Monitoring Human Development Goals: A Straightforward (Bayesian) Methodology for Cross-National Indices

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobi Abayomi ◽  
Gonzalo Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Bayesian Methodology ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Human development, greenhouse gas emissions and sub-national mitigation burdens: a Brazilian perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geanderson Ambrósio ◽  
Dênis Antônio Da Cunha ◽  
Marcel Viana Pires ◽  
Luis Costa ◽  
Raiza Moniz Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
National Human ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

AbstractInternational frameworks for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation usually disregard country-specific inequalities for the allocation of mitigation burdens. This may hinder low developed regions in a country from achieving development in a socioeconomic perspective, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of eradicating poverty (SDG1) and hunger (SDG2). We use observed data (1991–2010) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions and a sub-national human development index (MicroHDI, range [0, 1]) for Brazilian microregions to design a framework where regional mitigation burdens are proportional to the MicroHDI, without compromising national mitigation pledges. According to our results, the less developed Brazilian regions have not been basing their development in emission-intensive activities; instead, the most developed regions have. Between 2011 and 2050, Brazilian cumulative emissions from the sectors most correlated with MicroHDI are expected to be 325 Gt CO2eq, of which only 50 Gt are associated with regions of MicroHDI < 0.8. Assuming a national GHG mitigation target of 56.5% in 2050 over 2010 (consistent with limiting global warming to 2 ºC), Brazil would emit 190 Gt CO2eq instead of 325 Gt and the 135 Gt reduction is only accounted for by regions after reaching MicroHDI ≥ 0.8. Allocating environmental restrictions to the high-developed regions leaves ground for the least developed ones to pursue development with fewer restrictions. Our heterogeneous framework represents a fairer allocation of mitigation burdens which could be implemented under the concepts of green economy. This work could be an international reference for addressing both environmental and socioeconomic development in developing countries at sub-national level as emphasized by the SDGs.

scholarly journals Peran Pengabdian Masyarakat melalui Penguatan Keluarga, Kelembagaan Sosial dan Desa di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Batoboh ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Avin Wimar Budyastomo ◽  
Saipullah Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Millenium Development Goals ◽  
Development Goals

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan kegiatan yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh dosen untuk melaksanakan tri dharma perguruan tinggi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merupakan suatu kegiatan yang sangat berbeda dengan kegiatan sebelumnya, yakni ditengah pandemik Covid – 19 yang menuntut semua harus menggunakan metode daring. Namun itu tidak menghambat adanya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Selanjutnya, tantangan utama dalam kegiatan ini adalah peraturan dari pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan semua kegiatan secara daring. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan saat ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat dan remaja di Desa Sidomukti Kecamatan Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah dibidang keagamaan, kesehatan, ekonomi, social budaya dan pariwisata. Tujuan utama adalah sebagai kegiatan pengembangan masyarakat sesuai arahan pembangunan manusia (Human Development), mencapai target dan sasaran millenium development goals (MDGS), kompetensi, potensi, sumber daya, dan kemampuan lingkungan dalam wadah kerjasama masyarakat, pemerintah, swasta, dan lembaga lainnya. Hasil yang didapat dalam kegiatan ini adalah terciptanya masyarakat yang mandiri yang dapat menggunakan aset disekitarnya untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat.

Society, Market and Technology Nexus as Contexts of ICT Policies and Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech W. Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Information Revolution ◽  
Typical Characteristic ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Market Society ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
Information Change

Due to the information revolution, societies have been transforming, particularly advanced societies. Contextual analysis of its processes, mechanisms, and effects are needed to understand factors that influence them. Technology – market – society nexus constitutes a context of ICT (Information Communication and Technologies) policies and applications. How could society make ICTs serve social and human goals? Various actors and stakeholders promote ICTs research, applications, and use. They use different means to act and also have different values and interests. Diversity is a typical characteristic of societies. ICTs generation, their multi-sided and multidimensional applications, and their effects depend on cultural abilities of societies to pursue information change. Human development goals, as realized by ICTs, should be analyzed at three levels: global, rational, and individual.

scholarly journals Do First-Movers in Marketing Sustainable Products Enjoy Sustainable Advantages? A Seven-Country Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haili Zhang ◽  
Michael Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Mover ◽  
Cross National

The literature suggests that first-movers enjoy sustainable competitive advantages but suffer some disadvantages. The timing of new product introduction is a major decision for executives who are concerned about sustainability issues. These executives must simultaneously strive for environmental protection, social welfare, the timing of product introduction, and the economic viability of decisions. However, few academic studies have examined how executives balance sustainable first-mover advantages and sustainable development goals in order to achieve sustainable organizational growth and performance. This study develops nine research hypotheses to examine what sustainable advantages first-movers gain by being first to market sustainable products in five industries that are important for advancing sustainable development goals. Using data collected from 1437 executives who are concerned about sustainability issues in seven countries, this study uses Duncan multiple-range tests to examine cross-national similarities and differences between Asian and Western countries. The study results reveal some interesting cross-national similarities and differences. The cross-national differences suggest some competing and signaling strategies for sustainable enterprise development. This study contributes to the existing cross-national research on first-mover advantages, provides a richer understanding of how executives who are concerned about sustainability issues perceive sustainability first-mover advantages and disadvantages, and further expands the theory of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship.

