scholarly journals Biochar Capacity to Mitigate Acidity and Adsorb Metals—Laboratory Tests for Acid Sulfate Soil Drainage Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Kinnunen ◽  
Annamari Laurén ◽  
Jukka Pumpanen ◽  
Tiina M. Nieminen ◽  
Marjo Palviainen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Sulfate Soils

AbstractA 96-h laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the potential of biochar as a water protection tool for acid sulfate soil runoff. Acid sulfate soils pose a risk to water bodies due to acid, metal-rich runoff, especially in drained peatland forests. New water protection methods, such as adsorption with biochar, are needed. We investigated the capability of spruce and birch biochar to adsorb metals and reduce acidity in the water. Water from an acid sulfate site was stirred with biochar, biochar with lime, and biochar with ash. We determined water Al, S, Fe, Cu, Co, Cd, Ni, and Zn concentrations periodically, as well as pH and total organic carbon at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The studied substances are considered the most abundant and environmentally harmful elements in the acid sulfate soils in Finland. Biochar surface characteristics were analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy. Concentration changes were used to parametrize adsorption kinetics models. Biochar adsorbed metals and increased pH, but lime and ash additives did not always improve the adsorption. Spruce biochar and ash addition had generally higher adsorption than birch biochar and lime addition. The adsorption was dominated by Al and Fe at lower pH, while increasing pH improved the adsorption of Cd and Zn. The results show that biochar can increase the water pH, as well as adsorb Al, Fe, Co, Cd, Ni, and Zn. Further work could include an actual-scale biochar reactor in a laboratory and field conditions.

PEUBAH KUALITAS AIR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT LAUT (Gracilaria verrucosa) DI TAMBAK TANAH SULFAT MASAM KECAMATAN ANGKONA KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Akhmad Mustafa ◽  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah ◽  
Dody Dharmawan Trijuno ◽  
Ruslaini Ruslaini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Water Quality Variables ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Rumput laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) telah dibudidayakan di tambak tanah sulfat masam dengan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peubah kualitas air yang mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan rumput laut di tambak tanah sulfat masam Kecamatan Angkona Kabupaten Luwu Timur Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pemeliharaan rumput laut dilakukan di 30 petak tambak  terpilih selama 6 minggu. Bibit rumput laut dengan bobot 100 g basah ditebar dalam hapa berukuran 1,0 m x 1,0 m x 1,2 m. Peubah tidak bebas yang diamati adalah laju pertumbuhan relatif, sedangkan peubah bebas adalah peubah kualitas air yang meliputi: intensitas cahaya, salinitas, suhu, pH, karbondioksida, nitrat, amonium, fosfat, dan besi. Analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk menentukan peubah bebas yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi peubah tidak bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan relatif rumput laut di tambak tanah sulfat masam berkisar antara 1,52% dan 3,63%/hari dengan rata-rata 2,88% ± 0,56%/hari. Di antara 9 peubah kualitas air yang diamati ternyata hanya 5 peubah kualitas air yaitu: nitrat, salinitas, amonium, besi, dan fosfat yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rumput laut secara nyata. Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan rumput laut di tambak tanah sulfat masam Kecamatan Angkona Kabupaten Luwu Timur dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pupuk yang mengandung nitrogen untuk meningkatkan kandungan amonium dan nitrat serta pemberian pupuk yang mengandung fosfor untuk meningkatkan kandungan fosfat sampai pada nilai tertentu, melakukan remediasi untuk menurunkan kandungan besi serta memelihara rumput laut pada salinitas air yang lebih tinggi, tetapi tidak melebihi 30 ppt.Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) has been cultivated in acid sulfate soil-affected ponds with relatively high quality and quantity of seaweed production. A research has been conducted to study water quality variables that influence the growth of seaweed in acid sulfate soil-affected ponds of Angkona Sub-district East Luwu Regency South Sulawesi Province. Cultivation of seaweed was done for six weeks in 30 selected brackishwater ponds. Seeds of seaweed with weight of 100 g were stocked in hapa sized 1.0 m x 1.0 m x 1.2 m. Dependent variable that was observed was specific growth rate, whereas independent variables were water quality variables including light intensity, salinity, temperature, pH, carbondioxide, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and iron. Analyses of multiple regressions were used to determine the independent variables which could be used to predict the dependent variable. Research result indicated that relative growth rate of seaweed in acid sulfate soils-affected brackishwater ponds ranged from 1.52% to 3.63%/day with 2.88% ± 0.56%/day in average. Among nine observed water quality variables, only five variables namely: nitrate, salinity, ammonium, phosphate and iron influence significantly on the growth of seaweed in acid sulfate soils-affected brackishwater ponds. The growth of seaweed in acid sulfate soils-affected brackishwater ponds of Angkona District East Luwu Regency, can be improved by using nitrogen-based fertilizers to increase ammonium and nitrate contents and also fertilizers which contain phosphorus to improve phosphate content to a certain level. Pond remediation to decrease iron content and also rearing seaweed at higher salinity (but less than 30 ppt) can also be alternatives to increase the growth of seaweed.

