scholarly journals Correction to: A Composite Measure of Gambling Exposure: Availability, Accessibility or Both?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ofori Dei ◽  
D. R. Christensen ◽  
O. A. Awosoga ◽  
B. K. Lee ◽  
A. C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Composite Measure

scholarly journals Just world beliefs, personal success and beliefs in conspiracy theories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Just World Beliefs ◽  
Just World ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Ideology ◽  
Personal Success

AbstractDo those who believe in conspiracy theories feel less happy and healthy than others? Do they believe the world is simply unjust? This study was concerned with how demographic factors, personal ratings of success, personal ideology (political and religious beliefs) and Just World Beliefs are related to Conspiracy Theories. In total, 406 participants completed two questionnaires: Just World scale (Rubin & Peplau, 1975) and Conspiracy Theories Inventory (Swami et al., 2010) and provided various personal details. The Just World Scale yielded two scores: Just and Unjust beliefs. Participants also reported on their health, happiness and success and a reliable composite measure of well-being was computed. A regression showed younger males, with Unjust World beliefs and politically right-wing views, were more likely to endorse Conspiracy Theories. The discussion revolved around explaining individual differences in accepting these theories. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Rurality and Party System Fragmentation in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-85
Author(s):  
Cletus Famous Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Party System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Singular Measures ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of rurality on party system fragmentation in the Nigerian presidential elections of the fourth republic. The findings show that party system fragmentation (PSF) has been characteristically low in the Nigerian presidential elections and rurality does not significantly predict party system fragmentation. Rurality has a negative effect on PSF in all the elections studied except the 2003 election but only significant in the 2011 poll. Thus, the paper cast doubt on previous studies that indicate that striking rural-urban differences manifest in party system fragmentation in African elections and attribute it to previous studies’ measure of rurality. The paper argues that the use of a composite measure of rurality instead of singular measures of rurality might provide better analysis that helps us understand the effect of rurality on party systems. Also, it argues that in the study of the rural-urban difference in voting behaviour or political behaviours more broadly, data should be aggregated based on cities and non-city areas because cities have distinctive urban characters compared with non-city places. Analyses done on states or constituencies level may not reveal the rural-urban difference because states and constituencies usually have a mix of rural and urban population and other characteristics.

scholarly journals Composite risk and benefit from adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Puglisi ◽  
Lorenzo Gerratana ◽  
Matteo Lambertini ◽  
Marcello Ceppi ◽  
Luca Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Node Positive ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Dose Dense

AbstractThe GIM2 phase III trial demonstrated the benefit of dose-dense chemotherapy in node-positive early breast cancer (eBC). To better define the dose-dense effect in the hormone receptor-positive subgroup, we evaluated its benefit through a composite measure of recurrence risk. We conducted an ancillary analysis of the GIM2 trial evaluating the absolute treatment effect through a composite measure of recurrence risk (CPRS) in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative eBC. CPRS was estimated through Cox proportional hazards models applied to the different clinicopathological features. The treatment effect was compared to the values of CPRS by using the Sub-population Treatment Effect Pattern Plot (STEPP) process. The Disease-Free Survival (DFS)-oriented STEPP analysis showed distinct patterns of relative treatment effect with respect to CPRS. Overall, 5-year DFS differed across CPRS quartiles ranging from 95.2 to 66.4%. Each CPRS quartile was characterized by a different patients’ composition, especially for age, lymph node involvement, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, and Ki-67. A number needed to treat of 154 and 6 was associated with the lowest and the highest CPRS quartile, respectively. Dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy showed a consistent benefit in node-positive eBC patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative disease, but its effect varied according to CPRS.

scholarly journals Correction: Bed Net Durability Assessments: Exploring a Composite Measure of Net Damage

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0133105
Author(s):  
Jodi L. Vanden Eng ◽  
Adeline Chan ◽  
Ana Paula Abílio ◽  
Adam Wolkon ◽  
Gabriel Ponce de Leon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bed Net ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Net Durability

Sa1400 A Composite Measure of Colonic Intubation (Circ) Is Better Able to Distinguish Performance of Colonoscopy and Is Associated With Higher Polyp Detection Rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. AB197-AB198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland M. Valori ◽  
Daniel Gavin ◽  
Sarah Damery ◽  
Edwin Swarbrick ◽  
Mark Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Measure ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Detection Rates

MP5-20 NOTABLE OUTCOMES AND TRACKABLE EVENTS AFTER SURGERY (NOTES): A COMPOSITE MEASURE TO ASSESS UNCOMPLICATED RECOVERY AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacie Myers ◽  
Khurshid Ghani ◽  
Rodney Dunn ◽  
Brian Lane ◽  
Yuqing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Composite Measure

scholarly journals Shared Decision-Making and Women’s Adherence to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screenings

