scholarly journals Bioactivity of volatile organic compounds by Aureobasidium species against gray mold of tomato and table grape

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Francesco ◽  
J. Zajc ◽  
N. Gunde-Cimerman ◽  
E. Aprea ◽  
F. Gasperi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Aureobasidium strains isolated from diverse unconventional environments belonging to the species A. pullulans, A. melanogenum, and A. subglaciale were evaluated for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) production as a part of their modes of action against Botrytis cinerea of tomato and table grape. By in vitro assay, VOCs generated by the antagonists belonging to the species A. subglaciale showed the highest inhibition percentage of the pathogen mycelial growth (65.4%). In vivo tests were conducted with tomatoes and grapes artificially inoculated with B. cinerea conidial suspension, and exposed to VOCs emitted by the most efficient antagonists of each species (AP1, AM10, AS14) showing that VOCs of AP1 (A. pullulans) reduced the incidence by 67%, partially confirmed by the in vitro results. Conversely, on table grape, VOCs produced by all the strains did not control the fungal incidence but were only reducing the infection severity (< 44.4% by A. pullulans; < 30.5% by A. melanogenum, and A. subglaciale). Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and subsequent gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol as the most produced VOCs. However, there were differences in the amounts of produced VOCs as well as in their repertoire. The EC50 values of VOCs for reduction of mycelial growth of B. cinerea uncovered 3-methyl-1-butanol as the most effective compound. The study demonstrated that the production and the efficacy of VOCs by Aureobasidium could be directly related to the specific species and pathosystem and uncovers new possibilities for searching more efficient VOCs producing strains in unconventional habitats other than plants.

scholarly journals Current Challenges in Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis as Potential Biomarkers of Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Schmidt ◽  
Ian Podmore
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

An early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in reducing mortality among people suffering from cancer. There is a lack of characteristic early clinical symptoms in most forms of cancer, which highlights the importance of investigating new methods for its early detection. One of the most promising methods is the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs are a diverse group of carbon-based chemicals that are present in exhaled breath and biofluids and may be collected from the headspace of these matrices. Different patterns of VOCs have been correlated with various diseases, cancer among them. Studies have also shown that cancer cells in vitro produce or consume specific VOCs that can serve as potential biomarkers that differentiate them from noncancerous cells. This review identifies the current challenges in the investigation of VOCs as potential cancer biomarkers, by the critical evaluation of available matrices for the in vivo and in vitro approaches in this field and by comparison of the main extraction and detection techniques that have been applied to date in this area of study. It also summarises complementary in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies conducted to date in order to try to identify volatile biomarkers of cancer.

Control of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens by Antifungal Compounds from Penicillium expansum

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAFA ROUISSI ◽  
LUISA UGOLINI ◽  
CAMILLA MARTINI ◽  
LUCA LAZZERI ◽  
MARTA MARI
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Volatile Organic

The fungicidal effects of secondary metabolites produced by a strain of Penicillium expansum (R82) in culture filtrate and in a double petri dish assay were tested against one isolate each of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Monilinia laxa and six isolates of P. expansum, revealing inhibitory activity against every pathogen tested. The characterization of volatile organic compounds released by the R82 strain was performed by solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatographic techniques, and several compounds were detected, one of them identified as phenethyl alcohol (PEA). Synthetic PEA, tested in vitro on fungal pathogens, showed strong inhibition at a concentration of 1,230 μg/ml of airspace, and mycelium appeared more sensitive than conidia; nevertheless, at the concentration naturally emitted by the fungus (0.726 ± 0.16 μg/ml), commercial PEA did not show any antifungal activity. Therefore, a combined effect between different volatile organic compounds produced collectively by R82 can be hypothesized. This aspect suggests further investigation into the possibility of exploiting R82 as a nonchemical alternative in the control of some plant pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Antifungal properties of volatile organic compounds produced by Daldinia eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 isolated from Barleria prionitis leaves against Colletotrichum acutatum and its post-harvest infections on strawberry fruits

