scholarly journals What explains the link between childhood ADHD and adolescent depression? Investigating the role of peer relationships and academic attainment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1581-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Powell ◽  
Lucy Riglin ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Olga Eyre ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Academic Attainment ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract There is increasing evidence that childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) elevates risk of later depression, but the mechanisms behind this association are unclear. We investigated the relationship between childhood ADHD symptoms and late-adolescent depressive symptoms in a population cohort, and examined whether academic attainment and peer problems mediated this association. ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) is an ongoing prospective longitudinal population-based UK cohort that has collected data since September 1990. 2950 individuals with data on parent-reported ADHD symptoms in childhood (7.5 years) and self-reported depressive symptoms in late adolescence (17.5 years) were included in analyses. 2161 individuals with additional data at age 16 years on parent-reported peer problems as an indicator of peer relationships and formal examination results (General Certificate of Secondary Education; GCSE) as an indicator of academic attainment were included in mediation analyses. Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with higher depressive symptoms (b = 0.49, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and an increased odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.41, p < 0.001). The association with depressive symptoms was mediated in part by peer problems and academic attainment which accounted for 14.68% and 20.13% of the total effect, respectively. Childhood ADHD is associated with increased risk of later depression. The relationship is mediated in part by peer relationships and academic attainment. This highlights peer relationships and academic attainment as potential targets of depression prevention and intervention in those with ADHD. Future research should investigate which aspects of peer relationships are important in conferring later risk for depression.

The influence of workplace stress and coping on depressive symptoms among registered nurses in Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reva Mondal ◽  
Yajai Sitthimongkol ◽  
Nopporn Vongsirimas ◽  
Natkamol Chansatitporn ◽  
Kathy Hegadoren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Workplace Stressors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Nurses report high levels of workplace stress, which has been linked to an increased risk for experiencing depressive symptoms.Nurses’ workplace stress is also linked to increased absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) the incidence of depressive symptoms among hospital-based registered nurses in Bangladesh; (2) common sources of workplace stress and their relationships to individual characteristics and depressive symptom scores; and (3) the potential mediating roles of coping strategies in the relationship between workplace stress and depressive symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study design involved three hundred and fifty-two registered nurses. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and three standardized tools measuring sources of nurses’ workplace stress, coping strategies, and depressive symptoms. Results: More than half of the participants scored ≥ 16 on the CES-D, which was associated with a major depression episode. Total NSS scores had a small but significant influence on scores on the depression scale. Coping strategies had no mediated effect on the relationship between workplace stress and scores on the depression scale. Low-reliability coefficients for subscales of two of the standardized tools highlight the challenge for researchers in developing countries to address contextual differences that may influence the meanings attached to individual items.  Conclusion: Findings suggest that the mental health of registered nurses in Bangladesh requires immediate attention in part by attending to workplace stressors. Further research should focus on a deeper understanding of Bangladeshi registered nurses’ work experiences and the unique contribution that workplace stressors have on their physical and mental health.

Peer Relationships in Undergraduates With ADHD Symptomatology: Selection and Quality of Friendships

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Transition To College ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Objective: This study investigated the relationships between ADHD symptomatology and friendship formation, social skills, and the quality of specific friendships in college students. Method: A total of 156 students, 75 of whom had high self-reported ADHD symptomatology, participated. Friends of 68 participants completed measures of friendship quality. Results: Students had more positive first impressions of and reported being friends with others whose ADHD symptom severity matched their own. Participants with high ADHD symptoms reported greater difficulty providing emotional support and managing interpersonal conflict than their low-symptom peers. Greater ADHD symptoms in participants and friends were related to reduced quality of specific relationships, but similarity of severity of symptomatology in the dyad benefited the relationship. Conclusion: These findings have implications for the kind of support offered to students with high ADHD symptomatology when they transition to college. Future longitudinal research examining relationships of varying levels of closeness should be conducted.

scholarly journals Clinical variables associated with depression in patients with type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Cassol Ferreira ◽  
Camila Piaia ◽  
Ana Carolina Cadore ◽  
Marinez Amabile Antoniolli ◽  
Geni Portela Gamborgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryBackground:the aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM), depression and depressive symptoms and their clinical impact on T2DM.Methods:the authors evaluated 214 outpatients, 105 with diabetes (T2DM group) and 109 non-diabetics (control group), with ages ranging between 50 and 75 years (T2DM group 65.1 ± 5.6 years, control group 63.4 ± 5.8 years). Use of antidepressant treatment or score ≥ 16 on the Beck depression inventory (BDI) was considered depression. Complications of diabetes and total symptom score (TSS) for peripheral neuropathy were reported by patients.Results:diabetes group had a higher frequency of depression (35.2%) compared to controls (21.1%) (p=0,021), with 2.4 times increased risk of depression. The presence of depressive symptoms was also higher in T2DM group (mean BDI 9.5 ± 8.8 versus 6.9 ± 6.2; p=0.039). Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy were higher in depressed subjects. The metabolic control and presence of complications in T2DM group were not associated with depression.Conclusion:T2DM led to an increased risk of depression, but this did not influence the metabolic control or the presence of other complications.

