scholarly journals The Gender Life Satisfaction/Depression Paradox

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Becchetti ◽  
Gianluigi Conzo
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Affect Intensity ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Survey Round ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Self Assessed Health

AbstractAccording to the gender life satisfaction/depression paradox women are significantly more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction than men after controlling for all relevant socio-demographic factors, but also significantly more likely to declare they are depressed. We find that the paradox holds in the cross-country sample of the European Social Survey and is stable across age, education, self-assessed health, macroregion and survey round splits. We find support for the affect intensity rationale showing that women are relatively more affected in their satisfaction about life by the good or bad events or achievements occurring during their existence and less resilient (less likely to revert to their standard levels of happiness after a shock). We as well discuss biological, genetic, cultural, personality rationales advocated in the literature that can explain our findings.

Psychological aspects of well-being and socio-demographic values: results from European Social Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Andrius Smitas ◽  
Loreta Gustainiene
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Survey Round ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The aim of the study is to explore links between happiness, optimism, resilience and meaningfulness, and socio-demographic factors in 25 European countries. Research methods. Experts-generated single-item questions from European Social Survey round 6 were used to assess happiness, optimism, resilience, meaningfulness in life. Results. Greater number of years of completed education relates to higher scores of happiness, optimism, meaningfulness and resilience in most European countries. However, in Western Europe and Scandinavian countries age does not relate or positively relates with psychological aspects of well-being, however in most Post-Soviet countries this relationship is negative. Conclusions. Happiness, optimism, meaningfulness and resilience in most European countries were related to age and years of completed education with no specific differences between regions.   Keywords: optimism; resilience; happiness; meaningfulness; demographics      

scholarly journals European adults’ physical activity socio-demographic correlates: a cross-sectional study from the European Social Survey

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Miguel Peralta ◽  
Ricardo Catunda ◽  
Luís Saboga Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Background.From a public health perspective, the study of socio-demographic factors related to physical activity is important in order to identify subgroups for intervention programs.Objective.This study aimed to identify the prevalence of, and the socio-demographic correlates related to, the achievement of recommended physical activity levels.Methods.Using data from the European Social Survey round 6, physical activity and socio-demographic characteristics were collected, in 2012, from 39,278 European adults (18,272 men, 21,006 women), aged 18–65 years, from 28 countries. The question of meeting physical activity guidelines was assessed using World Health Organization criteria.Results.A total of 64.50% (63.36% men, 66.49% women) attained physical activity recommended levels. The likelihood of attaining physical activity recommendations was higher in the 55–64 years age group (men: OR = 1.22,p< 0.05; women: OR = 1.66,p< 0.001), among those who had secondary education (men: OR = 1.28,p< 0.01; women: OR = 1.26,p< 0.05), among those who lived in rural areas (men: OR = 1.20,p< 0.001; women: OR = 1.10,p< 0.05), and among those who had three or more people living at home (men: OR = 1.40,p< 0.001; women: OR = 1.43,p< 0.001). On the other hand, attaining physical activity recommendations was negatively associated with being unemployed (men: OR = 0.70,p< 0.001; women: OR = 0.87,p< 0.05), being a student (OR = 0.56,p< 0.001; women: OR = 0.64,p< 0.01), being a retired person (men: OR = 0.86,p< 0.05) and with having a higher household income (OR = 0.80,p< 0.001; women: OR = 0.81,p< 0.01).Conclusions.This research helped clarify that, as the promotion of physical activity is critical to sustain health and prevent disease, socio-demographic factors are important to consider when planning the increase of physical activity.

Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Magun ◽  
M. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

scholarly journals A condição sénior no Sul da Europa e na Escandinávia

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-542
Author(s):  
António Calha
Keyword(s):  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Survey Round

O aumento da esperança média de vida associado a uma retração significativa da natalidade tem contribuído para um rápido envelhecimento das sociedades e uma profunda alteração da estrutura demográfica de muitos dos países europeus. Neste artigo, analisamos as especificidades da condição sénior nos países do Sul da Europa e da Escandinávia. Tratando-se de países com uma configuração de modelos de proteção social distintos, procuramos perceber se existem formas diferenciadas de viver a velhice nessas sociedades. Para tal, recorremos à análise dos resultados obtidos no European Social Survey (round 5 - 2010). A análise realizada revela que a existência de diferentes modelos que configuram a condição sénior nas sociedades em análise traduz-se em formas diferenciadas de lidar com o processo de envelhecimento. Concluímos que a condição de idoso não depende exclusivamente dos fatores biológicos relacionados com a limitação física, pois o contexto social em que se enquadra a vivência desse período da vida também influencia a condição sénior e a forma como os idosos a perspetivam.

