scholarly journals A general argument against structured propositions

Synthese ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pagin
Keyword(s):  
Structured Propositions ◽  
General Argument

scholarly journals Closed Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fritz ◽  
Harvey Lederman ◽  
Gabriel Uzquiano
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Structured Propositions ◽  
Higher Order Logic ◽  
Closed Structure

AbstractAccording to the structured theory of propositions, if two sentences express the same proposition, then they have the same syntactic structure, with corresponding syntactic constituents expressing the same entities. A number of philosophers have recently focused attention on a powerful argument against this theory, based on a result by Bertrand Russell, which shows that the theory of structured propositions is inconsistent in higher order-logic. This paper explores a response to this argument, which involves restricting the scope of the claim that propositions are structured, so that it does not hold for all propositions whatsoever, but only for those which are expressible using closed sentences of a given formal language. We call this restricted principle Closed Structure, and show that it is consistent in classical higher-order logic. As a schematic principle, the strength of Closed Structure is dependent on the chosen language. For its consistency to be philosophically significant, it also needs to be consistent in every extension of the language which the theorist of structured propositions is apt to accept. But, we go on to show, Closed Structure is in fact inconsistent in a very natural extension of the standard language of higher-order logic, which adds resources for plural talk of propositions. We conclude that this particular strategy of restricting the scope of the claim that propositions are structured is not a compelling response to the argument based on Russell’s result, though we note that for some applications, for instance to propositional attitudes, a restricted thesis in the vicinity may hold some promise.

scholarly journals First among equals: co-hyperintensionality for structured propositions

Synthese ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Class ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Structured Propositions ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Semantic Difference ◽  
Logical Equivalence ◽  
Structural Identity ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Structural Isomorphism

AbstractTheories of structured meanings are designed to generate fine-grained meanings, but they are also liable to overgenerate structures, thus drawing structural distinctions without a semantic difference. I recommend the proliferation of very fine-grained structures, so that we are able to draw any semantic distinctions we think we might need. But, in order to contain overgeneration, I argue we should insert some degree of individuation between logical equivalence and structural identity based on structural isomorphism. The idea amounts to forming an equivalence class of different structures according to one or more formal criteria and designating a privileged element as a representative of all the elements, i.e., a first among equals. The proposed method helps us to a cluster of notions of co-hyperintensionality. As a test case, I consider a recent objection levelled against the act theory of structured propositions. I also respond to an objection against my methodology.

scholarly journals Trois regards sur la notion de « culture chinoise »

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-116
Author(s):  
Basile Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Interactional Expertise ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
Chinese Studies

Abstract Chinese studies are going through a period of reforms. This article appraises what could constitute the theoretical and methodological foundations of contemporary sinology today. The author suggests an approach of “Chinese culture” by drawing from recent frameworks of Science and Technology Studies (STS). The paper starts with current debates in Asian studies, followed by a historical overview of the concept of culture in anthropology. Then, two short case studies are presented with regard to two different STS approaches: studies of expertise and experience and the notion of interactional expertise, and the framework of waves and forms. A general argument is thereby sketched which suggests how “Chinese culture” can be understood from the perspective of materiality.

The case of ‘losses in any event’: a question of duty, cause or damages?

Legal Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-585
Author(s):  
Mark Stiggelbout
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Private Law ◽  
General Argument ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pure Economic Loss ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
Careful Comparison

This paper considers the relevance of a finding that, even absent the defendant's unlawfulness, the private law claimant would have suffered the losses claimed. It provides a principled framework for considering the issues raised by such a finding of ‘losses in any event’, arguing that it should be distinguished both from causation of injury and from the scope of the defendant's duty of care, and that it should be treated as raising a question of damages. It highlights the need, particularly in pure economic loss cases, for a careful comparison of the real and the hypothetical losses so as to determine whether the latter would indeed have been losses in any event. In this regard, the decision of the Court of Appeal in Calvert v William Hill Credit Ltd is subjected to close scrutiny. A more general argument advanced is that tort and contract both do and should adopt similar approaches in this field.

