The Metallurgical Characterization of Iron-Containing Concentrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
B.M. Myrzaliev ◽  
Kulgamal A. Nogaeva ◽  
E.B. Kolmachikhina
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Iron Alloys ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Slag Copper ◽  
Metallurgical Characterization ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Metallization Process

The expediency of processing iron-containing concentrate with low iron content, increased content of manganese and copper is considered in the article. To process such a concentrate, a metallization process is proposed to produce sponge iron with a reducing agent - carbon. It was found that in solid-phase reduction at 1150 °C iron is reduced to a greater extent, as well as small particles with a copper content of about 95%, manganese is not recovered. The simulation process of metallization with carbon at a temperature of 1250 °C shows that iron is mainly distributed in the metallic phase, to a lesser extent in slag phases, manganese is distributed in two phases - metal and slag, copper is presented as a separate phase of metallic copper in the composition with iron alloys, and also composes a part of iron alloys. The reduction degree from concentrate to the metallic part is 80 - 91% for iron and 95 - 98% for copper. The presence of metallized particles of various sizes, representing phases of iron with manganese and copper was found in the slags.

Solid-Phase Reduction and Separation of Iron and Phosphorus from Manganese Oxides in Ferromanganese Ore

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Nurlybay K. Kosdauletov ◽  
Vasiliy R. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Reducing Roasting ◽  
Electron Scanning Microscope

The possibility of joint solid-phase reduction of iron and phosphorus from ferromanganese ore has been experimentally confirmed. Solid-phase reduction was performed at a temperature of 1000°C and exposure time of 2-5 hours, in a CO atmosphere, also produced the separation of the reduction products by melting. The distribution of iron and phosphorus was studied using an electron scanning microscope. The phase analysis of the samples was studied using a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer. The results were processed using the "Match" software. Reducing roasting in a CO atmosphere provides a transition from the oxide phase to the metallic phase of only iron and phosphorus without loss of manganese, thus increasing the concentration of MnO oxide in the residual oxide phase of the ore.

scholarly journals Separation of ferromanganese ore components by non-contact and contact carbothermic reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
N. Kosdauletov ◽  
E. K. Mukhambetgaliev ◽  
V. E. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Manganese Alloys ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

The possibility of joint selective solid-phase reduction of iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ore has been experimentally confirmed. The experiments were carried out in a Tamman laboratory furnace at a temperature of 1000 °C and holding for two and five hours. The article presents results of the study of phase composition and phases' quantitative ratio of the reduction products, as well as chemical composition of the phases. It was established that reduction roasting in CO atmosphere provides a transition from oxide phase to metal phase only of iron and phosphorus. At the same time, the concentration of manganese oxide MnO increases in the ore oxide phase. The use of solid carbon as a reducing agent under the same conditions leads to transition to the metallic phase together with iron and phosphorus of a part of manganese. Based on the obtained data, it is proposed to selectively reduce iron and phosphorus at a temperature of 1000 °C with a reducing gas. Gas reduction will make it possible to use existing gas furnaces, in particular, multi-pod furnaces, for metallization of iron and phosphorus in ferromanganese ore, and natural gas, including hydrogen -enriched gas, and even pure hydrogen, as a reducing agent and energy carrier. Due to this, at the stage of ore metallization in production of manganese alloys, greenhouse gas CO2 emissions can be reduced. The results of the work can be used in the development of theoretical and technological bases for processing ferromanganese ores with a high content of phosphorus, which are not processed by existing technologies.

scholarly journals Selective reduction of iron and phosphorus from oolitic ore

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
S. P. Salikhov ◽  
B. Suleimen ◽  
V. E. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Metal Phase ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Phosphorus Reduction ◽  
Reductive Roasting

