scholarly journals Variation in the chemical quality of woody supplements for nursery growing media affects growth of tree seedlings

New Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Adamczyk ◽  
Sylwia Adamczyk ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Tuija Hytönen ◽  
Raisa Mäkipää ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Immobilisation

AbstractTree seedlings are produced in tree nurseries. However, nursery-grown seedlings often exhibit poor performance after outplanting due to the lack of adaptation to harsh natural conditions. These nursery-grown seedlings do not necessarily possess well-developed ectomycorrhizal symbionts, which help to obtain nutrients and increase resilience in exchange for seedling photoassimilated carbon. To improve the quality of the seedlings in natural conditions, we sowed spruce seeds on growing media with the addition of wood chips, i.e. stemwood chips or polyphenol- and resin acid-rich knotwood chips. Wood chips were chosen because they are common forest side-streams, and their compounds have shown a potential to improve mycorrhization and seedling fitness. Wood chips initially decreased the growth of seedlings. However, this effect levelled off with time and depended on the quality of the wood. Wood chips had no effect on mycorrhization. Further testing of the wood material showed that wood chips seemed to decrease seedling growth via nitrogen (N) immobilisation rather than a direct toxic effect. The phenomenon of N immobilisation on wood chips could be explored further to develop a slow-release N source, aptly reflecting N availability in natural conditions. Slow-release N source based on wood chips could be beneficial both to increase survival in natural conditions and for environment protection.

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.

Slow Release NPK Fertilizer Preparation from Natural Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Windia Hanifah ◽  
Chandra Wahyu Purnomo ◽  
Suryo Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
N Source ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Release Method

Preparation of Natural multi-nutrient Slow Release Fertilizer (NSRF) aims to reduce the environmental burden from some waste and increase the efficiency of fertilizer in releasing nutrient content. In this study,slow-release fertilizer was prepared from all natural components from waste which aredried chicken manure (N source), struvite (P source), and palm empty fruit bunch ash (K source). The equal weight of the three main nutrient sources was used with the addition of starch powder as the binder by 10%, 15% and 20% of the total nutrient mixture. The mixture of all nutrient with binder was granulated using pan granulator. Dried NSRF granule was tested using sand bed release method to observe the release profile of the contained nutrient. Based on the results of a 30-day leaching study, it was found that increasing concentration of binder will reduce the release of the nutrient from NSRF granules.

scholarly journals Quality of rubber tree rootstock seedlings grown in protected environments and alternative substrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43469
Author(s):  
Abimael Gomes da Silva ◽  
Edilson Costa ◽  
Talita Cristina Campos Pereira ◽  
Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽  
Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings, a GT1 clone, produced in protected environments in a variety of substrates. The treatments consisted of 13 substrates composed of combinations of cattle manure, soil from a ravine, medium vermiculite, superfine vermiculite and washed fine sand and two environments: a greenhouse with 50% shade using aluminized screen and a plant nursery with 50% shade using a Sombrite® screen. There were no replications of the environments; therefore, each one was considered an experiment. For each environment, a completely randomized experimental design with five replications was used to evaluate the substrates. Subsequently, the average squares of the residuals of individual variance analyses of these treatments (substrates) were evaluated, and because they did not exceed an approximate ratio of 7:1, a combined analysis of experiments was performed with Sisvar software. Two hundred eighty days after sowing, the dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, diameter at five centimeters above soil and the seedling quality indices were evaluated. Results indicated that substrates with a low amount of manure and sand and a high amount of vermiculite (S9 and S13) produced rubber tree seedlings of high-quality. The environment with greater radiation availability was better for the development of high-quality rubber tree seedlings.

scholarly journals Review: Reduction of energy consumption in TMP refining through mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Gorski ◽  
Jan Hill ◽  
Per Engstrand ◽  
Lars Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

Abstract This review covers the effect of mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips on the energy consumption in refining and the quality of pulp. To understand the mechanisms of mechanical pre-treatment, a short description of relevant refining theory and reported effects of pre-treatment on wood morphology is given. Mechanical pre-treatment offers a chance to utilize the energy needed to defibrate chips in a more efficient way, minimizing the cyclic elastic deformations which are the main defibration mechanism in refining. Studies of fibre morphology indicate that compressive pretreatment mechanically introduces favorable weak points in the S1 and S2 fibre walls where defibration proceeds easier upon subsequent refining. Published results which cover the effect of the pretreatment on energy consumption and pulp properties are reviewed. Energy reduction of between 10% and 30% is reported in the literature. High ratio of volumetric compression is necessary. Pressurized conditions are required to ensure that the fibres are not damaged during the pre-treatment. Other effects of compressive pretreatment include a more uniform chip size and moisture content, better penetration of chemicals and removal of extractives from the chips. A list of equipment used for chip pre-compression is provided together with published results of pilot-scale and mill-scale operation.