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayoung Han ◽  
Paiboon Jungsuwadee ◽  
Olufunmilola Abraham ◽  
Dongwoo Ko
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screenings ◽  
Screening Adherence

We examined the effect of shared decision-making (SDM) on women’s adherence to breast and cervical cancer screenings and estimated the prevalence and adherence rate of screenings. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design using the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data collected by the National Cancer Institute. Adherence was defined based on the guidelines from the American Cancer Society and the composite measure of shared decision-making was constructed using three items in the data. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between the SDM and adherence, controlling for cancer beliefs and socio-demographic variables. The analysis included 742 responses. Weighted to represent the U.S. population, 68.1% adhered to both breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines. The composite measure of SDM was reliable (α = 0.85), and a higher SDM score was associated with women’s screening adherence (b = 0.17; p = 0.009). There were still women who did not receive cancer screenings as recommended. The results suggest that the use of the SDM approach for healthcare professionals’ communication with patients can improve screening adherence.

scholarly journals Trends in Performance and Opportunities for Improvement on a Composite Measure of Acute Myocardial Infarction Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar R. Desai ◽  
Jacob A. Udell ◽  
Yongfei Wang ◽  
Erica S. Spatz ◽  
Kumar Dharmarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Composite Measure

scholarly journals 0854 Exploration Of Sleep Health Among Middle-aged And Older Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A325-A325
Author(s):  
R A Lorenz ◽  
S L Auerbach ◽  
C Li ◽  
Y Chang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Introduction Sleep health, a construct introduced to characterize the multidimensional attributes of sleep, has been explored in a variety of populations; however has not been adequately examined for middle-aged and older adults. As attributes of sleep may change with age, the dimensional structure of sleep health may differ in this population. This study aimed to validate a composite measure of sleep health among middle-aged and older adults using data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). Methods Data from the 2014 Core survey of the HRS was used to create a composite measure of Sleep Health including sleep efficiency, duration, timing, satisfaction, and alertness. We standardized and averaged the original variables before transforming to T scores. Sleep Health T scores (ranging 0-100, higher scores indicating better sleep health) were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA; CFA). Results Our sample included 6,095 adults with mean age of 68 years (SD=10.1; range 50-99 years). The majority were female (59.7%), white (77%), with high school education (53.9%). Sleep Health T scores ranged from 27-61 (mean=50; SD=6.7). EFA identified one factor. Timing was removed due to low factor loading (<0.4). The revised four-dimension composite Sleep Health measure had acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.6). CFA showed a well-adjusted model (REMSA=0.097; NFI=0.964; RMR=0.035; GFI=0.990; AGFI=0.951). Conclusion These results suggest that the composite measure was valid for assessing sleep health among middle-aged and older adults. Limitations include the use of secondary data, as sleep health dimensions were based on variables not created specifically for our research question. Future research should further examine the role of sleep timing in overall sleep health among middle-aged and older adults. Support This study was supported by the University at Buffalo Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) funded by the National Institutes of Health (Lorenz, PI).

scholarly journals Developing a composite outcome measure for frailty prevention trials – rationale, derivation and sample size comparison with other candidate measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles D. Witham ◽  
James Wason ◽  
Richard M Dodds ◽  
Avan A Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Prevention Trials

Abstract Introduction Frailty is the loss of ability to withstand a physiological stressor, and is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in older people. Trials to prevent or ameliorate frailty are in their infancy. A range of different outcome measures have been proposed, but current measures require either large sample sizes, long follow-up, or do not directly measure the construct of frailty. Methods We propose a composite outcome for frailty prevention trials, comprising progression to the frail state, death, or being too unwell to continue in a trial. To determine likely event rates, we used data from the English Longitudinal Study for Ageing, collected 4 years apart. We calculated transition rates between non-frail, prefrail, frail or loss to follow up due to death or illness. We used Markov state transition models to interpolate one- and two-year transition rates, and performed sample size calculations for a range of differences in transition rates using simple and composite outcomes. Results The frailty category was calculable for 4650 individuals at baseline (2226 non-frail, 1907 prefrail, 517 frail); at follow up, 1282 were non-frail, 1108 were prefrail, 318 were frail and 1936 had dropped out or were unable to complete all tests for frailty. Transition probabilities for those prefrail at baseline, measured at wave 4 were respectively 0.176, 0.286, 0.096 and 0.442 to non-frail, prefrail, frail and dead/dropped out. Interpolated transition probabilities were 0.159, 0.494, 0.113 and 0.234 at two years, and 0.108, 0.688, 0.087 and 0.117 at one year. Required sample sizes for a two-year outcome were between 1000 and 7200 for transition from prefrailty to frailty alone, 250 to 1600 for transition to the composite measure, and 75 to 350 using the composite measure with an ordinal logistic regression approach. Conclusion Use of a composite outcome for frailty trials offers reduced sample sizes and could ameliorate the effect of high loss to follow up inherent in such trials due to death and illness.

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