Childhood ADHD Symptoms, Parent Emotion Socialization, and Adolescent Peer Problems: Indirect Effects Through Emotion Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia D. McQuade ◽  
Rosanna Breaux ◽  
Arianna E. Mordy ◽  
Daria Taubin
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Socialization ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Parent Emotion Socialization

scholarly journals What explains the link between childhood ADHD and adolescent depression? Investigating the role of peer relationships and academic attainment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1581-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Powell ◽  
Lucy Riglin ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Olga Eyre ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Academic Attainment ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract There is increasing evidence that childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) elevates risk of later depression, but the mechanisms behind this association are unclear. We investigated the relationship between childhood ADHD symptoms and late-adolescent depressive symptoms in a population cohort, and examined whether academic attainment and peer problems mediated this association. ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) is an ongoing prospective longitudinal population-based UK cohort that has collected data since September 1990. 2950 individuals with data on parent-reported ADHD symptoms in childhood (7.5 years) and self-reported depressive symptoms in late adolescence (17.5 years) were included in analyses. 2161 individuals with additional data at age 16 years on parent-reported peer problems as an indicator of peer relationships and formal examination results (General Certificate of Secondary Education; GCSE) as an indicator of academic attainment were included in mediation analyses. Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with higher depressive symptoms (b = 0.49, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and an increased odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.41, p < 0.001). The association with depressive symptoms was mediated in part by peer problems and academic attainment which accounted for 14.68% and 20.13% of the total effect, respectively. Childhood ADHD is associated with increased risk of later depression. The relationship is mediated in part by peer relationships and academic attainment. This highlights peer relationships and academic attainment as potential targets of depression prevention and intervention in those with ADHD. Future research should investigate which aspects of peer relationships are important in conferring later risk for depression.

ADHD, Religiosity, and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescence and Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472097280
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Dew ◽  
Scott H. Kollins ◽  
Harold G. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Mediation And Moderation

Objective: Religiosity has been repeatedly proposed as protective in the development of depression, sociopathy and addictions. ADHD frequently co-occurs with these same conditions. Although ADHD symptoms may affect religious practice, religiosity in ADHD remains unexplored. Method: Analyses examined data from >8000 subjects aged 12 to 34 in four waves of the Add Health Study. Relationships of religious variables with childhood ADHD symptoms were statistically evaluated. Observed correlations of ADHD symptoms to depression, delinquency, and substance use were tested for mediation and moderation by religiosity. Results: ADHD symptoms correlated with lower levels of all religious variables at nearly all waves. In some analyses at Wave IV, prayer and attendance interacted with ADHD to predict worsened psychopathology. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms predicted lower engagement in religious life. In adulthood, some aspects of religiosity interacted with ADHD symptoms to predict worse outcomes. Further research should explore whether lower religiosity partially explains prevalent comorbidities in ADHD.

scholarly journals Longer-Term Outcomes of the Incredible Years Parenting Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geertjan Overbeek ◽  
Jolien van Aar ◽  
Bram Orobio de Castro ◽  
Walter Matthys ◽  
Joyce Weeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Parenting Intervention ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
The Incredible Years

Abstract Conduct problems can develop into behavior disorders and put children at risk for other mental health problems. Parenting interventions have been shown to successfully reduce conduct problems and are often expected to prevent the development of broader mental health problems. Few studies have evaluated the longer-term and broader effects of these interventions. To what extent are parenting intervention effects sustained in the years after the intervention? And do effects pertain to conduct problems specifically, or do they also affect broader aspects of children’s mental health? We used a randomized controlled trial to assess the longer-term (2.5 years) effects of the Incredible Years parenting intervention on children’s conduct problems in an indicated prevention setting (N = 387; 79% retention rate). Using a multi-method (survey and computerized tasks) and multi-informant (parents, teachers, and children) approach, we tested whether initial effects on conduct problems were sustained, and whether Incredible Years had broader effects on children’s peer problems, emotional problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, attention and inhibition deficits, and service use. Incredible Years, relative to control (no intervention), led to sustained reductions in parent-reported conduct problems (Cohen’s d = 0.31), but not teacher- and child-reported conduct problems. There were no broader benefits: Incredible Years did not reduce children’s peer problems, emotional problems, ADHD-symptoms, attention and inhibition deficits, or their service use. Improvements in parents’ perceptions of child conduct problems sustained until 2.5 years later. Our findings do not show benefits of Incredible Years as a preventive intervention for children’s broader mental health.