scholarly journals Immigration attitudes in the wake of the 2015 migration crisis in the Visegrád Group countries

Intersections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Cichocki ◽  
Piotr Jabkowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrad Group

In the summer of 2015 the tensions over managing external immigration into the European Union morphed into a full-blown crisis. Political and social reactions towards the Balkan Route emergency exposed major divisions between EU member states. Notably, the Visegrád Group (V4) countries, i.e. Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, stood out as a block united by governmental opposition to immigration. This political unity of countries should not be interpreted, however, as certain proof for an underlying convergence of social attitudes to migration. This paper examines the impact of the crisis on the V4 public opinion on the basis of cross-country surveys, with special attention afforded to a comparative analysis of European Social Survey waves 7 (2014) and 8 (2016). General Linear Modelling is used to test two hypotheses concerning the linkage between opposition to immigration and normative orientations in Czechia, Hungary and Poland (with Slovakia missing from ESS7 and ESS8). We demonstrate that adherence to the values of Universalism corelates with lower levels of opposition to immigration, which had been the case prior to the 2015 crisis and has mostly remained true thereafter. When it comes to respondents expressing value-based concerns with Security, they are more likely to voice more negative opinions about immigration after the crisis, although no such association held in 2014 measurements. We postulate that this public opinion shift should be interpreted as an effect of the strong securitisation of the immigration debate in the V4 countries.

Right-wing populist attitudes among European public servants – A cross-country comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-506
Author(s):  
Wouter van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
European Public ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Thus far, there has not been any investigation into the populist held beliefs and attitudes among public servants. These attitudes, given the considerable discretionary decision power of public servants, and their influence in policy-making processes, could have a significant impact on public policies. This paper investigates the populist attitudes of public servants, based on data that are retrieved from the European Social Survey. The paper compares public servants from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The results show that public servants hold surprisingly similar populist views as compared with non-public servants, and that there are striking differences between countries. There are significant implications for the work public servants do, and the representativeness of the administration.

scholarly journals Social Exclusion and Subjective Well-being Among Older Adults in Europe: Findings From the European Social Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
General Health ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social

Abstract Objectives The current study aims to examine how social exclusion is related to subjective well-being in older adults across different European regions. Methods European population-based cross-sectional study design was employed using data sampled from the eighth round of the European Social Survey (ESS). Multiple items for social exclusion were used in this round, including household income, civic participation, frequent meetings with friends and relatives, basic health services, and neighborhood cohesion. Life satisfaction, happiness, and self-rated general health were also assessed. An ANOVA was performed to examine the regional differences related to social exclusion and subjective well-being, while a regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the social exclusion and subjective well-being. Results There were significant regional differences in the social exclusion and subjective well-being of older Europeans. In addition, older adults in the Nordic nations are more likely to indicate higher levels of subjective well-being and lower levels of social exclusion, while older adults from Central and Eastern European nations tend to report lower levels of subjective well-being and higher levels of social exclusion. Material resources and basic services are highlighted as the most important domains pertaining to life satisfaction, happiness, and general health. Discussion The study findings reinforce the inequality in subjective well-being linked to social exclusion across different societies. Both global and country-specific exclusion models in later life should be implemented in order to enhance comparable research and provide insight into EU and national guidelines for interventions to diminish social exclusion.

scholarly journals Social capital, ‘Ghent’ and workplace contexts matter: Comparing union membership in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ebbinghaus ◽  
Claudia Göbel ◽  
Sebastian Koos
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Union Density ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Establishment Size ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross National

Union density still varies considerably across Europe. This cross-national diversity has inspired multiple explanations ranging from institutional to workplace or socio-demographic factors. In this comparative multilevel analysis, we combine personal, workplace and macro-institutional explanations of union membership using the European Social Survey. By controlling for individual factors, we test the cross-national effect of meso- and macro-level variables, in particular workplace representation, establishment size, Ghent unemployment insurance and a society’s social capital. We conclude that all these institutional and social contextual factors matter in explaining differences in union membership.

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