups for Internet gamblers lead us to only consider warning messages as one piece of a larger responsible gambling strategy.Trial Registration Number: NCT01789580 on February 12, 2013.

scholarly journals Modeling Early Gambling Behavior Using Indicators from Online Lottery Gambling Tracking Data: Longitudinal Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Challet-Bouju ◽  
Jean-Benoit Hardouin ◽  
Elsa Thiabaud ◽  
Anaïs Saillard ◽  
Yann Donnio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Internet Gambling ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Gambling Activity ◽  
Lottery Gambling

BACKGROUND Individuals who gamble online may be at risk of gambling excessively, but internet gambling also provides a unique opportunity to monitor gambling behavior in real environments which may allow intervention for those who encounter difficulties. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to model the early gambling trajectories of individuals who play online lottery. METHODS Anonymized gambling‐related records of the initial 6 months of 1152 clients of the French national lottery who created their internet gambling accounts between September 2015 and February 2016 were analyzed using a two-step approach that combined growth mixture modeling and latent class analysis. The analysis was based upon behavior indicators of gambling activity (money wagered and number of gambling days) and indicators of gambling problems (breadth of involvement and chasing). Profiles were described based upon the probabilities of following the trajectories that were identified for the four indicators, and upon several covariates (age, gender, deposits, type of play, net losses, voluntary self-exclusion, and Playscan classification—a responsible gambling tool that provides each player with a risk assessment: green for low risk, orange for medium risk and red for high risk). Net losses, voluntary self-exclusion, and Playscan classification were used as external verification of problem gambling. RESULTS We identified 5 distinct profiles of online lottery gambling. Classes 1 (56.8%), 2 (14.8%) and 3 (13.9%) were characterized by low to medium gambling activity and low values for markers of problem gambling. They displayed low net losses, did not use the voluntary self-exclusion measure, and were classified predominantly with green Playscan tags (range 90%-98%). Class 4 (9.7%) was characterized by medium to high gambling activity, played a higher breadth of game types (range 1-6), and had zero to few chasing episodes. They had high net losses but were classified with green (66%) or orange (25%) Playscan tags and did not use the voluntary self-exclusion measure. Class 5 (4.8%) was characterized by medium to very high gambling activity, played a higher breadth of game types (range 1-17), and had a high number of chasing episodes (range 0-5). They experienced the highest net losses, the highest proportion of orange (32%) and red (39%) tags within the Playscan classification system and represented the only class in which voluntary self-exclusion was present. CONCLUSIONS Classes 1, 2, 3 may be considered to represent recreational gambling. Class 4 had higher gambling activity and higher breadth of involvement and may be representative of players at risk for future gambling problems. Class 5 stood out in terms of much higher gambling activity and breadth of involvement, and the presence of chasing behavior. Individuals in classes 4 and 5 may benefit from early preventive measures.

scholarly journals Short-term and long-term effectiveness of an e-coaching application; the INHERIT project

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Spelt ◽  
P Karnaki ◽  
T Tsiampalis ◽  
M Kouvari ◽  
A Petralias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Eu Project

Abstract Background Lifestyle e-coaching applications have the potential to be successful in changing people’s lifestyles although it is unclear whether such support would indeed help people with lower socioeconomic status (SES). The aim of the present study, conducted within the INHERIT EU project, was to investigate the effectiveness of a lifestyle e-coaching application in increasing physical activity (PA) in lower SES groups and whether such an increase is sustained after its prolonged use. Methods A two-site (Greece: N = 105, Netherlands: N = 89), two arm [Greece: 50 (experimental) and 55 (control), Netherlands: 45 (experimental) and 44 (control)], parallel group, randomized controlled trial proceeded in three phases over 19 weeks, comparing PA (as measured by the IPAQ questionnaire) of participants using a lifestyle e-coaching application with participants not using any such application. Inclusion criteria involved participants to be in low SES, have an age of 18-65 years and an estimated level of physical activity of less than 210 minutes/week, while they needed to possess a smartphone, willing to install the application and being fluent in Dutch or Greek. Results Results showed that the use of the app significantly improved participants’ PA in both countries, at 6 (Greece: p = 0.015, Netherlands: p = 0.003) and 19 weeks (Greece: p = 0.002, Netherlands: p < 0.001), while the effect was even higher for low physically active participants as measured at baseline, after both time periods. Compared to the control group, after adjusting for several characteristics, the experimental group achieved a better improvement of PA at 19 weeks compared to baseline (p = 0.006) and week 6 (p = 0.007). Conclusions Positive effects on participants’ PA after 19 weeks were observed, with the findings suggesting that the longer the application is used, the greater the improvement of PA, while the effect was more obvious among those following a sedentary lifestyle as measured at baseline. Key messages E-coaching applications could be useful in promoting physical activity among people from low SES. E-coaching applications are cost effective and environmentally friendly methods of promoting physical activity. Uptake by national health systems should be examined further.