scholarly journals Metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from boreal potential and actual acid sulfate soil materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Högfors-Rönnholm ◽  
Margarita Lopez-Fernandez ◽  
Stephan Christel ◽  
Diego Brambilla ◽  
Marcel Huntemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Potential Acid ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Abstract Natural sulfide rich deposits are common in coastal areas worldwide, including along the Baltic Sea coast. When artificial drainage exposes these deposits to atmospheric oxygen, iron sulfide minerals in the soils are rapidly oxidized. This process turns the potential acid sulfate soils into actual acid sulfate soils and mobilizes large quantities of acidity and leachable toxic metals that cause severe environmental problems. It is known that acidophilic microorganisms living in acid sulfate soils catalyze iron sulfide mineral oxidation. However, only a few studies regarding these communities have been published. In this study, we sampled the oxidized actual acid sulfate soil, the transition zone where oxidation is actively taking place, and the deepest un-oxidized potential acid sulfate soil. Nucleic acids were extracted and 16S rRNA gene amplicons, metagenomes, and metatranscriptomes generated to gain a detailed insight into the communities and their activities. The project will be of great use to microbiologists, environmental biologists, geochemists, and geologists as there is hydrological and geochemical monitoring from the site stretching back for many years.

Effects of Bauxsol™ on the immobilisation of soluble acid and environmentally significant metals in acid sulfate soils

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuxia Lin ◽  
Malcolm W. Clark ◽  
David M. McConchie ◽  
Graham Lancaster ◽  
Nick Ward
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Metal Hydroxides ◽  
Acid Neutralising Capacity ◽  
Soluble Acid ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Sulfate Soils

The effects of Bauxsol, an abundant industrial by-product, on the immobilisation of soluble acid and a range of potentially environmentally toxic metals in artificial and natural acid sulfate soils were investigated. The acid neutralising capacity of Bauxsol increased with decreasing pH, which is probably provided not only by basic metal hydroxides, carbonates, and hydroxycarbonates but also by protonation of variably charged particles (e.g. gibbsite and hematite) present in Bauxsol. Simulation experiment results show that the removal of 9 tested environmentally significant heavy metals can be enhanced by addition of BauxsolTM; an exception was Co. The removal of the added soluble heavy metals by the BauxsolTM-soil mixtures shows a preferential order of Pb > Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd > Co > Mn. For the natural acid sulfate soil without added synthesised metal solution, the retention of the investigated environmentally significant metals is in the following decreasing order : Al > Zn > Fe > Co > Mn.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Reclamation on Acid Sulfate Soil and Its Mitigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Arthanur Rifqi Hidayat ◽  
Arifin Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Land reclamation on acid sulfate soil is a process of improving acid sulfate soil to make them suitable for more productive use, such as increasing crop production. These efforts (land clearing and management, as well as water management system) on acid sulfate soils had increased sulfidic material oxidation, followed by soil acidification, the rise of toxic metal solubility, and basic cation leaching. Mitigation efforts are required to prevent these impacts such as proper water management, utilization of organic matter, adaptive varieties, and optimized technology of fertilization. These mitigations must be carefully done so that they have a minimum negative impact on soil and crop.

