An improved and robust scale-up process aided with identification and control of critical process impurities in darunavir ethanolate

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Sathyanarayana Girigani ◽  
Harnam Singh ◽  
Sankar Rao Kola ◽  
Vijayalaxmi Dayanand Yelmeli ◽  
Venu Gopal Regula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Darunavir Ethanolate ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

scholarly journals Potential applications of halophilic microorganisms for biological treatment of industrial process brines contaminated with aromatics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mainka ◽  
David Weirathmüller ◽  
Christoph Herwig ◽  
Stefan Pflügl
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Halophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
And Control

Abstract Saline wastewater contaminated with aromatic compounds can be frequently found in various industrial sectors. Those compounds need to be degraded before reuse of wastewater in other process steps or release to the environment. Halophiles have been reported to efficiently degrade aromatics, but their application to treat industrial wastewater is rare. Halophilic processes for industrial wastewater treatment need to satisfy certain requirements: a continuous process mode, low operational expenditures, suitable reactor systems and a monitoring and control strategy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of halophilic microorganisms, principles of aromatic biodegradation, and sources of saline wastewater containing aromatics and other contaminants. Finally, process examples for halophilic wastewater treatment and potential process monitoring strategies are discussed. To further illustrate the significant potential of halophiles for saline wastewater treatment and to facilitate development of ready-to-implement processes, future research should focus on scale-up and innovative process monitoring and control strategies.

scholarly journals The Use of Granular Cyclopentanone as Alternative to Artificial Source of Carbon Dioxide in Improved Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stella T. Kessy ◽  
Bruno A. Nyundo ◽  
Ladslaus L. Mnyone ◽  
Issa N. Lyimo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Reliable sources of CO2 that are relatively cheap, obtainable, and easy to sustain are immediately required for scaling up of odor-baited mosquito surveillance and control devices. Several odor-baited devices are in the pipeline; however, their scale-up against residual malaria transmission, particularly in resource poor areas, is limited by the unavailability of reliable sources of CO2 and reliance on electrical power sources among other factors. We evaluated the use of granular cyclopentanone as an alternative to artificial or yeast fermentation-produced CO2 in passive outdoor host seeking device (POHD). Experiments were conducted against semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system (SFS) at Ifakara Health Institute. Mosquitoes were tested against odor-baited POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2, granular cyclopentanone, attractive blends (Mbita or Ifakara), or their combinations. An insecticide, bendiocarb, was a killing agent used as a proxy for marking the mosquitoes visit the POHDs. Relative attractiveness of different treatment combinations was compared based on the proportion of dead mosquitoes that visited the POHD. The POHD augmented with granules of cyclopentanone alone was attractive to An. arabiensis as much as, or more than, POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2. The POHD baited with CO2 attracted more mosquitoes than those POHDs baited with synthetic blends alone; when these blends are combined with CO2, they attracted more mosquitoes than individual blends. More importantly, such POHDs baited with cyclopentanone attracted far greater proportion of mosquitoes than the POHD baited with either Mbita or Ifakara blend alone. The granular cyclopentanone strongly enhanced/potentiated the attractiveness of POHD baited with Mbita blends against mosquitoes compared to that of POHD baited with Ifakara blend. Moreover, the granular cyclopentanone retained its residual activity against An. arabiensis for up to 2 months after application particularly when used in combination with Mbita blend. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cyclopentanone granules have the potential to substitute sources of CO2 in outdoor-based surveillance and control devices, thus warranting evaluation of such alternative under realistic field conditions.

scholarly journals Improvements in Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic ◽  
Market Requirement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

The increased use of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors in both chip and encapsulated formats is mainly due to their excellence at decoupling Integrated Circuit Random Access Memories.As a result of this excellent performance, large volumes of this type of capacitor are currently used and indications are that further increases in volume will continue over the next decade. There is therefore a market requirement for continued improvements in performance, reliability and cost.There have been major processing changes for cost reduction reasons, which have resulted in new dielectric systems, changes in electrode types and greatly reduced dielectric thicknesses.Studies of the failure mechanisms in these capacitors have been made, and this paper outlines the effect of process and materials on the reliability of these capacitors.In addition, critical process stages are highlighted and control levels indicated. Some new work on testing techniques and its relevance to delaminations is also reported.

