scholarly journals Financial misconduct and employee mistreatment: Evidence from wage theft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesh Raghunandan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Financial Misconduct ◽  
Earnings Targets ◽  
Personal Liability ◽  
Employee Treatment

AbstractI examine the relation between firms’ financial conduct and wage theft. Wage theft represents the single largest form of theft committed in the United States and primarily affects firms’ most vulnerable employees. I show that wage theft is more prevalent (i) when firms just meet or beat earnings targets and (ii) when executives’ personal liability for wage theft decreases. Wage theft precedes financial misconduct while the theft is undetected, but once firms are caught engaging in wage theft they are more likely to shift to engaging in financial misconduct. My findings highlight an economically meaningful yet previously undocumented way in which firms’ financial incentives relate to employee treatment.

scholarly journals Cash versus Lotteries: COVID-19 Vaccine Incentives Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond M Duch ◽  
Adrian Barnett ◽  
Maciej Filipek ◽  
Laurence Roope ◽  
Mara Violato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Random Assignment

Governments are considering financial incentives to increase vaccine uptake to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Incentives being offered include cash-equivalents such as vouchers or being entered into lotteries. Our experiment involved random assignment of 1,628 unvaccinated participants in the United States to one of three 45 second informational videos promoting vaccination with messages about: (a) health benefits of COVID-19 vaccines (control); (b) being entered into lotteries; or (c) receiving cash equivalent vouchers. After seeing the control health information video, 16% of individuals wanted information on where to get vaccinated. This compared with 14% of those assigned to the lottery video (odds ratio of 0.82 relative to control: 95% credible interval 0.57-1.17) and 22% of those assigned to the cash voucher video (odds ratio of 1.53 relative to control: 95% credible interval 1.11-2.11). These results support greater use of cash vouchers to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake and do not support the use of lottery incentives.

scholarly journals Distance Education in Agricultural Economics: Perceptions of Department Heads

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Kim Jensen ◽  
Burton English ◽  
Christopher Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Department Heads ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Faculty Time ◽  
Distance Courses ◽  
Future Plans

Heads of agricultural economics and agribusiness departments across the United States are surveyed to develop an inventory of distance education (DE) offerings by their departments. Perceived challenges, strategies for use, and future plans for DE are assessed. While the majority of the responding departments offer DE, the department heads believed that faculty time costs to develop/deliver DE are high relative to traditional delivery and that both strategic plans for implementing DE and financial incentives for faculty to adopt DE are lacking. The department heads did, however, have positive views about the technological ability of students to use distance courses.

Nasser’s Cage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Orkaby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Arabia ◽  
Decision To Stay ◽  
Hearts And Minds

The 1964 Arab Summit and subsequent Egyptian-Saudi agreements appeared to mark the end of Egypt’s military adventure in Yemen. In 1965, however, Nasser reneged on his commitment to withdraw, declaring instead his “long-breath strategy” to remain in Yemen indefinitely. Nasser’s decision to stay in Yemen was encouraged by financial incentives from US President Johnson and Soviet Chairman Brezhnev, who preferred to keep Nasser’s aggressive foreign policy contained in Yemen. While supporting Egypt’s continued presence in Yemen, the United States, with a large USAID presence, and the USSR, with a group of pro-Soviet Yemeni leaders, were competing for the “hearts and minds” of Yemenis in an effort to secure an independent position in South Arabia.

A Comparative Analysis of Accountability Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Markets in the United States and the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Glicksman ◽  
Thoko Kaime
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
The European Union

AbstractMarkets in ecosystem services have the potential to provide financial incentives to protect the environment either in lieu of or in addition to more traditional regulatory programmes. If these markets function properly, they can provide enhanced levels of environmental quality or more efficient mechanisms for protecting natural resources that provide vital services to humans. The theoretical benefits of ecosystem services markets may be undercut, however, if care is not taken in creating the legal infrastructure that supports trading to ensure that trades actually provide the promised environmental benefits. This article identifies five essential pillars of an ecosystem services market regime that are necessary to provide operational accountability safeguards. These include financial safeguards, verifiable performance standards, transparency and public participation standards, regulatory oversight mechanisms, and rule of law safeguards. The article assesses whether the laws of the United States (US) and European Union (EU) are well designed to provide such accountability. It concludes that despite recognition of the risk of market manipulation and outright fraud, regulators in the US and the EU to date have responded to these risks largely in an ad hoc and incomplete fashion, rather than embedding the mechanisms for operational accountability discussed in this article into the regulatory framework that governs ecosystem services trading markets.