Climate-driven mobilisation of acid and metals from acid sulfate soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Simpson ◽  
Rob W. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Paul Shand ◽  
Brad M. Angel ◽  
David A. Spadaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Release ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Australian Water ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Sulfate Soils

The recent drought in south-eastern Australia has exposed to air, large areas of acid sulfate soils within the River Murray system. Oxidation of these soils has the potential to release acidity, nutrients and metals. The present study investigated the mobilisation of these substances following the rewetting of dried soils with River Murray water. Trace metal concentrations were at background levels in most soils. During 24-h mobilisation tests, the water pH was effectively buffered to the pH of the soil. The release of nutrients was low. Metal release was rapid and the dissolved concentrations of many metals exceeded the Australian water quality guidelines (WQGs) in most tests. The concentrations of dissolved Al, Cu and Zn were often greater than 100× the WQGs and strong relationships existed between dissolved metal release and soil pH. Attenuation of dissolved metal concentrations through co-precipitation and adsorption to Al and Fe precipitates was an important process during mixing of acidic, metal-rich waters with River Murray water. The study demonstrated that the rewetting of dried acid sulfate soils may release significant quantities of metals and a high level of land and water management is required to counter the effects of such climate change events.

scholarly journals Rice Straw Composting by Cellulolytic Bacteria Isolate and Its Application on Rice in Acid Sulfate Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Yuli Lestari ◽  
Eni Maftu’ah ◽  
Wahida Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sulfate Soils

High acidity in acid sulfate soils due to pyrite oxidation results in increased Al3+ and Fe2+ activity which inhibits the growth of rice plants. The application of organic matter (compost) is one of the technology to manage acid sulfate soil. This study aims to obtain cellulolytic bacterial isolates that are superior in composting and improving rice growth in acid sulfate soil. The experiment carries out in the laboratory and glasshouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute (ISARI), Banjarbaru, Indonesia on May-November 2017. The experimental to obtain cellulolytic bacteria and water content that can accelerate composting is arranged by factorial using a complete randomized design with three replication First factor were cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, BS 2.2 and BS 2.5), while the second factor was water content (50%, 100%, and 150%). The effect of compost application with cellulolytic bacterial to rice growth arranged by factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The first factor was cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, and BS 2.2), while the second factor was composting condition (muddy waterlogged and waterlogged 5 cm depth). The result showed that the ability of cellulolytic bacteria to reduce C/N straw was not different. Only differences in water content affect the reducing C/N ratio of straw. The average C/N ratio of straw compost made with 50%, 100%, and 150% water content is 35.59; 29.71, and 29.21. Application of compost made under muddy waterlogged and inoculated BS1.9 and BS2.2 can increase the number of tillers, while those inoculated BS1.6 and BS1.9 can increase the rice shoot dry weight of Inpara 2. The suggest that cellulolytic bacterial inoculation can improve the quality of compost so that the growth of rice is better.

Upland active acid sulfate soils from construction of new Stafford County, Virginia, USA, Airport

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Fanning ◽  
Cary Coppock ◽  
Z. W. Orndorff ◽  
W. L. Daniels ◽  
M. C. Rabenhorst
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Salt Minerals ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Steep Slopes

