Evaluation of the Effective Inactivation of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses From Swine Effluent and Sludge at Tropical Temperatures

A surface sample representing a high contaminated loamy sand soil irrigated with sewage effluent since 30 years and was cultivated with artichoke was collected from Abu-Rawash sewage farm. The existence of HVC, enteric infectious bacteria and parasites in sewaged soil found to be negative for the forward and positive for the latter's. Out of the 30 samples separated from the sewaged soil sample, only 3 samples contained parasitic fauna of developed and undeveloped Ascaris (10%) and five samples contained Entamoeba coli. Results showed that the number of Ascaris eggs/gm soil was 0.017 and the number of E. coli/gm was 0.26. Decontamination of soil parasites was effective using either calcium hypochlorite or potassium permanganate. Salmonella, Vibrio and Campelobacter were detected in the high contaminated sewaged soil and survived for 120 days in the sewaged soil under all control and bioremediated treatments irrigated with either sewage effluent or water.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Enteric bacteria boost defences against oxidative stress in Entamoeba histolytica.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.733449920.793548847 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Leitsch

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Enteric Bacteria

Download Full-text

Swine Effluent for Tomato in a Plasticulture Production System

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.524a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 524a-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kent Cushman ◽

Thomas Horgan

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Source ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Swine Effluent ◽

Soluble Fertilizer ◽

Source Number

Tomato was grown in Fall 1997 with swine effluent or commercial soluble fertilizer in a plasticulture production system. Four cultivars, `Mountain Delight', `Celebrity', `Equinox', and `Sunbeam', were transplanted to raised beds with plastic mulch and drip irrigation. Preplant fertilizer was not applied. Effluent from the Wiley L. Bean Swine Demonstration Unit's secondary lagoon was filtered through in-line screen filters and applied directly to the plants through the irrigation system. Toward the end of each application, sodium hypochlorite was injected in the line to achieve a free chlorine concentration of ≈1%. Clogging of filters or drip emitters did not occur. Control plants received 100 ppm N from soluble fertilizer injected in irrigation lines supplied by a municipal water source. Number and weight of tomatoes from plants receiving swine effluent were equal to that of plants receiving soluble fertilizer. No differences in fruit quality were evident between treatments. Plant dry weight was also equal for three out of four cultivars. No differences in soil characteristics were detected between treatments after the study. Chemical analysis of the effluent showed a pH of 7.8 and nutrient concentrations of ≈110 ppm NH4-N, 57 ppm P2O5, 150 ppm K2O, and trace amounts of Cu and Zn. Though no differences in yield were detected in this study, the effluent's high pH and high NH4-N content need to be managed more closely for commercial tomato production.

Download Full-text

Urban Wastewater Discharge and Bacteriological Quality of Receiving Coastal Waters: Processes and Modelling

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0306 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 223-226

Author(s):

J.-F. Guillaud ◽

M. Pommepuy ◽

E. Dupray ◽

J.-C. Salomon ◽

B. Thouvenin

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Wastewater Discharge ◽

Urban Wastewater ◽

Bacteria Transport

The aim of this paper is to present some results of bacterial studies which were developed by IFREMER in coastal discharge areas of urban wastewaters; they are focused on the determination of bacterial inputs by wastewater treatment plants, the role of environmental factors on the enteric bacteria survival in the coastal zone, and the modelling of bacteria transport and disappearance in order to provide useful management information for minimizing faecal pollution in the coastal zone.

Download Full-text

Use of gene probes for the detection of quiescent enteric bacteria in marine and fresh waters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0628 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (5-6) ◽

pp. 291-298

Author(s):

Sally A. Anderson ◽

Gillian D. Lewis ◽

Michael N. Pearson

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filtration ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Probe Method ◽

Detection Methods ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Gene Probe ◽

Selective Media ◽

Selective Enrichment ◽

E Coli

Specific gene probe detection methods that utilise a non-selective culturing step were tested for the ability to recognise the presence of quiescent enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis ) within illuminated freshwater and seawater microcosms. An E. coli specific uidA gene probe and a 23S rRNA oligonucleotide probe for Enterococci were compared with recoveries using membrane filtration and incubation on selective media (mTEC and mE respectively). From these microcosm experiments a greater initial detection (from 4 hours to 1 day) of E. coli and Ent. faecalis using gene probe methods was observed. Additionally, a comparison of E. coli direct viable counts (DVC) in sunlight exposed microcosms with recoveries by selective media and gene probe methods revealed a large number of viable non-culturable cells. This suggests that enumeration of E. coli by a gene probe method is limited by the replication of the bacteria during the initial non-selective enrichment step. The detection of stressed Ent. faecalis by the oligonucleotide gene probe method was significantly greater than recovery on selective mE agar, indicating an Enterococci non-growth phase.

