Specific heat of mixtures of kaolin with sea water or distilled water for their use in thermotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Mato ◽  
L. M. Casás ◽  
J. L. Legido ◽  
C. Gómez ◽  
L. Mourelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Distilled Water

Specific heat of mixtures of bentonitic clay with sea water or distilled water for their use in thermotherapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 524 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Casás ◽  
J.L. Legido ◽  
M. Pozo ◽  
L. Mourelle ◽  
F. Plantier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bentonitic Clay

Examination for Degradation Paths of Butyltin Compounds in Natural Waters

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Watanabe ◽  
S. Sakai ◽  
H. Takatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Clean Area ◽  
Butyltin Compounds ◽  
Sun Light

Examination of individual degradation paths (biodegradation and photolysis) of butyltin compounds (especially tributyltin: TBT) in natural waters was performed. Biodegradation of TBT and dibutyltin (DBT) in an unfiltered sea water in summer is rather fast; their half life is about a week. But pretreatment with glass fiber filter makes the half life of TBT much longer (about 80 days). Photolysis of TBT in sea water by sun light is rapid (half life is about 0.5 days), and faster than in distilled water or in fresh water. Degradation rates of each process for TBT are calculated in various conditions of sea water, and contribution rates are compared. Biodegradation will be the main degradation process in an “SS-rich” area such as a marina, but photolysis will exceed that in a “clean” area. Over all half lives of TBT in sea water vary from 6 days to 127 days considering seasons and presence of SS.

Taste by Touch: Some Experiments with Octopus

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
M. J. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Olfactory Organ ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Quinine Sulphate ◽  
Human Tongue ◽  
Half Strength

1. A method of teaching Octopus chemotactile discriminations is described. 2. The animals can be shown to be capable of distinguishing by touch between porous objects soaked in plain sea water and sea water with hydrochloric acid, sucrose or quinine sulphate added. 3. They can detect these substances in concentrations at least 100 times as dilute as the human tongue is capable of detecting them in distilled water. 4. They can be trained to distinguish between equimolar (0.2 mM) solutions of hydrochloric acid, sucrose and quinine. 5. They can also be trained to distinguish between sea water and fresh water or half-strength sea water or sea water with twice the usual quantity of salt. 6. The function of the ‘olfactory organ’ is discussed. 7. Chemotactile learning is discussed in relation to the means by which Octopus finds its way about the territory around its ‘home’

Experiments on Substrate Selection by Corophium Species: Films and Bacteria on Sand Particles

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
P. S. MEADOWS
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Micro Organisms

1. A simple method is described for determining the substrate preferences of Corophium volutator (Pallas) and Corophium arenarium Crawford. 2. If offered a choice of its own substrate with that of the other species each prefers its own. 3. Level of illumination and colour of substrate have little effect on choice. An animal's size and hence its age has little effect on its substrate preferences. 4. C. volutator prefers a substrate previously maintained under anaerobic conditions, C. arenarium vice versa. 5. Treatments which kill, inactivate, or remove micro-organisms render sands unattractive to Corophium. These include boiling, acid-cleaning, drying, and soaking in fixatives or distilled water. Attempts to make these sands attractive again failed. 6. Distilled water, and solutions of the non-electrolytes sucrose and glycerol at the same osmotic pressure as sea water, induce many bacteria to desorb from sand particles; smaller numbers are desorbed in the presence of solutions of electrolytes at the same ionic strength as sea water (NaCl, Na2SO4, KC1, MgSO4, MgCl2, CaCl2). Of all these, only distilled water and solutions of MgCl2 and CaCl2 reduce the attractive properties of sands. Hence the loss of bacteria from the surface of sand grains, though related to the ionic strength and composition of the medium, is not necessarily associated with a substrate becoming unattractive.