“No Place for Old Men”: Immigrant Duration, Wage Theft, and Economic Mobility among Day Laborers in Denver, Colorado

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110013
Author(s):  
Rebecca Galemba ◽  
Randall Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The United States ◽  
Day Laborers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Day Labor ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Long Duration

Day laborers are a highly vulnerable population, due to their contingent work arrangements, low socioeconomic position, and precarious immigration status. Earlier studies posited day labor as a temporary bridge for recent immigrants to achieve more stable employment, but recent studies have observed increasing duration of residence in the United States among foreign-born day laborers. This article draws on 170 qualitative interviews and a multi-venue, year-long street corner survey of 411 day laborers in the Denver metropolitan area to analyze how duration in the United States affects day laborers’ wages, work, and wage theft experiences. Compared to recent immigrants, foreign-born day laborers with longer duration in the United States, we found, worked fewer hours and had lower total earnings but also had higher hourly wages and lower exposure to wage theft. We draw on qualitative interviews to address whether this pattern represented weathering, negative selection, or greater discernment. Rather than upward or downward mobility, long duration immigrant day labors had more jagged incorporations experiences. Interviews suggest that day laborers draw on experience to mitigate the risk of wage theft but that the value of experience is undercut by the fierce competition of daily recruitment, ultimately highlighting the compounding vulnerabilities facing longer duration and older immigrant day laborers. The article highlights duration as an understudied precarity factor which can adversely impact the economic assimilation of long duration immigrants who persist in contingent markets like day labor.

Adenauer, Erhard, and the Uses of Prosperity

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
William Glenn Gray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the relationship between West Germany's “economic miracle” and the goal of reunification in the early postwar decades. It argues that Konrad Adenauer was reluctant to mobilize economic resources on behalf of German unity-instead he sought to win trust by proclaiming unswerving loyalty to the West. Ludwig Erhard, by contrast, made an overt attempt to exchange financial incentives for political concessions-to no avail. Both of these chancellors failed to appreciate how West Germany's increasing prosperity undermined its diplomatic position, at least in the near term, given the jealousies and misgivings it generated in Western capitals and in Moscow. Only a gradual process of normalization would allow all four of the relevant powers-France, Britain, the United States, and the USSR-to develop sufficient trust in the economically dynamic Federal Republic to facilitate the country's eventual unification.

scholarly journals Postrzeganie zatrudnienia osób niepełnosprawnych w Chinach i Stanach Zjednoczonych

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-117
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bieliński ◽  
Małgorzata Lewińska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Disabled Workers

The perception of employing people with disabilities in China and the United States The concept of disability has been accompanied by controversies, stereotypes and stigmatization for years. Despite the fact that the number of people with disabilities in China and the United States is still growing, the issue of perceiving the functioning of disabled people in the society and including them to the work environment remains unsolved, notwithstanding the number of legal regulations and financial incentives in China and USA to change the employment of people with disabilities. This study compares the perception of employment of people with disabilities in China and the United States. The comparison was based on a self-conducted study among the Chinese community between February and March 2020 on a group of 121 people using the CAWI method (Computer Assisted Web Interview) and an American study: A national survey of consumer attitudes towards companies that hire people with disabilities, by G.N. Siperstein, N. Romano, A. Mohler, and R. Parker, conducted on 803 residents of the USA randomly selected for telephone interviews. The comparison took place, among others, in the assessment of the employment of disabled people by respondents in the context of other social activities in the company, as well as the satisfaction of the respondents with the results of the disabled at work. It was pointed out that in both China and the USA, previous experiences with people with disabilities may affect a more favorable approach towards employing disabled people. However, there are differences in the satisfaction with services provided by people with disabilities, as well as in trust in disabled workers, where Chinese residents have less positive attitude than their American counterparts.