The Evolution of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Positive Effects

In 1996, the first Report of the US Surgeon General on Physical Activity and Health provided an extensive knowledge overview about the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on several health outcomes and PA recommendations. This contributed to an enhanced interest for PA in Sweden. The Swedish Professional Associations for Physical Activity (YFA) were appointed to form a Scientific Expert Group in the project “Sweden on the Move” and YFA created the idea of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) and the production of a handbook (FYSS) for healthcare professionals. In Swedish primary care, licensed healthcare professionals, i.e. physicians, physiotherapists and nurses, can prescribe PA if they have sufficient knowledge about the patient’s current state of health, how PA can be used for promotion, prevention and treatment and are trained in patient-centred counselling and the FaR method. The prescription is followed individually or by visiting local FaR providers. These include sport associations, patient organisations, municipal facilities, commercial providers such as gyms, sports clubs and walking clubs or other organisations with FaR educated staff such as health promoters or personal trainers. In clinical practice, the FaR method increases the level of PA in primary care patients, at 6 and at 12 months. Self-reported adherence to the prescription was 65% at 6 months, similar to the known compliance for medications. In a randomised controlled trial, FaR significantly improved body composition and reduced metabolic risk factors. It is suggested that a successful implementation of PA in healthcare depends on a combination of a systems approach (socio-ecological model) and the strengthening of individual motivation and capability. General support from policymakers, healthcare leadership and professional associations is important. To lower barriers, tools for implementation and structures for delivery must be readily available. Examples include handbooks such as FYSS, the FaR system and the use of pedometers.

scholarly journals Effect of leg wrapping technique on prevention of spinal induced hypotension and fetal acidosis during cesarean section: Randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Samah Nasser Abd El-Aziz El-Shora ◽  
Amina Mohamed Rashad El-Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wrapping Technique

Background and aim: Hypotension during cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia has been a subject of scientific study for more than 50 years and the search for the most effective strategy to achieve hemodynamic stability remains challenging. Aim: The study was carried out to apply leg wrapping technique for the prevention of spinal-induced hypotension (SIH) during CS.Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial design was utilized at cesarean delivery operating room Mansoura General Hospital in El-Mansoura City during the period from May 2018 to November 2018. A purposive sample of 88 pregnant women, assigned randomly to an intervention group (n = 44) in which their legs wrapped with elastic crepe bandage and control group (n = 44) in which no wrapping was done. Data collected for maternal, neonatal hemodynamic and signs of hypotension, the feasibility of application and cost analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of SIH and Ephedrine use among both groups (18.20% in leg wrapping group whereas 75% in control group). In addition, neonatal acidosis and NICU admission were less among leg wrapping group (11.40%, 9.10% respectively). Economically, leg wrapping technique was cost effective compared to the cost of the hospital regimen for treating SIH and admission to (NICU).Conclusion and recommendations: Leg wrapping technique was cost effective and an efficient method for decreasing SIH, neonatal acidosis and Ephedrine administration. It is recommended to apply leg wrapping technique in maternal hospitals' protocol of care for decreasing SIH during CS.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of DHA- and EPA-Rich Oils on Sleep in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Michael J. Patan ◽  
David O. Kennedy ◽  
Cathrine Husberg ◽  
Svein Olaf Hustvedt ◽  
Philip C. Calder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Oily Fish

Emerging evidence suggests that adequate intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), might be associated with better sleep quality. N-3 PUFAs, which must be acquired from dietary sources, are typically consumed at suboptimal levels in Western diets. Therefore, the current placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial, investigated the effects of an oil rich in either DHA or EPA on sleep quality in healthy adults who habitually consumed low amounts of oily fish. Eighty-four participants aged 25–49 years completed the 26-week intervention trial. Compared to placebo, improvements in actigraphy sleep efficiency (p = 0.030) and latency (p = 0.026) were observed following the DHA-rich oil. However, these participants also reported feeling less energetic compared to the placebo (p = 0.041), and less rested (p = 0.017), and there was a trend towards feeling less ready to perform (p = 0.075) than those given EPA-rich oil. A trend towards improved sleep efficiency was identified in the EPA-rich group compared to placebo (p = 0.087), along with a significant decrease in both total time in bed (p = 0.032) and total sleep time (p = 0.019) compared to the DHA-rich oil. No significant effects of either treatment were identified for urinary excretion of the major melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. This study was the first to demonstrate some positive effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in healthy adult normal sleepers, and provides novel evidence showing the differential effects of n-3 PUFA supplements rich in either DHA or EPA. Further investigation into the mechanisms underpinning these observations including the effects of n-3 PUFAs on sleep architecture are required.

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