The specific heat of sea water

1959 ◽  
Vol 252 (1268) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Ocean Water

There are many calculations in oceanography which involve the specific heat of sea water; this had not until now been determined to the precision desirable, and the temperature coefficient of C p had not been measured. An electrically heated calorimeter has been used to determine the specific heat of sea water over approximately the ranges of temperature and salinity occurring in nature. The results are considered accurate to 0.05%; previously accepted values are shown to be seriously in error. The temperature coefficient of C p is shown to be positive for ocean water, while over the same range it is negative for pure water. An expression has been derived from which C p can be computed over the ranges of 0 to 40 g/kg of salt and — 2 to 30°C, and tabulated values are given. In testing the calorimeter the specific heat of ethanol was redetermined. Although incidental, the results are included as they are thought to be more reliable over the range of temperature covered than those previously published.

scholarly journals The Estimation of Zinc in Sea Water using Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate

1936 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. G. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
The Earth

Sea water contains very little zinc. Values from 0–73 mg. per cubic metre have been cited in Physics of the Earth, V, 180, Washington, 1932. According to Orton it is less than 0–1 parts per million in the English Channel. Dieulafait found 2 nig. and Bodansky 7–3, erroneously quoted as 73 above. The method described here permits of the detection of as little as 8 mg. per m3 using 200 ml. of distilled water in a Hehner tube, the delicacy of the reaction being much greater than that of any other for zinc. Sea water from the English Channel gives no turbidity and so is unlikely to contain as much as 8 mg. per m3. The method is brought forward on account of its usefulness in detecting and estimating zinc in sea water contaminated by contact with metallic surfaces. Its use in fresh water has already been described (Analyst, 1935, 60, p. 400, No. 711, June), and to this paper reference may be made for some possible sources of interference and for the origin of the reagent.

Solubility of higher-molecular-weight normal-paraffins in distilled water and sea water

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Sutton ◽  
John A. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Distilled Water

scholarly journals Optical Properties of Salt Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Transmission Properties ◽  
Image Position

AbstractThe dependence of the extinction coefficient on salinity was investigated for both NaCl-ice and salt-ice made from natural sea-water. Specimens were prepared under a variety of conditions and examined over the wavelength range 4 000 to 8 000 Â. The effects of scattering from air bubbles trapped in the ice were examined for ice made from distilled water. It was found that the method of preparing samples markedly affected their structure, but that, when prepared in the same manner, salt-ice made from natural sea-water and NaCl-ice did not show significantly different transmission properties. It was found that, for a wavelength of 6 328 Â, the data could be fit to the relationwithin an uncertainty of 26%, wherekeis the extinction coefficient,xis the salinity of the ice in g/kg. Within an uncertainty of 10%, there was no variation in transmission for ice at the same temperature and salinity over the wavelength range 4 000 to 8 000 Â. All measurements were made at a temperature of -20° C.

Factors affecting the lytic susceptibility of some marine and terrestrial bacteria

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Laddaga ◽  
Robert A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Absorbing Material

Eighteen gram-negative marine bacteria and two terrestrial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined for their sensitivity to lysis in distilled water after exposure either to a salt solution containing a sea water concentration of Mg2+ (0.05 M) or to 0.5 M NaCl. A spectrum of lytic susceptibility was observed among the marine bacteria ranging from those organisms which lysed in distilled water after exposure to the Mg2+-containing solution, through organisms which could be sensitized to lysis by washing with the NaCl solution, to organisms which failed to lyse in distilled water even after having been washed with a solution of 0.5 M NaCl. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli fell within this spectrum, the former being capable of being induced to lyse in distilled water by washing with 0.5 M NaCl, while the latter failed to lyse in distilled water after this treatment. It was thus concluded that no overall distinction could be made between marine and terrestrial bacteria on the basis of the sensitivity of the two groups of organisms to lysis in freshwater.Quite large decreases in optical density and increases in the release of ultraviolet-absorbing material took place when cells preexposed to the Mg2+-containing solution or to 0.5 M NaCl were subsequently suspended in distilled water even though in some cases no loss of cell numbers could be detected. In most cases two to three times as much K+ as Na+ and 1/10 to 1/100 as much Mg2+ was required to prevent these changes. For three of the marine bacteria and P. aeruginosa grown in a terrestrial type medium little difference in the requirements for Na+ and K+ to prevent the optical density changes was noted. For P. aeruginosa grown in a marine type medium, cells required more K+ than Na+ to prevent these changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document