Screening for Tannin Degradation by Rumen and Faecal Samples of Wild and Domestic Animals in Ethiopia

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden Ephraim ◽  
Agnes Odenyo ◽  
Mogessie Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Tannin Degradation

How Domestic Animals aid in the spread of Geohelminths in their faecal Deposits, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A Adulugba ◽  
T.S Atsuwe ◽  
V.U Obisike
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Community Health Education ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Income ◽  
Toxocara Species

Domestic animals are source of protein and additional income in most families in Okpokwu Local Government Area BenueState. This study determined the prevalence of geohelminths in the faecal deposits from some domestic animals in OkpokwuLocal Government Area. A total of 480 faecal deposits were collected into the sterile specimen bottles and examined forpresence of helminthes eggs using test tube floatation technique. Of the 480 faecal samples examined, 161(33.5%) werepositive for one or more eggs of helminth parasites. The prevalences were 20%, 15.2%, 9.8%, 5.2% and 3.8% for Ascarisspecies, Toxocara species, Ancylostoma species, Strongloides and Trichuris species, respectively. The highest prevalence of48% was recorded in Ojigo ward and the least prevalence rate of 23% in Okpale/Ingle ward with no significant difference(p>0.05) in the distribution of eggs in the twelve (12) wards sampled. The public health importance of geohelminths eggs infaecal deposits cannot be underestimated therefore, community health education and restriction of animals from roaming arerecommended. Keywords: Geohelminths, Domestic animals, Faeces, Okpokwu.

A survey for potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and pigs in Cambodia

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
K. Darwin Murrell ◽  
Nongnuch Pinyopanuwat ◽  
Chamnan Chhoun ◽  
Kuong Khov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Fasciolopsis Buski ◽  
Takeo Province ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

AbstractThere is little information available on parasites of zoonotic significance in Cambodia. In 2011, in an effort to obtain data on potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites in domestic animals, 50 dogs and 30 pigs residing in 38 households located in Ang Svay Check village, Takeo province, Cambodia were examined for parasites from faecal samples. The samples were processed using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT). Hookworms were the most common zoonotic parasite found in dogs (80.0%) followed by Echinostomes (18.0%). While, in pigs, Fasciolopsis buski was the most common zoonotic parasite (30.0%) followed by Ascaris suum (13.3%). This study provides baseline data on gastrointestinal parasites in dogs and pigs from Cambodia and underscores the importance of domestic animals as reservoir hosts for human parasites for Cambodian veterinary and public health agencies. Follow-up studies are required to further taxonomically characterize these dog and pig parasites and to determine their role in human parasites in this community.

Molecular identification of hookworm isolates from stray dogs, humans and selected wildlife from South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Ngcamphalala ◽  
J. Lamb ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
5.8S Rrna ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract There is a paucity of information on hookworm species in humans, domestic animals and wildlife in southern Africa. Our study aimed to identify hookworm species from stray dogs, humans, and selected wildlife from South Africa. A total of 356 faecal samples were screened for the presence of hookworm-like eggs and subsequently coproculture from the positive samples was carried out to obtain larvae. Hookworm-like eggs were detected in 23.03% (82/356) of samples. Of these samples, 78/296 were from dogs, 3/50 from humans and 1/10 from wildlife. DNA was then isolated from the larvae of 55 positive samples, which were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and 5.8S rRNA region. Presence of Ancylostoma caninum, A. braziliense and A. ceylanicum-like species was recorded in stray dogs and A. caninum was recorded in wildlife and humans, using PCR-RFLP. Although PCR-RFLP results pointed to the presence of A. ceylanicum, we did not get a sequence that matched with A. ceylanicum from GenBank. This may have been due to the low proportion of A. ceylanicum larvae in our samples. Twenty-two of the 27 positive amplicons from stray dogs matched with A. caninum, three with A. braziliense and two had mixed infections of A. braziliense and A. caninum. Sequences from a lion and three humans matched with A. caninum. This is the first confirmation of a patent A. caninum infection in humans as evidenced by the presence of eggs in faeces, with the subsequent larvae from coproculture being identified as A. caninum.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in a cohort of rural population near Calcutta

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Sen Gupta ◽  
G. B. Nair ◽  
S. Mondal ◽  
D. N. Gupta ◽  
D. Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYOver a 2-year period, 25 families comprising of 181 individuals of all ages were longitudinally observed for the excretion ofCampylobacterspecies. Faecal samples were taken from all persons with diarrhoea. Specimens were also taken from apparently healthy individuals and from domestic animals living within the confines of the study families at monthly intervals.The overall diarrhoea attack rate was 19 episodes per 100 person-years with peak incidence in the 1- to 4-year-old age group (76/100 person-years). Eight (11·5%) of the total episodes were campylobacter-associated and the overall rate of campylobacter positive diarrhoeal episodes were 2·2 per 100 person-years. Of the 1002 stool samples from healthy individuals 32 (3·2/100 samples) were positive for campylobacter. The organism was most frequently isolated from children under 1 year of age both during diarrhoeal episodes (11·5 per 100 person-years) and non-diarrhoeal (11·1 per 100 samples). Multiple infections in a family were rare. In 19·4% of the occasions one or more animals were campylobacter positive. However, only in 7·7% of these occasions was a human infection recorded within 1 month after the animal was found to be positive.The study showed that the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in this community was distinct compared to that observed in developed countries.

