scholarly journals Soil apparent electrical conductivity and must carbon isotope ratio provide indication of plant water status in wine grape vineyards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Yu ◽  
Daniele Zaccaria ◽  
Isaya Kisekka ◽  
S. Kaan Kurtural
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Relative Importance

AbstractProximal sensing is being integrated into vineyard management as it provides rapid assessments of spatial variability of soils’ and plants’ features. The electromagnetic induction (EMI) technology is used to measure soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) with proximal sensing and enables to appraise soil characteristics and their possible effects on plant physiological responses. This study was conducted in a micro irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard to investigate the technical feasibility of appraising plant water status and its spatial variability using soil ECa and must carbon isotope ratio analysis (δ13C). Soil temperature and soil water content were monitored in-situ using time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors. Soil ECa was measured with EMI at two depths [0–1.5 m (deep ECa) and 0–0.75 m (shallow ECa)] over the course of the crop season to capture the temporal dynamics and changes. At the study site, the main physical and chemical soil characteristics, i.e. soil texture, gravel, pore water electrical conductivity (ECe), organic carbon, and soil water content at field capacity, were determined from samples collected auguring the soil at equidistant points that were identified using a regular grid. Midday stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf gas exchange, including stomatal conductance (gs), net carbon assimilation (An), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) were measured periodically in the vineyard. The δ13C of produced musts was measured at harvest. The results indicated that soil water content (relative importance = 24%) and texture (silt: relative importance = 22.4% and clay: relative importance = 18.2%) were contributing the most towards soil ECa. Deep soil ECa was directly related to Ψstem (r2 = 0.7214) and gs (r2 = 0.5007). Likewise, δ13C of must was directly related to Ψstem (r2 = 0.9127), gs (r2 = 0.6985), and An (r2 = 0.5693). Results from this work provided relevant information on the possibility of using spatial soil ECa sensing and δ13C analysis to infer plant water status and leaf gas exchange in micro irrigated vineyards.

Soil apparent electrical conductivity and must carbon isotope ratio provide indication of plant water status in wine grape vineyards 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahap Kurtural ◽  
Runze Yu ◽  
Daniele Zaccaria
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Relative Importance

<p>Proximal sensing is being integrated into vineyard management as it provides rapid assessments of spatial variability of soils’ and plants’ features. The electromagnetic induction (EMI) technology is used to measure soil apparent electrical conductivity (EC<sub>a</sub>) with proximal sensing and enables to appraise soil characteristics and their possible effects on plant physiological responses. This study was conducted in a micro irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard to investigate the technical feasibility of appraising plant water status and its spatial variability using soil EC<sub>a</sub> and must carbon isotope ratio analysis (δ<sup>13</sup>C). Soil temperature and soil water content were monitored in-situ using time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors. Soil EC<sub>a</sub> was measured with EMI at two depths [0 – 1.5 m (deep EC<sub>a</sub>) and 0 – 0.75 m (shallow EC<sub>a</sub>)] over the course of the crop season to capture the temporal dynamics and changes. At the study site, the main physical and chemical soil characteristics, i.e. soil texture, gravel, pore water electrical conductivity (EC<sub>e</sub>), organic carbon, and soil water content at field capacity, were determined from samples collected auguring the soil at equidistant points that were identified using a regular grid. Midday stem water potential (Ψ<sub>stem</sub>) and leaf gas exchange, including stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>), net carbon assimilation (A<sub>n</sub>), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE<sub>i</sub>) were measured periodically in the vineyard. The δ<sup>13</sup>C of produced musts was measured at harvest. The results indicated that soil water content (relative importance = 24 %) and texture (silt: relative importance = 22.4 % and clay: relative importance = 18.2 %) were contributing the most towards soil EC<sub>a</sub>. Deep soil EC<sub>a </sub>was directly related to Ψ<sub>stem</sub> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.7214) and g<sub>s </sub>(r<sup>2</sup> = 0.5007). Likewise, δ<sup>13</sup>C of must was directly related to Ψ<sub>stem </sub>(r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9127), g<sub>s </sub>(r<sup>2</sup> = 0.6985), and A<sub>n</sub> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.5693). Results from this work provided relevant information on the possibility of using spatial soil EC<sub>a </sub>sensing and δ<sup>13</sup>C analysis to infer plant water status and leaf gas exchange in micro irrigated vineyards.</p>

scholarly journals Irrigation Factor Approach Based on Soil Water Content: A Nectarine Orchard Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Vera ◽  
Wenceslao Conejero ◽  
María Conesa ◽  
M. Ruiz-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