Possibility of selective solid-phase reduction of iron from oolitic ore has been experimentally confirmed. Solid phase reduction was carried out at temperatures of 850 and 1000 °C in CO atmosphere and in the mixture with solid carbon. Distribution of iron and phosphorus was investigated with scanning electron microscope. It was found that at temperature of 1000 °C minimum amount of phosphorus (up to 0.3 %) is transformed into the metallic phase at reduction by carbon monoxide. Upon reduction in mixture of ore with carbon, phosphorus content in metal phase reaches 1.0 – 1.3 % evenat temperature of 850 °C. Thermodynamic modeling of the processes occurring during reductive roasting of oolitic ore was carried out depending on temperature (1000 – 1400 K) and amount of carbon in the system. It is shown that reduction temperature and degree of phosphorus reduction vary depending on ratio of CO and CO2 in the gas phase. At temperatures below 892 °C, phosphorus is not reduced and all iron is in metal phase. With an increase in amount of carbon in the system, phosphorus appears in metal phase. With an excess of carbon in the system, all phosphorus is in metal phase at temperature of 892 °С. Thus, with a certain amount of carbon in the system and, correspondingly, with a certain ratio of CO and CO2 in gas phase, selective reduction of iron is possible without phosphorus reduction even at temperature of 1100 °С. Comparison of experimental results with results of thermodynamic calculation confirms possibility of se selective reduction of iron without phosphorus reduction only by carbon monoxide.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Dynamic studies of silicide-mediated crystallization of amorphous silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1352-1353
Author(s):  
C. Hayzelden ◽  
J. L. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Single Crystal Substrate ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystal Substrate ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Epitaxial reordering of amorphous Si(a-Si) on an underlying single-crystal substrate occurs well below the melt temperature by the process of solid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG). Growth of crystalline Si(c-Si) is known to be enhanced by the presence of small amounts of a metallic phase, presumably due to an interaction of the free electrons of the metal with the covalent Si bonds near the growing interface. Ion implantation of Ni was shown to lower the crystallization temperature of an a-Si thin film by approximately 200°C. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), precipitates of NiSi2 formed within the a-Si film during annealing, were observed to migrate, leaving a trail of epitaxial c-Si. High resolution TEM revealed an epitaxial NiSi2/Si(l11) interface which was Type A. We discuss here the enhanced nucleation of c-Si and subsequent silicide-mediated SPEG of Ni-implanted a-Si.Thin films of a-Si, 950 Å thick, were deposited onto Si(100) wafers capped with 1000Å of a-SiO2. Ion implantation produced sharply peaked Ni concentrations of 4×l020 and 2×l021 ions cm−3, in the center of the films.

TEM characterization of Au/Polysilicon interactions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Leslie H. Allen ◽  
C. Barry Carter ◽  
James W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polysilicon Films ◽  
The Stability

Metal/polysilicon investigations contribute to an understanding of issues relevant to the stability of electrical contacts in semiconductor devices. These investigations also contribute to an understanding of Si lateral solid-phase epitactic growth. Metals such as Au, Al and Ag form eutectics with Si. reactions in these metal/polysilicon systems lead to the formation of large-grain silicon. Of these systems, the Al/polysilicon system has been most extensively studied. In this study, the behavior upon thermal annealing of Au/polysilicon bilayers is investigated using cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The unique feature of this system is that silicon grain-growth occurs at particularly low temperatures ∽300°C).Gold/polysilicon bilayers were fabricated on thermally oxidized single-crystal silicon substrates. Lowpressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 620°C was used to obtain 100 to 400 nm polysilicon films. The surface of the polysilicon was cleaned with a buffered hydrofluoric acid solution. Gold was then thermally evaporated onto the samples.

Characterization of Monoclonal Anti-human Factor VII Antibody (B101/B1) that Recognized Three-dimensional Structures near Arg at Position 79 in the First EGF-like Domain

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Takamiya
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Epidermal Growth

SummaryMurine monoclonal antibodies (designated hVII-B101/B1, hVIIDC2/D4 and hVII-DC6/3D8) directed against human factor VII (FVII) were prepared and characterized, with more extensive characterization of hVII-B101/B1 that did not bind reduced FVIIa. The immunoglobulin of the three monoclonal antibodies consisted of IgG1. These antibodies did not inhibit procoagulant activities of other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors except FVII and did not cross-react with proteins in the immunoblotting test. hVII-DC2/D4 recognized the light chain after reduction of FVIIa with 2-mercaptoethanol, and hVIIDC6/3D8 the heavy chain. hVII-B101/B1 bound FVII without Ca2+, and possessed stronger affinity for FVII in the presence of Ca2+. The Kd for hVII-B101/B1 to FVII was 1.75 x 10–10 M in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2. The antibody inhibited the binding of FVII to tissue factor in the presence of Ca2+. hVII-B101/B1 also inhibited the activation of FX by the complex of FVIIa and tissue factor in the presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed that hVII-B101/B1 reacted with non-reduced γ-carboxyglutaminic acid (Gla)-domainless-FVII and/or FVIIa. hVII-B101/B1 showed a similar pattern to that of non-reduced proteolytic fragments of FVII by trypsin with hVII-DC2/D4 on immunoblotting test. hVII-B101/B1 reacted differently with the FVII from the dysfunctional FVII variant, FVII Shinjo, which has a substitution of Gln for Arg at residue 79 in the first epidermal growth factor (1st EGF)-like domain (Takamiya O, et al. Haemosta 25, 89-97,1995) compared with normal FVII, when used as a solid phase-antibody for ELISA by the sandwich method. hVII-B101/B1 did not react with a series of short peptide sequences near position 79 in the first EGF-like domain on the solid-phase support for epitope scanning. These results suggested that the specific epitope of the antibody, hVII-B101/B1, was located in the three-dimensional structure near position 79 in the first EGF-like domain of human FVII.

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