This paper reports on a situation where severe active acid sulfate soils were brought into existence by the construction of a new (opened in 2002) airport in Stafford County, VA, approximately 60 km south-west of Washington, DC. About 290 ha of new land surface was brought into existence that consisted of both scalped land surfaces on steep slopes, and spoil (fill), some of which was graded to provide level land surfaces for paved runways. Over 150 ha of ultra acidic (pH <3.5 at soil surface) post-construction acid sulfate soils remained barren for over 2 years before the acid sulfate soil situation was properly recognised. Construction took place in an originally dissected landscape with about 30 m of local relief. The construction was designed to balance the cut and fill areas so that soil materials would not need to be taken from the area or brought to it from other locations. This resulted in some deep cuts (scalped surfaces) in the higher parts of the landscapes, which retained slopes of about 25%. Great difficulty was encountered in establishing vegetation on these surfaces. The exposed sulfidic materials were dense, commonly on steep slopes, and developed low pHs, some <pH 2, after exposure. After a dry period in the autumn of 2001, sulfuric horizons crusted over with bitter hydrated sulfate salt minerals had formed in the surface of sulfidic materials originally exposed in 1999. By X-ray diffraction, halotrychite, Fe2+Al2(SO4)4.22H2O, was identified as a main white salt mineral and copiapite group minerals, e.g. Al2/3Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O for aluminocopiapite, were identified as a yellow salt minerals. Information about, and photographs of, the site, soils, and drainage waters are presented, including examples of deleterious environmental impacts. Intensive reclamation/revegetation measures were initiated in 2002. These involved the application of high rates of lime stabilised biosolids (sewage sludge) incorporated to a depth of about 0.15 m to neutralise acidity and add organic matter and nutrients to the soils. These measures permitted the establishment of acid- and salt-tolerant grasses on the acid sulfate soils and caused dramatic increases in pH and drops in Fe and Al levels in stream waters leaving the site. However, they also caused initial large increases in ammonia/ammonium-N in the waters and subsequent increases in NO3-N in the waters. Experience with this and other similar sites demonstrates the need for engineers involved with earth-moving construction activities to be educated in the principles of acid sulfate soils so that the number of such disturbances that result in the creation of active acid sulfate soils can be lessened or, preferably, eliminated. Plans for recognition and reclamation of acid sulfate soil situations should be built into the construction plans and designs when it is necessary to disturb sulfidic materials.

scholarly journals A Decision Support System for Rice Cultivation on Acid Sulfate Soils in Malaysia

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Totok Suswanto ◽  
J Shamshuddin ◽  
S.R Syed Omar ◽  
C.B.S The ◽  
Peli Mat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Support System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Maximal Profit ◽  
Sulfate Soils

Ameliorative steps to put acid sulfate soils into productive use can be organized by a decision support system. Themodel uses microeconomic analysis to get an optimal rate of lime and fertilizer in maximizing profit. A glasshouse experiment was conducted on an acid sulfate soil in Malaysia to get the potential yield. A field trial was conducted for validationpurposes. The recommended rate offertilizer application of 150-200 kg ha-J N. 20-30 kg ha-J P and 150-200 kg ha-J K were applied during the critical stage of the rice growth. Field Adjusting Factor (FAF) ofOAQ has been found and this was used /0 analyze the production function. Using TableCurve 3D software. an equation for production function was established.Validation using experimental data showed that the equation has a good capability. shown by the value of p>0.2 (t-test) andMEE of 2%. The model. named as RiCASS(Rice Cultivation on Acid Sulfate Soil}. was developed and successfully simulatedthe maximal profit under 4 different scenarios. The recommended rate of lime (GML) was 6.5 t ha-J for maximal profit and 2.5- 3.0 t ha-J for the farmers . practice .

Agricultural acid sulfate soils: a potential source of volatile sulfur compounds?

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Kinsela ◽  
Jason K. Reynolds ◽  
Mike D. Melville
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Volatile Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Volatile Sulfur

Environmental context. Acid sulfate soils are important contributors to global environmental problems. Agricultural acid sulfate soils have recently been shown to emit sulfur dioxide, an important gas in global issues of acid rain, cloud formation and climate change. This emission is surprising because these soils tend to be wet and the gas is extremely water-soluble. The potential origins of this gas are not yet understood within the context of acid sulfate soils. Our new study reports the measurement of two potential precursors of sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and ethanethiol, from both a natural and an agricultural acid sulfate soil in eastern Australia. Abstract. Most agricultural soils are generally considered to be a sink for sulfur gases rather than a source; however, recent studies have shown significant emissions of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from acid sulfate soils. In the current study, acid sulfate soil samples were taken in northern New South Wales from under sugarcane cropping, as well as from an undisturbed nature reserve. Using gas chromatography/flame photometric detection in conjunction with headspace solid-phase microextraction, we have now determined that these soils are a potential source of the low molecular weight volatile sulfur compounds, dimethylsulfide and ethanethiol. Although the mechanism for their production remains unclear, both compounds are important in the transfer and interconversions of atmospheric and terrestrial sulfur. Therefore, these novel findings have important implications for refining local and regional atmospheric sulfur budgets, as well as for expanding our understanding of sulfur cycling within acid sulfate soils and other sediments.

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