Download Full-text

Global versus Local Regulatory Roles for Lrp-Related Proteins: Haemophilus influenzae as a Case Study

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.183.13.4004-4011.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 183 (13) ◽

pp. 4004-4011 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Devorah Friedberg ◽

Michael Midkiff ◽

Joseph M. Calvo

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Regulatory Function ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

E Coli ◽

Sequence Identity ◽

Related Proteins

ABSTRACT Lrp (leucine-responsive regulatory protein) plays a global regulatory role in Escherichia coli, affecting expression of dozens of operons. Numerous lrp-related genes have been identified in different bacteria and archaea, includingasnC, an E. coli gene that was the first reported member of this family. Pairwise comparisons of amino acid sequences of the corresponding proteins shows an average sequence identity of only 29% for the vast majority of comparisons. By contrast, Lrp-related proteins from enteric bacteria show more than 97% amino acid identity. Is the global regulatory role associated withE. coli Lrp limited to enteric bacteria? To probe this question we investigated LrfB, an Lrp-related protein fromHaemophilus influenzae that shares 75% sequence identity with E. coli Lrp (highest sequence identity among 42 sequences compared). A strain of H. influenzae having anlrfB null allele grew at the wild-type growth rate but with a filamentous morphology. A comparison of two-dimensional (2D) electrophoretic patterns of proteins from parent and mutant strains showed only two differences (comparable studies withlrp + and lrp E. coli strains by others showed 20 differences). The abundance of LrfB in H. influenzae, estimated by Western blotting experiments, was about 130 dimers per cell (compared to 3,000 dimers per E. colicell). LrfB expressed in E. coli replaced Lrp as a repressor of the lrp gene but acted only to a limited extent as an activator of the ilvIH operon. Thus, although LrfB resembles Lrp sufficiently to perform some of its functions, its low abundance is consonant with a more local role in regulating but a few genes, a view consistent with the results of the 2D electrophoretic analysis. We speculate that an Lrp having a global regulatory role evolved to help enteric bacteria adapt to their ecological niches and that it is unlikely that Lrp-related proteins in other organisms have a broad regulatory function.

Download Full-text

Methods, Protocols, Guidance and Standards for Performance Evaluation for Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies: History, Current Status, Future Needs and Directions

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1094

Author(s):

Emily S. Bailey ◽

Nikki Beetsch ◽

Douglas A. Wait ◽

Hemali H. Oza ◽

Nirmala Ronnie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Current Status ◽

Household Water Treatment ◽

Produce Water ◽

Point Of Use ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Injury And Repair ◽

Testing Protocols

It is estimated that 780 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources and approximately 2 billion people use fecally contaminated drinking water. Effective point-of-use water treatment systems (POU) can provide water with sufficiently reduced concentrations of pathogenic enteric microorganisms to not pose significant health risks to consumers. Household water treatment (HWT) systems utilize various technologies that physically remove and/or inactivate pathogens. A limited number of governmental and other institutional entities have developed testing protocols to evaluate the performance of POU water treatment systems. Such testing protocols are essential to documenting effective performance because inferior and ineffective POU treatment technologies are thought to be in widespread use. This critical review examines specific practices, procedures and specification of widely available POU system evaluation protocols. Testing protocols should provide standardized and detailed instructions yet be sufficiently flexible to deal with different treatment technologies, test microbe priorities and choices, testing facility capabilities and public health needs. Appropriate infectivity or culture assays should be used to quantify test enteric bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites, or other appropriate surrogates or substitutes for them, although processes based on physical removal can be tested by methods that detect microbes as particles. Recommendations include further research of stock microbe production and handling methods to consistently yield test microbes in a realistic state of aggregation and, in the case of bacteria, appropriately physiologically stressed. Bacterial quantification methods should address the phenomenon of bacterial injury and repair in order to maximally recover those that are culturable and potentially infectious. It is only with harmonized national and international testing protocols and performance targets that independent and unbiased testing can be done to assure consumers that POU treatment technologies are able to produce water of high microbial quality and low health risk.

Download Full-text