scholarly journals Cognitive/affective and somatic/affective symptoms of depression in patients with heart disease and their association with cardiovascular prognosis: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2689-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. de Miranda Azevedo ◽  
A. M. Roest ◽  
P. W. Hoen ◽  
P. de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundSeveral prospective longitudinal studies have suggested that somatic/affective depressive symptoms, but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms, are related to prognosis in patients with heart disease, but findings have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cognitive/affective and somatic/affective symptoms of depression with cardiovascular prognosis in patients with heart disease using a meta-analytic perspective.MethodA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE and PsycInfo. Thirteen prospective studies on symptom dimensions of depression and cardiovascular prognosis fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data on a total of 11 128 subjects. The risk estimates for each dimension of depressive symptoms, demographic and methodological variables were extracted from the included articles.ResultsIn least-adjusted analyses, both the somatic/affective [hazard ratio (HR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.41, p < 0.001] and cognitive/affective (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.15, p = 0.05) dimensions of depressive symptoms were associated with cardiovascular prognosis. In fully adjusted analyses, somatic/affective symptoms were significantly associated with adverse prognosis (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.29, p < 0.001) but cognitive/affective symptoms were not (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97–1.12, p = 0.25). An increase of one standard deviation (±1 s.d.) in the scores of the somatic/affective dimension was associated with a 32% increased risk of adverse outcomes (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001).ConclusionsSomatic/affective depressive symptoms were more strongly and consistently associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with heart disease compared with cognitive/affective symptoms. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which somatic/affective depressive symptoms may affect cardiovascular prognosis.

Mortality Risk by Functional Status and Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KALEB MICHAUD ◽  
MONTSERRAT VERA-LLONCH ◽  
GERRY OSTER
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Objective.Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of death. Modern RA therapy has been shown to improve health status, but the relationship of such improvements to mortality risk is unknown. We assessed the relationship between health status and all-cause mortality in patients with RA, using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) physical and mental component summary scores (PCS, MCS).Methods.Subjects (n = 10,319) were selected from the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, a prospective longitudinal observational US study with semiannual assessments of HAQ, PCS, and MCS. Risk of death up to 7 years through 2006 was obtained from the US National Death Index. Relationship of HAQ, PCS, and MCS to mortality was assessed using Cox regression models; prediction accuracy was compared using Harrell’s concordance coefficient (C).Results.Over 64,888 patient-years of followup, there were 1317 deaths. Poorer baseline health status was associated with greater mortality risk. Adjusting for age, sex, and baseline PCS and MCS, declines in PCS and HAQ were associated with higher risk of death. HAQ improvement was associated with reduced mortality risk from 6 months through 3 years; a similar relationship was not observed for PCS or MCS improvement. Controlling for baseline values, change in PCS or HAQ did not improve prediction accuracy.Conclusion.The HAQ and the SF-36 PCS are similarly and strongly associated with mortality risk in patients with RA. Change in these measures over time does not appear to add to predictive accuracy over baseline levels.

scholarly journals The Link between Peer Relations, Prosocial Behavior, and ODD/ADHD Symptoms in 7–9-Year-Old Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muirne C. S. Paap ◽  
Ira R. Haraldsen ◽  
Kyrre Breivik ◽  
Phillipa R. Butcher ◽  
Frøydis M. Hellem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Odd Symptoms ◽  
Bergen Child Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by symptoms that hinder successful positive interaction with peers. The main goal of this study was to examine if the presence of symptoms of ODD and ADHD affects the relationship between positive social behavior and peer status found in 7–9-year-old children who show symptoms typical of ADHD and/or ODD. Furthermore, the possible interaction with sex was investigated. We used data collected in the first wave of The Bergen Child Study of mental health (BCS), a prospective longitudinal total population study of children’s developmental and mental health. The target population consisted of children in the second to the fourth, in all public, private, and special schools in Bergen, Norway, in the fall of 2002 (N=9430). All 79 primary schools in Bergen participated in the study. Both teacher (8809 complete cases) and parent (6253 complete cases) report were used in the analyses. ADHD and ODD scores were estimated using the Swanson Noland and Pelham rating scale version IV (SNAP-IV), and peer problems and prosocial behavior were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We replicated the relationship between peer problems and prosocial behavior found previously in typically developing children. Our results showed that the relationship between peer problems and prosocial behavior became weaker as the ODD symptoms increased in number and severity. For ADHD this effect was only found in the teacher report of the children. A sex effect for ODD symptoms was found only using the parent report: boys with ODD symptoms showed less prosocial behavior than girls with similar levels of ODD symptoms. Since this effect was not found using the teacher data, it may imply a situational effect (school/home) for girls with high levels of ODD. The moderator effect of ODD/ADHD was comparable for boys and girls. Our findings suggest that even if children with ADHD/ODD symptoms have the opportunity to practice their social skills in peer relationships, this is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in prosocial behavior.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLAUCOMA PREVALENCE AND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, IRON AND CAFFEINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Sarika Gaur ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Kuldeep Kuldeep ◽  
Ananya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