scholarly journals T76. RETROSPECTIVE ADHD SYMPTOMS IN EARLY PSYCHOSIS: RELATION TO CURRENT CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S260-S261
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ereshefsky ◽  
Vanessa Zarubin ◽  
Valerie Tryon ◽  
Tyler Lesh ◽  
Cameron Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background Individuals with psychosis have a 2–5 times higher prevalence of ADHD than the general population. Individuals with early psychosis (EP) with an ADHD history have poorer premorbid social and role functioning, a more challenging symptom course, and poorer long-term psychosocial outcomes. The high degree of overlap in cognitive profiles for both psychosis and ADHD highlights a need for additional research. This project sought to assess the relation between historical report of childhood ADHD symptoms, current psychosis symptoms, and psychosocial functioning in individuals with EP. It is hypothesized that ADHD symptoms will significantly predict functioning. Methods Individuals, aged 12–30, who experienced the onset of psychotic symptoms in the past 2 years and presented for care at UC Davis EP clinics, were consented and enrolled. Individuals provided retrospective self-report ratings of childhood (between ages 5–12) symptoms of ‘inattention’ and ‘hyperactivity/impulsivity’ on the Barkley ADHD Rating Scale. Raters coded current psychosocial (Global Social/Role Functioning [GSF/GRF]) and clinical functioning ([Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS], Scale for Assessment of Positive [SAPS] and Negative [SANS] Symptoms) at presentation. BPRS, SAPS, and SANS ratings were combined into ‘reality distortion,’ ‘poverty,’ and ‘disorganization’ domains. Medical chart review will be conducted to identify historical report of ADHD diagnosis. Multiple linear regression was used to examine relative contribution of demographic variables, clinical symptoms, and self-reported childhood ADHD symptoms to current social and role functioning. Results Ninety-eight participants (20.22 years ± 3.95; 39% female; 37% non-Hispanic White; 27% Hispanic; 2% missing demographics) provided complete data. Childhood inattention, poverty, and disorganized symptoms predicted current GSF (R-squared = .39, F[5, 92] = 11.92, p &lt; .001). When assessing demographic differences on outcomes, GSF was rated significantly higher in non-Hispanic White (M = 7.03, SD = 1.80) compared to other non-White participants (M = 6.28, SD = 1.64; t[94] = -2.08, p = .04). With the inclusion of race as a predictor, only poverty and disorganization predicted GSF (R-squared = .40, F[6, 89] = 10.04, p &lt; .001). Poverty symptoms predicted current GRF, while childhood ADHD and other psychosis symptoms did not predict GRF (R-squared = .31, F[5, 92] = 8.09, p &lt; .001). Age significantly correlated with GRF (r = -.31, p = .002). Poverty remained a significant predictor of GRF after including age (R-squared = .37, F[6, 89] = 8.84, p &lt; .001). Additional cognitive correlates, collateral report of childhood ADHD symptoms, prior diagnoses, date of psychosis illness onset, and medication history will also be examined. Discussion Social functioning was predicted by childhood self-rated inattention and current negative and disorganized symptoms; however, the relation with childhood inattention did not remain after controlling for race/ethnicity. Additional analyses will be conducted to assess if race is presenting as a proxy for other social determinants, including insurance designation, in this sample. Individuals with ADHD experience more difficulty in social settings compared to typically developing peers, possibly due to increased need to use environmental cues; for individuals who go on to develop psychosis, these childhood events are possibly perceived as more stressful, adding to risk for psychosis. However, it is unclear if self-report childhood inattention – captured here as a putative symptom of ADHD – may be better accounted for by premorbid cognitive impairment associated with risk for psychosis. Additional research is required to establish this connection.

scholarly journals Prediction of childhood ADHD symptoms to quality of life in young adults: Adult ADHD and anxiety/depression as mediators

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 3168-3181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Nien Yang ◽  
Yueh-Ming Tai ◽  
Li-Kuang Yang ◽  
Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Anxiety Depression
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