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11242
Author(s):  
Sarunpron Khruengsai ◽  
Patcharee Pripdeevech ◽  
Chutima Tanapichatsakul ◽  
Chanin Srisuwannapa ◽  
Priya Esilda D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Volatile Organic

Fungal endophytes are microorganisms living symbiotically with a host plant. They can produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from Barleria prionitis plants grown in Thailand and to investigate the antifungal properties of their VOCs against Colletotrichum acutatum, a causal agent of anthracnose disease on post-harvest strawberry fruits. A total of 34 endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of B. prionitis. The VOCs produced from each individual isolate were screened for their antifungal activity against C. acutatum using a dual-culture plate method. From this in vitro screening experiment, the VOCs produced by the endophytic isolate BP11 were found to have the highest inhibition percentage (80.3%) against the mycelial growth of C. acutatum. The endophytic isolate BP11 was molecularly identified as Daldinia eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493. This strain was then selected for an in vivo experiment. Results from the in vivo experiment indicated that the VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 were able to inhibit infections by C. acutatum on organic fresh strawberry fruits with an average inhibition percentage of 72.4%. The quality of the pathogen-inoculated strawberry fruits treated with VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 was evaluated. Their fruit firmness, total soluble solids, and pH were found to be similar to the untreated strawberry fruits. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the VOCs produced by D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 led to the detection and identification of 60 compounds. The major compounds were elemicin (23.8%), benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (8.5%), ethyl sorbate (6.8%), methyl geranate (6.5%), trans-sabinene hydrate (5.4%), and 3,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone (5.1%). Each major compound was tested for its antifungal activity against C. acutatum using the in vitro assay. While all these selected VOCs showed varying degrees of antifungal activity, elemicin was found to possess the strongest antifungal activity. This work suggests that D. eschscholtzii MFLUCC 19-0493 could be a promising natural preservative for controlling C. acutatum associated anthracnose disease in strawberry fruits during the post-harvest period.

scholarly journals Potential of antimicrobial volatile organic compounds to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in bean seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Batista Fialho ◽  
Maria Heloisa Duarte de Moraes ◽  
Annelise Roberta Tremocoldi ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of an artificial mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro and in bean seeds. The phytopathogenic fungus was exposed, in polystyrene plates, to an artificial atmosphere containing a mixture of six VOCs formed by alcohols (ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol and phenylethyl alcohol) and esters (ethyl acetate and ethyl octanoate), in the proportions found in the atmosphere naturally produced by yeast. Bean seeds artificially contamined with the pathogen were fumigated with the mixture of VOCs in sealed glass flasks for four and seven days. In the in vitro assays, the compounds 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the most active against S. sclerotiorum, completely inhibiting its mycelial growth at 0.8 µL mL-1, followed by the ethyl acetate, at 1.2 µL mL-1. Bean seeds fumigated with the VOCs at 3.5 µL mL-1 showed a 75% reduction in S. sclerotiorum incidence after four days of fumigation. The VOCs produced by S. cerevisiae have potential to control the pathogen in stored seeds.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vivo derived and scaled in vitro metabolic rate constants for several volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 105002
Author(s):  
Elaina M. Kenyon ◽  
Christopher Eklund ◽  
Rex A. Pegram ◽  
John C. Lipscomb
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Extremophilic Bacteria and Their Effective Use in Biocontrol of Postharvest Fungal Phytopathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Toral ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Checa ◽  
Alfredo Montaño ◽  
Amparo Cortés-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Micrographs ◽  
Volatile Organic