PURPOSE. To investigate the relationship between supplementary consumption of the oxidants calcium and iron and caffeine and the prevalence of glaucoma. METHODS. This cross-sectional study included 3833 participants 40 years of age, who reported a presence or absence of glaucoma. Participants were interviewed regarding the use of dietary supplements and antacids during the preceding 30-day period. Data pertaining to the supplementary intake of calcium, iron and caffeine was aggregated and divided into quintiles. Information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma and demographics, comorbidities, and health-related behavior was obtained via interview. RESULTS. Participants who consumed 800 mg/d of supplementary calcium or 18 mg/d of supplementary iron had significantly higher odds of having been diagnosed with glaucoma than did those who had not consumed supplementary calcium or iron, after adjustment for potential confounders. Concurrent consumption of both calcium and iron above these levels was associated with still greater odds of having been diagnosed with glaucoma. Compared with participants whose cumulatively updated total caffeine consumption was <125 mg/day, participants who consumed ≥500 mg/day had a trend toward increased risk of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that there may be a threshold intake of iron, calcium and caffeine above which there is an increased risk of development of glaucoma. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed, to assess whether oxidant intake is a risk factor for development and progression of glaucoma.

scholarly journals Contribution of vascular risk factors to the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition in adults and seniors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy L. Callahan ◽  
André Plamondon ◽  
Sascha Gill ◽  
Zahinoor Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSymptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood have been found to be predictive of compromised cognitive function, and possibly even dementia, in later adulthood. This study aimed to test vascular risk as a hypothesized moderator or mediator of this association, because individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms frequently have comorbid vascular disease or risk factors which are recognized to contribute to later-life cognitive decline. Data from 1,092 adults aged 18–85 were drawn from the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Childhood ADHD symptoms (assessed using the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale) were assessed as predictors of cognitive functioning in adulthood (assessed using subtests from the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System, and the Wechsler Memory Scale). Vascular risk factors (including diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) were tested as both a moderator and mediator of this relationship. Childhood ADHD symptoms and vascular risk factors were both independently associated with later-life cognition, but vascular risk was not a significant moderator or mediator of relationships between ADHD symptoms and cognition in statistical models. Results from this large community sample suggest that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and cognition is not accounted for by vascular risk. This question should also be investigated in clinical samples.

scholarly journals Perinatal Depression and Its Impact on Infant Outcomes and Maternal-Nurse SMS Communication in a Cohort of Kenyan Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Hummel ◽  
Keshet Ronen ◽  
Amritha Bhat ◽  
Brenda Wandika ◽  
Esther M. Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antenatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
Perinatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Perinatal depression is broadly defined as depressive symptoms during pregnancy or within the 12 months following delivery, affecting approximately 20-25% of pregnant and postpartum women in low- and middle-income countries. The wide accessibility of mobile phones allows mobile health (mHealth) interventions to be considered a solution to identify perinatal depression and provide appropriate referrals for treatment. This study, nested in a larger SMS communication project, examined the prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression, determined the association between antenatal depression and infant morbidity/mortality, and compared SMS communication patterns between women with and without perinatal depression. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal cohort of pregnant women seeking antenatal services at two public sector health clinics in Kenya. SMS messages were sent to participants with educational content related to their pregnancy and infant health and two-way SMS communication occurred with a nurse. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, SMS messaging behaviors, infant health status, and depressive symptoms were assessed by a standardized questionnaire administered at enrollment (30-36 weeks gestation) and follow-up (14 weeks postpartum). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) with Poisson link was used to evaluate correlates of perinatal depressive symptoms, infant outcomes, and frequency of SMS messaging. Results Of the 572 women with complete follow-up information, 188 (32.9%) screened positive for elevated depressive symptoms (≥10 by EPDS scale) at some time point during pregnancy or postpartum. The strongest predictors of depressive symptoms included abuse during pregnancy, fewer years of schooling, and maternal unemployment. Antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of infant illness or hospitalization (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.13). Women with antenatal or persistent perinatal depressive symptoms sent fewer SMS messages during the study period than their counterparts without depression. Conclusions Prevalence of elevated perinatal depressive symptoms was high in this cohort of Kenyan women. Our findings highlight the importance of screening perinatal women for experiences of abuse and symptoms of depression. Differences in messaging frequency between women with vs. without depressive symptoms presents a potential opportunity to provide more support for those perinatal depression.

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