Recent developments in the biology and biotechnological applications of halotolerant yeasts

2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Andreu ◽  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Marcel⋅lí del Olmo
Keyword(s):  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Production and Biotechnological Applications of C-Phycocyanin

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kuddus ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
Awdah Al-Hazimi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Harmful Effects

An extensive range of pigments including phycobiliproteins are present in algae. C-phycocyanin (C-PC), a phycobiliprotein, is one of the key pigments ofSpirulina, a microalgae used in many countries as a dietary supplement. Algal pigments have massive commercial value as natural colorants in nutraceutical, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, besides their health benefits. At present, increasing awareness of harmful effects of synthetic compounds and inclination of community towards the usage of natural products have led to the exploitation of microalgae as a source of natural pigments/colors. This review describes recent findings about the sources and production of C-PC, with emphasis on specific techniques for extraction and purification, along with potential industrial applications in diagnostics, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

Flavocytochrome P450 BM3 and the origin of CYP102 fusion species

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Girvan ◽  
T.N. Waltham ◽  
R. Neeli ◽  
H.F. Collins ◽  
K.J. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
P450 Bm3 ◽  
Redox Partner ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Flavocytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450) BM3 is an intensively studied model system within the P450 enzyme superfamily, and is a natural fusion of a P450 to its P450 reductase redox partner. The fusion arrangement enables efficient electron transfer within the enzyme and a catalytic efficiency that cannot be matched in P450 systems from higher organisms. P450 BM3's potential for industrially relevant chemical transformations is now recognized, and variants with biotechnological applications have been constructed. Simultaneously, structural and mechanistic studies continue to reveal the intricate mechanistic details of this enzyme, including its dimeric organization and the relevance of this quaternary structure to catalysis. Homologues of BM3 have been found in several bacteria and fungi, indicating important physiological functions in these microbes and enabling first insights into evolution of the enzyme family. This short paper deals with recent developments in our understanding of structure, function, evolution and biotechnological applications of this important P450 system.

Flavocytochrome P450 BM3: an update on structure and mechanism of a biotechnologically important enzyme

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Warman ◽  
O. Roitel ◽  
R. Neeli ◽  
H.M. Girvan ◽  
H.E. Seward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
P450 Bm3 ◽  
Redox Partner ◽  
Fatty Acid Hydroxylase ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Rational Mutagenesis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Bm3 ◽  
Important Enzyme

Since its discovery in the 1980s, the fatty acid hydroxylase flavocytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450) BM3 (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium has been adopted as a paradigm for the understanding of structure and mechanism in the P450 superfamily of enzymes. P450 BM3 was the first P450 discovered as a fusion to its redox partner – a eukaryotic-like diflavin reductase. This fact fuelled the interest in soluble P450 BM3 as a model for the mammalian hepatic P450 enzymes, which operate a similar electron transport chain using separate, membrane-embedded P450 and reductase enzymes. Structures of each of the component domains of P450 BM3 have now been resolved and detailed protein engineering and molecular enzymology studies have established roles for several amino acids in, e.g. substrate binding, coenzyme selectivity and catalysis. The potential of P450 BM3 for biotechnological applications has also been recognized, with variants capable of industrially important transformations generated using rational mutagenesis and forced evolution techniques. This paper focuses on recent developments in our understanding of structure and mechanism of this important enzyme and highlights important problems still to be resolved.

scholarly journals Amyloid Structures as Biofilm Matrix Scaffolds

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (19) ◽  
pp. 2579-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Taglialegna ◽  
Iñigo Lasa ◽  
Jaione Valle
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Amyloid Fibers ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Block Structures ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

Recent insights into bacterial biofilm matrix structures have induced a paradigm shift toward the recognition of amyloid fibers as common building block structures that confer stability to the exopolysaccharide matrix. Here we describe the functional amyloid systems related to biofilm matrix formation in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and recent knowledge regarding the interaction of amyloids with other biofilm matrix components such as extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the host immune system. In addition, we summarize the efforts to identify compounds that target amyloid fibers for therapeutic purposes and recent developments that take advantage of the amyloid structure to engineer amyloid fibers of bacterial biofilm matrices for biotechnological applications.

Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

Filaments and membranes in the mitotic apparatus

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
Kent McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Force Generator ◽  
Spindle Function ◽  
Antibody Technology

At the light microscope level the recent developments and interest in antibody technology have permitted the localization of certain non-microtubule proteins within the mitotic spindle, e.g., calmodulin, actin, intermediate filaments, protein kinases and various microtubule associated proteins. Also, the use of fluorescent probes like chlorotetracycline suggest the presence of membranes in the spindle. Localization of non-microtubule structures in the spindle at the EM level has been less rewarding. Some mitosis researchers, e.g., Rarer, have maintained that actin is involved in mitosis movements though the bulk of evidence argues against this interpretation. Others suggest that a microtrabecular network such as found in chromatophore granule movement might be a possible force generator but there is little evidence for or against this view. At the level of regulation of spindle function, Harris and more recently Hepler have argued for the importance of studying spindle membranes. Hepler also believes that membranes might play a structural or mechanical role in moving chromosomes.

Software pattern recognition applied to nanodiffraction patterns from a STEM instrument

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
G.Y. Fan ◽  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Host Computer ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Image Processing System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line

In recent developments, the ASU HB5 has been modified so that the timing, positioning, and scanning of the finely focused electron probe can be entirely controlled by a host computer. This made the asynchronized handshake possible between the HB5 STEM and the image processing system which consists of host computer (PDP 11/34), DeAnza image processor (IP 5000) which is interfaced with a low-light level TV camera, array processor (AP 400) and various peripheral devices. This greatly facilitates the pattern recognition technique initiated by Monosmith and Cowley. Software called NANHB5 is under development which, instead of employing a set of photo-diodes to detect strong spots on a TV screen, uses various software techniques including on-line fast Fourier transform (FFT) to recognize patterns of greater complexity, taking advantage of the sophistication of our image processing system and the flexibility of computer software.

High-resolution microscopy of twin boundaries in gold

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
William Krakow ◽  
David A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Gold Films ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy ◽  
Twist Boundaries

Recent developments in specimen preparation, imaging and image analysis together permit the experimental determination of the atomic structure of certain, simple grain boundaries in metals such as gold. Single crystal, ∼125Å thick, (110) oriented gold films are vapor deposited onto ∼3000Å of epitaxial silver on (110) oriented cut and polished rock salt substrates. Bicrystal gold films are then made by first removing the silver coated substrate and placing in contact two suitably misoriented pieces of the gold film on a gold grid. Controlled heating in a hot stage first produces twist boundaries which then migrate, so reducing the grain boundary area, to give mixed boundaries and finally tilt boundaries perpendicular to the foil. These specimens are well suited to investigation by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

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