Precision agriculture requires irrigation supported by an accurate knowledge of the crop water requirements. In this paper, a novel approach for drip irrigation scheduling of fruit trees is presented based on the results obtained during a full growing season in an early-maturing nectarine orchard growing in a clay loam soil in a Mediterranean environment. Real-time water content was monitored in the soil profile of the main root exploration zone by means of capacitance probes; in addition, plant water status (midday stem water potential and leaf gas exchange) and canopy development were frequently measured throughout the vegetative cycle. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values, taken from a nearby automatic meteorological station, and the measured irrigation values allowed the determination of the irrigation factors once irrigation drainage during the season was assumed to be negligible and plant water status was proved to be adequate. The proposed irrigation factors offer a hands-on approach as an easy tool for irrigation management based on suitable soil water deficits, allowing the water requirements of nectarine trees under precision irrigation to be determined in semi-arid agrosystems where water resources are limited.

The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Water

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>

scholarly journals Capability of leaf water content and its threshold values in reflection of soil–plant water status in maize during prolonged drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 107395
Author(s):  
Huailin Zhou ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qijin He ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Yuhe Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Prolonged Drought

scholarly journals Temporal stability of electrical conductivity in a sandy soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura Pedrera-Parrilla ◽  
Eric C. Brevik ◽  
Juan V. Giráldez ◽  
Karl Vanderlinden
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Soil Spatial Variability

Abstract Understanding of soil spatial variability is needed to delimit areas for precision agriculture. Electromagnetic induction sensors which measure the soil apparent electrical conductivity reflect soil spatial variability. The objectives of this work were to see if a temporally stable component could be found in electrical conductivity, and to see if temporal stability information acquired from several electrical conductivity surveys could be used to better interpret the results of concurrent surveys of electrical conductivity and soil water content. The experimental work was performed in a commercial rainfed olive grove of 6.7 ha in the ‘La Manga’ catchment in SW Spain. Several soil surveys provided gravimetric soil water content and electrical conductivity data. Soil electrical conductivity values were used to spatially delimit three areas in the grove, based on the first principal component, which represented the time-stable dominant spatial electrical conductivity pattern and explained 86% of the total electrical conductivity variance. Significant differences in clay, stone and soil water contents were detected between the three areas. Relationships between electrical conductivity and soil water content were modelled with an exponential model. Parameters from the model showed a strong effect of the first principal component on the relationship between soil water content and electrical conductivity. Overall temporal stability of electrical conductivity reflects soil properties and manifests itself in spatial patterns of soil water content.

scholarly journals Using Multivariate Geostatistics to Assess Patterns of Spatial Dependence of Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity and Selected Soil Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glécio Machado Siqueira ◽  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
Montserrat Valcárcel Armesto ◽  
Ênio Farias França e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Multivariate Geostatistics ◽  
Northwestern Spain

The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was continuously recorded in three successive dates using electromagnetic induction in horizontal (ECa-H) and vertical (ECa-V) dipole modes at a 6 ha plot located in Northwestern Spain. One of the ECadata sets was used to devise an optimized sampling scheme consisting of 40 points. Soil was sampled at the 0.0–0.3 m depth, in these 40 points, and analyzed for sand, silt, and clay content; gravimetric water content; and electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste. Coefficients of correlation between ECaand gravimetric soil water content (0.685 for ECa-V and 0.649 for ECa-H) were higher than those between ECaand clay content (ranging from 0.197 to 0.495, when different ECarecording dates were taken into account). Ordinary and universal kriging have been used to assess the patterns of spatial variability of the ECadata sets recorded at successive dates and the analyzed soil properties. Ordinary and universal cokriging methods have improved the estimation of gravimetric soil water content using the data of ECaas secondary variable with respect to the use of ordinary kriging.

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