Science and technology in the framework of the sustainable development goals

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Imaz ◽  
Claudia Sheinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose In September 2015, the UN member states approved an ambitious agenda toward the end of poverty, the pursuit of equity and the protection of the planet in the form of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets. The purpose of this paper is to raise a concern about the context and framework that science, technology and innovation have in the finalized text for adoption that frames the SDGs especially regarding environmental degradation. The authors argue that emphasizing technology transfer in the agenda has the risk to do not recognize other technological alternatives such as eco-technologies, and endorse a limited vision of the role of science and innovation in the achievement of the SDGs. Science for sustainability has to go further than technology transfer, even questioning the limits of the current patterns of intensive use of natural resources and inequity in consumption. By discussing the historical backgrounds of this paradigm and elaborating on the role of science to achieve sustainability in a broader sense. It is in these terms that inter- and intra-discipline and the roles of researchers in sustainability transitions acquire relevance. Design/methodology/approach Although many theories regarding human development are in place and under discussion, the dominant view, reflected in the UN agreement, is that the progress of a country can be measured by the growth in the per capita gross domestic product. This variable determines if a society is able to reduce poverty and satisfy its basic needs for present and future generations (Article 3: United Nations (UN), 2015). Progress and economic growth in several aspects of human development has been substantial over the past 40 years. However, at the same time, the state of the environment continues to decline (UNEP, 2012). The obvious inquiry of these opposing trends is whether progress irremediably comes at the cost of environmental degradation. In 1972, the Club of Rome’s report entitled “Limits to growth” (Meadows et al. 1972) confronted the viability of perpetual economic growth. The report alerted of the impossibility of endless growth in population and production in a finite planet (Gómez-Baggethun and Naredo, 2015). The essay forecasted future crises of food and energy if the population and economic growth continued to grow at the same rate of the first half of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, the catastrophic projections were not met, mostly because of great advances in agriculture, water and energy technologies. Findings The SDGs constitute a relevant international recognition of the importance of the three edges of sustainable development. However, the pathways toward the achievement of the SDGs need to fully recognize that poverty, inequalities and global environmental problems are expressing a deeper crisis in the shape of economic growth, patterns of production and consumption and, in general, the logic of no limits in the exploitation of natural resources (Sheinbaum-Pardo, 2015). For this reason, the science of sustainability requires a deep understanding of the technological change and that technology is not the only approach toward sustainability. Research limitations/implications The paper reflects a conceptual discussion of the narrow vision of science and technology in the SDGs and their UN framework. The most important objective in the UN documents is technology transfer. This has the risk to do not recognize other technological alternatives such as eco-technologies, and endorse a limited vision of the role of science and innovation in the achievement of the SDGs. Practical implications An important discussion of the key points regarding SDGs is developed. Social implications “Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development (UN, 2015)” presents a narrow vision and a limiting role to the science of sustainability. Moreover, if these issues are not recognized, the achievement of the SDGs will continue to gain only marginal success. Originality/value It brings out a very important discussion of the role of science and technology in the ambitious UN agenda of the SDGs.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development: Is This Paradigm The Remedy of All Challenges? Does Its Goals Capture The Essence of Real Development and Sustainability? With Reference to Discourses, Creativeness, Boundaries and Institutional Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medani P. Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Goals 2000 ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Institutional Architecture ◽  
United Nation

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of sustainable development with reference to discourses, creativeness, boundaries and institutional architecture. The main purpose of the research is to understand current global challenges – environmental, geographic, socioeconomic – poverty, hunger, health and inequality. Sustainability is a complex issue which interchangeably in use with sustainable development. The term sustainability discourse stands to maintain the equilibrium between nature and society and fulfill the societal demands (which could be environmental, economic and social. The boundaries of sustainable development can also be seen and evaluated in terms of institutionalization process and organizational process. More importantly, United Nation has been vigorously working to overcome with these challenges through various initiatives. In this regard, United Nation has been pioneering to minimize global challenges throughout its history. United Nation declared four decades (1960-1990) as development decade with the objective of total development primarily in the developing world. In 1990, UN presented Human Development Report 1990, and in 2000 UN declared millennium development goals (2000-2015). However, Goals were only partially achieved. With this experience, UN declared “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which declared 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets. The investigation of the topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) what is the epistemological stand of sustainable development; 2) how discourses are developed, what is the limitation; 3) boundaries, how creativeness is incorporated in the sustainability domain and are SDGs are achievable; 4) are governments are ready to cope with the domestic and international challenges. The results of the research can be useful for many scholars, international organizations, governments, civil societies. Keywords: United Nations, Human Development, Millennium Development Goals, Discourses, Boundaries, Creativeness, Institution, Sustainable Development, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, South Asia, Environmental Problems, Over Population, Poverty, Hunger, UNESCO, WHO, Epistemology.