Phytopathogenic fungal growth in postharvest fruits and vegetables is responsible for 20–25% of production losses. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been gaining importance in the food industry as a safe and ecofriendly alternative to pesticides for combating these phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we analysed the ability of some VOCs produced by strains of the genera Bacillus, Peribacillus, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacillus and Staphylococcus to inhibit the growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia laxa and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, in vitro and in vivo. We analysed bacterial VOCs by using GC/MS and 87 volatile compounds were identified, in particular acetoin, acetic acid, 2,3-butanediol, isopentanol, dimethyl disulphide and isopentyl isobutanoate. In vitro growth inhibition assays and in vivo experiments using cherry fruits showed that the best producers of VOCs, Bacillus atrophaeus L193, Bacillus velezensis XT1 and Psychrobacillus vulpis Z8, exhibited the highest antifungal activity against B. cinerea, M. fructicola and M. laxa, which highlights the potential of these strains to control postharvest diseases. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs of bacterial VOC-treated fungi clearly showed antifungal activity which led to an intense degeneration of cellular components of mycelium and cell death.

scholarly journals Identification of Rhizospheric Actinomycete Streptomyces lavendulae SPS-33 and the Inhibitory Effect of its Volatile Organic Compounds against Ceratocystis fimbriata in Postharvest Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewei Li ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
Shurui Cai ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Mingjie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Streptomyces Lavendulae ◽  
Volatile Organic

Black spot disease, which is caused by the pathogenic fungal Ceratocystis fimbriata, seriously affects the production of sweet potato and its quality during postharvest storage. In this study, the preliminary identification of the rhizosphere actinomycete strain SPS-33, and its antifungal activity of volatiles in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Based on morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain SPS-33 was identified as Streptomyces lavendulae. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by SPS-33 inhibited mycelial growth and sporulation of C. fimbriata in vitro and also induced a series of observable hyphae morphological changes. In an in vivo pathogenicity assay, exposure to SPS-33 significantly decreased the lesion diameter and water loss rate in sweet potato tuberous roots (TRs) inoculated with C. fimbriata. It increased the antioxidant enzymes’ activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase as well as decreased malondialdehyde and increased total soluble sugar. In the VOC profile of SPS-33 detected by a headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), heptadecane, tetradecane, and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the most abundant compounds. 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, pyridine, and phenylethyl alcohol showed strong antifungal effects against C. fimbriata. These findings suggest that VOCs from S. lavendulae SPS-33 have the potential for pathogen C. fimbriata control in sweet potato postharvest storage by fumigant action.

scholarly journals The Relative Content and Distribution of Absorbed Volatile Organic Compounds in Rats Administered Asari Radix et Rhizoma Are Different between Powder- and Decoction-Treated Groups

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4441
Author(s):  
Guang-Xue Liu ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Ming-Ying Shang ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Shao-Qing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) is an important traditional Chinese medicine. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main active constituents of ARR. Research on the metabolite profile of VOCs and the difference of absorbed constituents in vivo after an administration of ARR decoction and powder will be helpful to understand the pharmacological activity and safety of ARR. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS) was applied to profile the VOCs from ARR in rats in vivo. A total of 153 VOCs were tentatively identified; 101 were original constituents of ARR (98 in the powder-treated group and 43 in the decoction-treated group) and 15 were metabolites, and their metabolic reactions were mainly oxidation and reduction, with only two cases of methylation and esterification, and 37 unclassified compounds were identified only in the ARR-treated group. Of the 153 VOCs identified, 131 were reported in rats after oral administration of ARR for the first time, containing 79 original constituents, 15 metabolites, and 37 unclassified compounds. In the powder-treated group, methyleugenol, safrole, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (3,5-DMT), 2,3,5-trimethoxytoluene (2,3,5-TMT), and 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene (3,4,5-TMT) were the main absorbed constituents, the relative contents of which were significantly higher compared to the decoction-treated group, especially methyleugenol, safrole, and 3,5-DMT. In the decoction-treated group, 3,4,5-TMT, 2,3,5-TMT, kakuol, and eugenol were the main constituents with a higher content and wider distribution. The results of this study provide a reference for evaluating the efficacy and safety of ARR.

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