Solid-phase reduction of waste products from steelmaking

Metallurgist ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Dildin ◽  
V. I. Chumanov ◽  
I. V. Chumanov ◽  
V. E. Eremyashev
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Phase Reduction

scholarly journals Influence of Cu on the Improvement of Magnetic Properties and Structure of L10 FePt Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Luran Zhang ◽  
Xinchen Du ◽  
Hongjie Lu ◽  
Dandan Gao ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Fept Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step

L10 ordered FePt and FePtCu nanoparticles (NPs) with a good dispersion were successfully fabricated by a simple, green, one-step solid-phase reduction method. Fe (acac)3, Pt (acac)2, and CuO as the precursors were dispersed in NaCl and annealed at different temperatures with an H2-containing atmosphere. As the annealing temperature increased, the chemical order parameter (S), average particle size (D), coercivity (Hc), and saturation magnetization (Ms) of FePt and FePtCu NPs increased and the size distribution range of the particles became wider. The ordered degree, D, Hc, and Ms of FePt NPs were greatly improved by adding 5% Cu. The highest S, D, Hc, and Ms were obtained when FePtCu NPs annealed at 750 °C, which were 0.91, 4.87 nm, 12,200 Oe, and 23.38 emu/g, respectively. The structure and magnetic properties of FePt and FePtCu NPs at different annealing temperatures were investigated and the formation mechanism of FePt and FePtCu NPs were discussed in detail.

The Metallurgical Characterization of Iron-Containing Concentrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
B.M. Myrzaliev ◽  
Kulgamal A. Nogaeva ◽  
E.B. Kolmachikhina
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Iron Alloys ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Slag Copper ◽  
Metallurgical Characterization ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Metallization Process

The expediency of processing iron-containing concentrate with low iron content, increased content of manganese and copper is considered in the article. To process such a concentrate, a metallization process is proposed to produce sponge iron with a reducing agent - carbon. It was found that in solid-phase reduction at 1150 °C iron is reduced to a greater extent, as well as small particles with a copper content of about 95%, manganese is not recovered. The simulation process of metallization with carbon at a temperature of 1250 °C shows that iron is mainly distributed in the metallic phase, to a lesser extent in slag phases, manganese is distributed in two phases - metal and slag, copper is presented as a separate phase of metallic copper in the composition with iron alloys, and also composes a part of iron alloys. The reduction degree from concentrate to the metallic part is 80 - 91% for iron and 95 - 98% for copper. The presence of metallized particles of various sizes, representing phases of iron with manganese and copper was found in the slags.

scholarly journals Correction to: “Advanced Method for Recycling Red Mud by Carbothermal Solid-Phase Reduction Using Sodium Sulfate”

Metallurgist ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Grudinskii ◽  
D. V. Zinoveev ◽  
A. F. Semenov ◽  
A. S. Zakunov ◽  
V. G. Dyubanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Advanced Method ◽  
Phase Reduction

Solid-Phase Reduction of Iron from Suroyam Titanomagnetite Ore during Metallization in Rotary Kiln

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 512-516
Author(s):  
K.I. Smirnov ◽  
S.P. Salikhov ◽  
V.E. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Continuous Processing ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Electron Microscope Analysis

In this work the solid-phase reduction of iron from the Suroyam titanomagnetite ore was studied during metallization in a rotary kiln. The technique of preparation of the ore and reducing agent for metallization and the process of continuous processing of materials in a rotary kiln were described in detail. For metallization the temperature was chosen 1150°C, due to low melting point of apatite from one of the components. The results of the electron microscope analysis of the initial ore and samples subjected to metallization for 1-hour reduction time were presented. The reduction of iron occurred despite absence of pores and contact with a reducing agent in the grains of titanomagnetite. Iron in the grains of titanomagnetite surrounded by apatite was reduced to wustite; whereas, iron surrounded by clinopyroxene was reduced to metallic iron. This indicated the effect of composition of the gangue materials on the reduction process.