The effects of enrichment on welfare, production and meat quality of the pig

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
V.E. Beattie ◽  
N. Walker ◽  
L.J. Farmer ◽  
I.A. Sneddont
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Enriched Environments ◽  
Welfare Production

Enriching the housing of growing pigs by creating an environment which is responsive can stimulate behaviour patterns similar to that of pigs in semi-natural conditions (Beattie 1994, Simonsen 1990). These changes in behaviour in conjunction with the absence of tail-biting and ear chewing in enriched environments (Beattie, Sneddon & Walker 1993) are indicators of improved welfare (Signoret 1983).This study investigated the effect of enrichment on welfare, production performance and eating quality of the resultant pork. Welfare was assessed using behavioural measures.

scholarly journals Intercropping Cedrela odorata with Shrubby Crop Species to Reduce Infestation with Hypsipyla grandella and Improve the Quality of Timber

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Paul ◽  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tropical Hardwood ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Multipurpose Species ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Hypsipyla Grandella

Cultivation of Cedrela odorata, a valuable tropical hardwood species, is restricted by the mahogany shoot borer (Hypsipyla grandella), whose attacks reduce stem quality in forest plantations. This study investigated whether infestation rates would be reduced and growth performance improved by the intercropping of C. odorata tree seedlings with different crop rotations. The height increment achieved by C. odorata during the first two years was significantly stimulated by the intercropping of maize (Zea mays), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and cassava (Manihot esculenta). Attacks of H. grandella were also considerably reduced in these treatments, compared to the control plots, while intercropping with beans and rice produced no improvement. The effect was particularly distinct when lateral competition between trees and crops was high. Accordingly stem quality was higher in the treatments featuring tall crops. Trees intercropped with C. cajan performed best in terms of height (276 cm ±93), survival (100% ±0), and quality (81% ±13.5 of trees with satisfying stem quality) after two years. We concluded that intercropping of tree seedlings which are susceptible to H. grandella with shrubby multipurpose species can improve both tree growth and timber quality and hence increase the attractiveness of such species for reforestation.

Effects of passive heating and storage on the quality of hand-bagged and pre-packed growing media

2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Terhoeven-Urselmans ◽  
C. Bruns ◽  
G. Schmilewski ◽  
B. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Passive Heating ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
And Storage

Physico-chemical Properties and Soil Quality of Waste Paper-Growing Media on Slope Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Ji Young Jung ◽  
Si Young Ha ◽  
Chul Hwan Kim ◽  
Han-Min Park ◽  
Gi Young Kweon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Slope Surface ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Physico Chemical

Efficacy of slow-release system for improving the quality of water in streams affected by mining activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eung Seok Lee ◽  
Ryan Wolbert
Keyword(s):  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Effective Manner

<p>Acid mine drainage (AMD) is considered as one of the most prevalent environmental problems worldwide and remediation of AMD-affected streams remains a major challenge due to the large affected areas, large volume of polluted water, poor accessibility, and lack of financial supports. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely investigated as potential remedial options for contaminated water bodies of variety of settings, such as groundwater and waste discharges. This study presents a novel cost-effective approach for utilizing AOPs on improving quality of AMD-affected streams. Slow-release cylinders and pellets were created using polymeric binder and reagent salts that release strong oxidant and alkalinity upon dissolution in water. Results of column tests demonstrated that release durations were over 29 days and up to 100% iron removal was achieved within 20 minutes. Field-scale slow-release forms were manufactured and applied to an AMD site in southeast Ohio, USA for a 29-day demonstration study. Narrow channels were constructed for installation of slow-release forms and characterization of quality and flow of mine seeps and AMD stream during low subsurface flow periods. Results of field investigations suggest that the slow-release forms can be used to rapidly remove metals from AMD, as well as improve water parameters such as pH and minimize ecological impacts of remediation within the system in cost-effective manner.</p><p> </p>

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