scholarly journals Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8142
Author(s):  
Sanzana Tabassum ◽  
Tanvin Rahman ◽  
Ashraf Ul Islam ◽  
Sumayya Rahman ◽  
Debopriya Roy Dipta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The U.S

The ambitious target of net-zero emission by 2050 has been aggressively driving the renewable energy sector in many countries. Leading the race of renewable energy sources is solar energy, the fastest growing energy source at present. The solar industry has witnessed more growth in the last decade than it has in the past 40 years, owing to its technological advancements, plummeting costs, and lucrative incentives. The United States is one of the largest producers of solar power in the world and has been a pioneer in solar adoption, with major projects across different technologies, mainly photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and solar heating and cooling, but is expanding towards floating PV, solar combined with storage, and hybrid power plants. Although the United States has tremendous potential for exploiting solar resources, there is a scarcity of research that details the U.S. solar energy scenario. This paper provides a comprehensive review of solar energy in the U.S., highlighting the drivers of the solar industry in terms of technology, financial incentives, and strategies to overcome challenges. It also discusses the prospects of the future solar market based on extensive background research and the latest statistics. In addition, the paper categorizes the U.S. states into five tiers based on their solar prospects calculated using analytical hierarchy process and regression analysis. The price of solar technologies in the U.S. is also predicted up to 2031 using Wright’s law, which projected a 77% reduction in the next decade.

scholarly journals 134,368 Unnamed Workers: Client-Centered Representation on Behalf of H-2A Agricultural Guestworkers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana Beltran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Worker Empowerment ◽  
Civil Lawsuits ◽  
Worker Voice

Forthcoming in: NYU Review of Law and Social Change Each year, tens of thousands of workers, mostly from Mexico and mostly men, enter the United States on temporary visas to labor in its agricultural fields. H-2A workers, as they are known, are the ultimate outsiders: contracted by a single employer for a specified period, they face dangerous labor and housing conditions, without the option of seeking other employment and with no other ties to or rights in the United States. Despite a robust regulatory scheme that mandates terms including their hourly wage and expenses their employer is required to cover, H-2A workers are frequently exploited, experiencing everything from wage theft to the extraction of unlawful recruitment fees. To compound the problem, the systems in place to redress these wrongs are woefully insufficient: government enforcement is weak, and H-2A workers’ ability to take direct action is undercut by factors such as their temporary and isolated presence in the United States and the intentional limitations on their rights and access to legal representation under federal law. Despite these constraints, there are examples of H-2A workers who have filed civil lawsuits against their employers. Having done so, they still encounter obstacles to their full participation in the process, due to the lack of familiarity with the U.S. legal system and the likelihood that the litigation will continue while they are in their home countries. In this article, I explore strategies for minimizing the disconnect between H-2A workers and the process of civil litigation, and consider the ways in which litigation itself can be an empowering process and a vehicle for amplifying worker voice. Using the frame of client-centered lawyering, and drawing on two recent case studies of community lawyering among low-wage immigrant workers, I discuss the methods that lawyers representing H-2A workers can employ during the various stages of a civil lawsuit in order to ensure that their clients are not again relegated to an outsider status. In particular, I focus on four “moments” in the life of a case: the decision to file a lawsuit, the drafting of the complaint, discovery, and trial. Moreover, I also consider how client voice can be amplified outside of the four corners of a lawsuit, and provide strategies for how to amplify worker voice while settling cases and discuss the downstream, indirect effects of litigation on H-2A worker empowerment. By putting these considerations into practice, I argue that litigation itself can serve as an empowering experience for H-2A workers and shed light on the abuses within the H-2A program more generally.

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