scholarly journals Zakat Fund As The Starting Point Of Entrepreneurship In Order to Alleviate Poverty (SDGs Issue)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 063
Author(s):  
Lily Rahmawati Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

As known, Indonesia is a nation with the largerst Moslem society in the world. According to data issued by Bappenas, in 2020 the population of Indonesia is predicted about 271,066,400 people (Bappenas: 2018). 85 percent of this population (ca. 230.406.440 people) are Moslems. It shows the huge potential in the acceptance of zakat fund, as an obligation for a Moslem who has qualified in accordance with the provisions of Islam.            Since MDGs declared in 2000 (UNRC: 2008) which contains a commitment to accelerate human development and poverty alleviation (8 goals),  Indonesia has a strong commitment to achieve the MDGs targets became one of Indonesia’s main priorities. As a continuation of the MDGs program, in 2015, more than 190 world leaders committed to 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Indonesia, 17 SDGs are grouped into 4 part, one of them is poverty alleviation (UNDP Indonesia: 2018). One of the goals for poverty alleviation is explained with the goal number 8, that is decent work and economic growth. And one of the drivers the existence of decent work and economic growth is the growth of entrepreneurship activities.The growth of entrepreneurship can be implemented with the support of funds. One of them come from the distribution of zakat fund acceptance.            By terminology, zakat means a certain amount of property that is required by Allah SWT to be given to the mustahik mentioned in the Qur’an. Or it could also mean a certain amount of certain property given to a particular person (Solihin: 2010). There is a fund transfer from muzaki (zakat payer) to mustahik (zakat recipient).With the transfer of funds, there is an expectation that there will be a better life change for mustahik, so that in time they will be becomes muzaki.This activity is expected to occur continously, forming a circle of increasing goodness. And ultimately will improve society wellbeing.            To support this paper, the author use a qualitative methods with secondary datas and supported by Tawhidi String Relation (TSR) theory which includes the method of circular causation and IIE (interaction, integration and evolution) method. Keywords : zakat, entrepreneurship, poverty alleviation, SDGs, TSR 

Governing the Commons to Promote Global Justice: Climate Change Mitigation and Rent Taxation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jakob ◽  
Ottmar Edenhofer ◽  
Ulrike Kornek ◽  
Dominic Lenzi ◽  
Jan Minx
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Resource Rents ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Change Mitigation

Climate change mitigation means restricting the use of the atmosphere as a disposal space for greenhouse gas emissions, which would create a novel scarcity rent. Appropriating this rent via fiscal policies, such as taxes, together with already existing scarcity rents of land and natural resources, could be an economically efficient source of public revenues to advance human development objectives. This chapter discusses how an international climate agreement would turn the atmosphere into a common property regime and describes equity principles that determine how the resulting climate rent is distributed. It then estimates how carbon pricing in combination with appropriate revenue recycling could advance human development goals. It also considers equity aspects of distributing land and natural resource rents as well as the potential of these rents to promote global justice. Finally, it assesses the political feasibility of combining rent taxation with targeted investment, drawing conclusions for the potential implementation of such an approach.

Human Development in an Unequal World

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seeta Prabhu ◽  
Sandhya S. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Development Practice

This book is about the human development paradigm that is assuming renewed importance at a time when global dialogue is preoccupied with discussing pathways for achieving the 2030 agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It deals with the knowledge of human development in an unequal world and examines a range of issues of contemporary relevance, such as social sectors, poverty, gender inequality, social exclusion, and sustainability. Arguments in favour of human freedoms and flourishing are pertinent as societies in contemporary times are getting increasing broken into multiple identities and social categories. The ‘Unequal World’ represents the conjunction of human unfreedoms due to deprivations and inequalities in multiple realms. It argues for a paradigmatic shift in analysis, policy, and methodology towards a people-centered approach rooted in human flourishing and freedoms. This book seeks to bring back people to the forefront, and refocus on the centrality of peoples’ choices and freedoms. It is anchored in the human development paradigm and examines a range of issues that reflect the dimensions of an unequal world. Set within the broader framework that includes processes, institutions, and actors, the book explores both analytical and empirical realms. The ten chapters of the book weave together the numerous concepts, methods, and evidence. The comprehensive coverage and the integrated framework presented will enable readers across the globe to arrive at a thorough understanding of the human development approach and apply these frameworks in development practice with a fresh and more relevant perspective.

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