Tauberian theorems in a Banach lattice, with applications to the LP spaces

1954 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
D. C. J. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Banach Lattice ◽  
Laplace Transforms ◽  
Tauberian Theorems ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Arbitrary Banach Space ◽  
Lp Spaces ◽  
Special Case

In a previous paper (2) of the author, there was given a treatment of Tauberian theorems for Laplace transforms with values in an arbitrary Banach space. Now, in § 2 of the present paper, this kind of technique is applied to the more special case of Laplace transforms with values in a Banach lattice, and investigations are made on what additional results can be obtained by taking into account the existence of an ordering relation in the space. The general argument is again based on Widder (5) to which frequent references are made.

scholarly journals Structured propositions and trivial composition

Synthese ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 197 (7) ◽  
pp. 2991-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Pickel
Keyword(s):  
Structured Propositions

scholarly journals Valuable Subversions: Gendered Generativity and Sorcerous Production in Central Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Bjørn Enge Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
General Argument ◽  
The Real ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Central Purpose

How is one to analyze the existence of a subterranean dwarfish couple (zwidoma) occupying the space underneath cooking places and whose central purpose is to reinforce a market woman’s sales—but simultaneously feeding off her very body? Using urban and rural ethnographic material from central Mozambique, where such assemblages comprising the zwidoma and a woman are integral to economic life and social orders, this article contextualizes such constellations—effectively interferences within various domains of value—by undertaking an analysis of gendered modalities of generativity. Further, by meditating on various understandings of cosmology and, ultimately, the dynamics constituting the realms of the real, it presents an alternative to influential analyses of capitalism, such as the notion of “occult economies.” An argument is made not only for value’s dynamic and changeable nature but also for the necessity to appreciate instances of its subversion with destructive effects. The article underlines, therefore, how such subversions of value, in various forms, is in line with Tsing’s (2015) general argument that critical explorations of capitalism and regimes of valuation and production are best undertaken in peri-capitalist zones—such as urban and rural Mozambique.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Level Electrical Stimulation of the Arotic Root Ventricular Ganglionated Plexi on Electrical and Structural Remodling in Dogs with Heart Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ganglionated Plexi ◽  
Atrial Enlargement ◽  
Stimulation Of

Low-level electrical stimulation (LL-ES) of aortic root ventricular ganglionated plexi (GP) was proved to be antiarrhythmic in the initiation of AF mediated by autonomic nervous system. However,it is still uncertain whether LL-ES of the ventricular GP can reverse the structural remodeling of myocardial fibrosis and atrial enlargement following heart failure by attenuating the sympathetic tone. Therefore,this review will give an general argument on this topic.

scholarly journals Information Flow in Logics in the Vicinity of BB

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Andrew Tedder
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Multiple Channels ◽  
Ternary Relation ◽  
Situation Theory ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Semantic Framework ◽  
Composite Channels ◽  
Previous Argument ◽  
Existence Criterion ◽  
Channel Theory

Situation theory, and channel theory in particular, have been used to provide motivational accounts of the ternary relation semantics of relevant, substructural, and various non-classical logics. Among the constraints imposed by channel-theory, we must posit a certain existence criterion for situations which result from the composites of multiple channels (this is used in modeling information flow). In associative non-classical logics, it is relatively easy to show that a certain such condition is met, but the problem is trickier in non-associative logics. Following Tedder (2017), where it was shown that the conjunction-conditional fragment of the logic B admits the existence of composite channels, I present a generalised ver- sion of the previous argument, appropriate to logics with disjunction, in the neighbourhood ternary relation semantic framework. I close by suggesting that the logic BB+(^I), which falls between Lavers' system BB+ and B+ , satisfies the conditions for the general argument to go through (and prove that it satisfies all but one of those conditions).

scholarly journals Kedudukan Shalat Sunnah Qabliyyah Jumat Dalam Pemikiran Hukum Imâm Al-Nawawî

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Rizky Muktamirul Khair ◽  
Busyro Busyro
Keyword(s):  
Execution Time ◽  
General Argument ◽  
The Law

The firm stipulation of sunnah qabliyah prayer is not found in the hadith of the Prophet, but among the scholars of the Shafi'yah, such practice is still carried out by likening it to other fardhu prayers. The practice has been studied extensively by Shafi'yah scholars, and one of them is Imâm al-Nawawî. The question asked in this discussion is the rationale of Imâm al-Nawawî in establishing the law of sunnah law for the prayer and when its execution time. According to Imâm al-Nawawî, the argumentis the generality of hadith announcement about sunnah rawatib prayer and the use of qiyas between Zuhr prayer and Jumat prayer. The general argument is more valid and strong compared with other postulates. As for the time of its implementation, sunnah qabliyyah prayerfor Jumat prayer may be done if there is the first azan when zawâl. Whereas if only one azan, may pray two rak'ah with the intention of sunnah qabliyyahbefore Jum’ah prayer together with tahiyyatul masjid prayer for the new arrival at khutbah. As for those who have sat before the khutbah, it is enough with sunnah muthlaq prayer.

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