In situ Surfactant-based Solid Phase Microextraction of p-cresol in Human Plasma Prior to HPLC Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-694
Author(s):  
Azam Samadi ◽  
Abolghasem Jouyban ◽  
Negar Amirhaghiian ◽  
Hamid Tayebi-Khosroshahi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Waste Products

Background:Uremia is the outcome of the remaining of nitrogenous waste products that are normally removed by the kidneys. Para-cresol (4-methylphenol) can be regarded as a proteinbound uremic toxin. The p-cresol determination in sera is necessary since it is a marker of cardiovascular risk and overall mortality in hemodialysis patients. Among the reported methods, chromatographic ones especially HPLC techniques due to the high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility have been extensively exploited in analysis of p-cresol in complex mixtures. However, an appropriate sample preparation prior to analysis is necessary for obtaining accurate and precise results.Methods:In this study, the appropriate precipitating agent for p-cresol determination in plasma samples was investigated. Then, in situ surfactant-based solid phase microextraction followed by HPLCFL detection was developed and validated for the quantification of p-cresol in plasma samples.Results:According to the results, HCl/heat precipitation method was used for p-cresol microextraction from from plasma samples. In situ surfactant-based solid phase microextraction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as extraction medium was proposed for pretreatment of plasma samples prior to analysis. The separation was achieved by isocratic elution with sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.8) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v). Linearity was found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 0.5 to 8 μg mL-1 with the limit of detection and quantification of 0.324 and 0.422 μg mL-1, respectively. The variations for intra-day and inter-day precisions were both less than 8.2% and the extraction recoveries were more than 97%.Conclusion:A validated ISS-SPME followed by HPLC-FL detection reported to determine the total p-cresol concentration of human plasma samples. The traditional liquid-liquid extraction techniques are normally time consuming and require the use of large amounts of toxic organic solvents. In addition, the evaporation of extraction solvent and dissolving the analyte in the mobile phase is commonly used before HPLC analysis. Such a requirement makes the sample preparation process even more tedious and time consuming. ISS-SPME that is the developed ISS-SPE in micro scale, is a simple, rapid and effective sample preparation technique that is appropriate for HPLC-FL analysis.

Investigation of the process of metallized materials production from iron concentrate of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese ores of Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-674
Author(s):  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
M. A. Golodova ◽  
I. E. Khodosov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Isothermal Exposure ◽  
Iron Concentrate ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

Study of the processes of solid-phase reduction of iron from oxides using coals as reducing agents and the development of energy-efficient technologies for the production and use of metallized materials from concentrates obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment is an actual scientific direction in ferrous metallurgy. Theoretical studies of the processes of solidphase reduction of iron from iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores, by coals grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown) were carried out by the method of thermodynamic simulation using the “Terra” software complex. The experimental study of the process of solid-phase reduction of iron from experimental mixtures was carried out in a muffle furnace SNOL 4/900 and in a resistance furnace with a graphite tubular heater (Tamman furnace). The influence of the composition and volume of gas phase, formed as a result of volatile components emission in the process of coals of two grades heating at 373–1873 K obtained, optimal temperature and consumption of coals defined, which ensure complete reducing of iron from iron-containing concentrate, compositions as well as volumes of gas phase. The influence of temperature of the isothermal exposure on the rate and degree of solid-phase reduction of iron from iron ore oxides was experimentally determined when using coals of different process grades and coke fines as reducing agents. Empirical equations of reduction degree versus time of isothermal exposure for different metallization temperatures were obtained. It is shown that the change in the degree of recovery on temperature with high accuracy was described by a linear dependence, and the change in the recovery rate on the temperature – by a power dependence. Conditions of effective metallization were determined when using iron concentrate and coals of different process grades for production of spongy metallized materials with content of Femet more than 80%, and 1.5–2.5 % C, 0.1 % S, 0.02 % P. As a result of thermodynamic simulation and experimental study of the process of iron reduction from iron concentrate, optimal consumption of coal of grades D and 2Б at temperature 1473K was determined. It was established that the best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal grade D. It was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction of iron from the concentrate, at the level of 98–99%.

Pyro-Metallurgical Processing of Ilmenite Concentrate with Production of Iron and Titanium Oxides

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
K.I. Smirnov ◽  
P.A. Gamov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Pure Iron ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Titanium Oxides ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Ilmenite Concentrate ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Metallurgical Processing

The main problem of processing of ores with a high content of titanium oxides is refractory slag based on TiO2, which makes it difficult to melt. The methods of processing of titanomagnetite and ilmenite ores were analyzed. It is shown that the existing scheme of processing does not meet the requirements of complex use of materials. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on reduction of ilmenite concentrate and subsequent pyrometallurgical separation of reduction products without addition of flux or slag-forming materials. Solid-phase reduction of iron enabled to extract iron selectively from the ilmenite crystal lattice, not diluting the oxide phase with the reducing agent ash. Using the advantages of solid-phase reduction, the possibility of obtaining pure iron and slag with a high content of titanium oxides was shown.

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