Identification and Control of Critical Process Impurities: An Improved Process for the Preparation of Dolutegravir Sodium

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1461-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srimurugan Sankareswaran ◽  
Madhavarao Mannam ◽  
Veerababu Chakka ◽  
Srirami Reddy Mandapati ◽  
Pramod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
And Control ◽  
Critical Process

scholarly journals Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushayo Oluseun Olu ◽  
Joy Luba Lomole Waya ◽  
Sylvester Maleghemi ◽  
John Rumunu ◽  
David Ameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

Abstract The ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 has spread rapidly to all countries of the world. Africa is particularly predisposed to an escalation of the pandemic and its negative impact given its weak economy and health systems. In addition, inadequate access to the social determinants of health such as water and sanitation and socio-cultural attributes may constrain the implementation of critical preventive measures such as hand washing and social distancing on the continent. Given these facts, the continent needs to focus on targeted and high impact prevention and control strategies and interventions which could break the chain of transmission quickly. We conclude that the available body of scientific evidence on the coronavirus disease 2019 holds the key to the development of such strategies and interventions. Going forward, we recommend that the African research community should scale up research to provide scientific evidence for a better characterization of the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, prevention and control of the virus on the continent.

Scale-up of services and research priorities for diagnosis, management, and control of tuberculosis: a call to action

The Lancet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 375 (9732) ◽  
pp. 2179-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J Marais ◽  
Mario C Raviglione ◽  
Peter R Donald ◽  
Anthony D Harries ◽  
Afranio L Kritski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Preparation and scale up of extended-release tablets of bromopride

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Neves Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Giovani Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Aline Guerra Manssour Fraga ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Rodrigues Pereira da Silva ◽  
Luiz Marcelo Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Tableting Machine ◽  
Compaction Behavior ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
And Control

Reproducibility of the tablet manufacturing process and control of its pharmaceutics properties depends on the optimization of formulation aspects and process parameters. Computer simulation such as Design of Experiments (DOE) can be used to scale up the production of this formulation, in particular for obtaining sustained-release tablets. Bromopride formulations are marketed in the form of extended-release pellets, which makes the product more expensive and difficult to manufacture. The aim of this study was to formulate new bromopride sustained release formulations as tablets, and to develop mathematical models to standardize the scale up of this formulation, controlling weight and hardness of the tablets during manufacture according to the USP 34th edition. DOE studies were conducted using Minitab(tm) software. Different excipient combinations were evaluated in order to produce bromopride sustained-release matrix tablets. In the scale-up study, data were collected and variations in tableting machine parameters were measured. Data were processed by Minitab(tm) software, generating mathematical equations used for prediction of powder compaction behavior, according to the settings of the tableting machine suitable for scale-up purposes. Bromopride matrix tablets with appropriate characteristics for sustained release were developed. The scale-up of the formulation with the most suitable sustained release profile was established by using mathematical models, indicating that the formulation can be a substitute for the pellets currently marketed.

scholarly journals Public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control in Myanmar: a strategy to scale up?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Thet Lwin ◽  
S. K. Sahu ◽  
P. Owiti ◽  
P. Chinnakali ◽  
S. S. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Public Private Mix ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

scholarly journals Scaling Up the Primary Health Integrated Care Project for Chronic Conditions in Kenya: Study Protocol for an Implementation Research Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Nolte ◽  
Jemima Kamano ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Anthony Etyang ◽  
Antonio Gasparrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Project ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract BackgroundAmid the rising number of people with NCDs, Kenya has invested in strengthening primary care and in efforts to expand existing service delivery platforms to integrate care for managing chronic disease. One such approach is the AMPATH model, established in 2001 in western Kenya to provide HIV treatment and control services. The model was progressively adapted and developed further to provide care for people with other chronic conditions. Building on this experience, the Primary Health Integrated Care Project for Chronic Conditions (PIC4C) was launched in 2018 to further strengthen primary care services for the prevention and control of hypertension, diabetes, breast and cervical cancer. This study seeks to understand how well PIC4C delivers on its intended aims and to inform and support scale up of the PIC4C model for integrated care for people with selected chronic conditions in Kenya.MethodsThe study is guided by a conceptual framework on implementing, sustaining and spreading innovation in health service delivery. We use a multimethod design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, involving: (1) in-depth interviews with health workers and decision-makers to explore experiences of delivering PIC4C; (2) a cross-sectional survey of patients newly diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension and in-depth interviews to understand how well PIC4C meets patients’ needs; (3) a cohort study with an interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the degree to which PIC4C leads to health benefits such as improved management of hypertension or diabetes; and (4) a cohort study of households to examine the extent to which the national hospital insurance chronic care package provides financial risk protection to people with hypertension or diabetes within PIC4C.Workshops with decision-makers and other key people at local, county, national and international levels will ensure early and wide dissemination of the findings of the work to allow for the wider scale up of this model of care.DiscussionOur study will generate new knowledge about the key mechanisms and factors that shape the successful implementation of novel ways of delivering more integrated services to better manage and support people with chronic conditions in low resource settings. It will expand understanding of intended and unintended consequences of integrating NCD management into existing care programmes. This knowledge can be leveraged to inform and improve the design and implementation of similar programmes elsewhere in Kenya and beyond.

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