scholarly journals Endoparasites of European Wildcats (Felis silvestris) in Greece

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Anastasia Diakou ◽  
Despina Migli ◽  
Dimitris Dimzas ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
European Wildcat ◽  
Capillaria Aerophila ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
First Time

The European wildcat (Felis silvestris) is the only wild felid living in Greece. Wildcat populations are declining due to anthropogenic and phenological unfavourable conditions, and parasites may have an additional negative impact. In the present study, the occurrence of endoparasites in wildcats in Greece and the potential threats posed to wildcats, domestic animals, and humans in the study areas has been investigated. In a six-year period, 23 road-killed wildcats and 62 wildcat faecal samples were collected from different areas of the country. Necropsy for the detection of endoparasites and standard parasitological examinations of faecal samples were performed. Parasites were morphologically identified and, in selected cases, molecularly analysed. All necropsied wildcats (100%) were infected by three to 10 different parasite taxa, with the most prevalent being Taenia taeniaeformis (73.9%), Toxocara cati (60.9%), Angiostrongylus chabaudi (56.5%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (39.1%), Cylicospirura spp. (34.8%), Troglostrongylus brevior (34.8%), and Capillaria aerophila (33.8%). Of the 62 faecal samples examined, 53 (85.5%) were positive for one or more parasite elements (larvae, eggs, or oocysts). The most frequent were T. cati (45.2%), A. chabaudi (29%), C. aerophila (24.2%), and Ancylostomatidae (17.7%). This is the first survey on endoparasites affecting wildcats in Greece. Some of the parasites here found are frequent in domestic and wild felids, while others, i.e., Oslerus rostratus and Cylicospirura petrowi, were described for the first time in the European wildcat. Most of them have a significant pathogenic potential, causing severe to hazardous diseases to infected felids and some, under specific circumstances, can also threaten human health.

A survey of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in a human–animal–environmental interface: the Oloisukut Conservancy, Narok County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mulinge ◽  
E. Zeyhle ◽  
J. Mpario ◽  
M. Mugo ◽  
L. Nungari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Faecal Samples

Abstract Dogs living in a domestic–wildlife interface can serve as reservoirs and sentinels of parasites shared among humans, domestic animals and wildlife. In Kenya, the epidemiology of intestinal parasites of dogs and their role as reservoirs of zoonoses is poorly understood, especially in domestic–wildlife interfaces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of intestinal helminths in domestic dogs in the Oloisukut Conservancy. One hundred dog faecal samples were collected per rectum and examined microscopically following zinc chloride flotation and formal-ether concentration techniques. Genotyping of helminths was achieved by nested polymerase chain reaction of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, cytochrome oxidase 1 and partial sequencing. Nine genera were detected by microscopy in 65 (65%) dog faecal samples from 54/76 (71.05%) households. The most frequent helminths were hookworm (39%), Spirometra spp. (17%), taeniids (13%), Toxocara spp. (10%), Trichuris spp. (10%), Spirocerca lupi (5%), Physaloptera spp. (2%), Dipylidium caninum (1%) and Strongyloides spp. (1%). Ancylostoma caninum was the only hookworm species detected in dogs, while Taenia serialis and Taenia madoquae were detected in four and one faecal samples, respectively. This study reports for the first time the molecular detection of the cestodes Spirometra theileri, D. caninum and Mesocestoides sp. in dogs in Kenya. The presence of zoonotic helminths in dogs indicates that the residents of this conservancy are exposed to public health risks. The helminths reported here confirm the interaction of domestic dogs with wildlife. An integrated control programme involving the medical, veterinary and wildlife conservation professionals is needed to avert transmission of infectious diseases to humans, domestic animals and wildlife.

scholarly journals The melioidosis agentBurkholderia pseudomalleiand related opportunistic pathogens detected in faecal matter of wildlife and livestock in northern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1924-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. R. HÖGER ◽  
M. MAYO ◽  
E. P. PRICE ◽  
V. THEOBALD ◽  
G. HARRINGTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
Faecal Matter ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Direct Dna Extraction

SUMMARYThe Darwin region in northern Australia has experienced rapid population growth in recent years, and with it, an increased incidence of melioidosis. Previous studies in Darwin have associated the environmental presence ofBurkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, with anthropogenic land usage and proximity to animals. In our study, we estimated the occurrence ofB. pseudomalleiandBurkholderiaspp. relatives in faecal matter of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals in the Darwin region. A total of 357 faecal samples were collected and bacteria isolated through culture and direct DNA extraction after enrichment in selective media. Identification ofB. pseudomallei, B. ubonensis, and otherBurkholderiaspp. was carried out using TTS1, Bu550, andrecABUR3–BUR4 quantitative PCR assays, respectively.B. pseudomalleiwas detected in seven faecal samples from wallabies and a chicken.B. cepaciacomplex spp. andPandoraeaspp. were cultured from wallaby faecal samples, andB. cenocepaciaandB. cepaciawere also isolated from livestock animals. Various bacteria isolated in this study represent opportunistic human pathogens, raising the possibility that faecal shedding contributes to the expanding geographical distribution of not justB. pseudomalleibut other Burkholderiaceae that can cause human disease.

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