Quasi-experimental designs for community-level public health violence reduction interventions: a case study in the challenges of selecting the counterfactual

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina G. Roman ◽  
Hannah J. Klein ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Violence Reduction ◽  
Quasi Experimental

scholarly journals Integrating quasi-experimental and inductive designs in evaluation: A case study of the impact of free bus travel on public health

Evaluation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Green ◽  
Helen Roberts ◽  
Mark Petticrew ◽  
Rebecca Steinbach ◽  
Anna Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Integrating animal disease epidemics into disaster risk management

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheney Shreve ◽  
Belinda Davis ◽  
Maureen Fordham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
One Health ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Epidemic Risk

Purpose – Holistic approaches to public health such as “One Health” emphasize the interconnectedness between people, animals, ecosystems, and epidemic risk, and many advocate for this philosophy to be adopted within disaster risk management (DRM). Historically, animal and human diseases have been managed separately from each other, and apart from other hazards considered for DRM. Shifts in DRM, however, may complement a One Health approach. The taxonomy of hazards considered under DRM has expanded to include medical and social crises such as epizootics and terrorism. However, there is a gap in understanding how epidemic risk is integrated into DRM at the community-level. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – TACTIC adopts a participatory case study approach examining preparedness for multiple hazard types (floods, epidemics, earthquakes, and terrorism) at the community-level. This paper reports on findings from the epidemic case study which took as its focus the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in the UK because of the diverse human, social, and environmental impacts of this “animal” disease. Findings – Epizootic preparedness tends to focus on biosecurity and phytosanitary measures, and is geared towards agriculture and farming. Greater engagement with public health and behavioural sciences to manage public health impacts of animal disease epidemics, and activities for citizen engagement to improve preparedness are discussed. The impermeability of boundaries (hazard, institutional, disciplinary, etc.) is a key constraint to integrating One Health into DRM. Originality/value – This work helps to situate the One Health discussion within the community-level DRM context.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MARIA MONTESSORI TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KEDISIPLINAN ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI TK ISLAM IBNU QOYYIM KEC. MEDAN SELAYANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Gustina ◽  
Khadijah Khadijah ◽  
Fauziah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A

<p><em>This research was conducted at TK Islam Ibnu Qoyyim, Medan Selayang District. Tthe type of research is experimental research with uses Quasi Experimental Designs. This study aims to determine the influence of Maria Montessori's learning model on the discipline of children in TK Islam Ibnu Qoyyim. The results showed that the Montessori learning model had an effect on the discipline of group A children. The results of the pretest class were 9.3 and the post-test average was 16.80 with the highest post-test 20 and the lowest post-test 12. Class control with an average pre test 9.7 and the average post test 11.7 with the highest value 16 and the lowest value 7. The results of hypothesis testing obtained t count&gt; t table is 18.31&gt; 2.048 with significant numbers. Thus the hypothesis Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so that it is stated that there is a Significant Effect of Maria Montessori's Learning Model on the Discipline of Group A Children 4-5 Years Old in the TK Islam Ibnu Qoyyim.</em><em></em></p>

Identifying Public Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Chapter 5 discusses the use of epidemiology to identify the source of public health problems and inform policymaking. It uses a case study to illustrate how researchers, policymakers, and practitioners detect diseases, identify their sources, determine the extent of an outbreak, and prevent new infections. The chapter also defines key measures in epidemiology that can indicate public health priorities, including morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, and measures of lifetime impacts, including disability-adjusted life years and quality-adjusted life years. Finally, the chapter reviews epidemiological study designs, differentiating between experimental and observational studies, to show how to interpret data and identify limitations.

scholarly journals Changes of Walking Activity During the First Cycle Phases of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110265
Author(s):  
Youngjun Park ◽  
Haekwon Chung ◽  
Sohyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government

Aim: This study explores the changes in regular walking activities during the phases of the pandemic. Background: With the spread of COVID-19 transmission, people are refraining from going out, reducing their physical activity. In South Korea, COVID-19 broke out in the 4th week of 2020 and experienced the first cycle phases of the pandemic, such as outbreak, widespread, and decline. In response to the pandemic, the government encouraged voluntary participation in social distancing campaigns, and people reduced their outside activities. Methods: This article examines the decrease and increase of the Prevalence of Regular Walking (≥30 min of moderate walking a day, on ≥5 days a week) by the COVID-19 phases. This study is based on weekly walking data for 15 weeks in 2020, via the smartphone healthcare app, which is managed by 25 public health offices of the Seoul government. Results: According to the findings, the level of prevalence of regular walking (PRW) has a significant difference before and after the outbreak, and every interval of the four-stage COVID-19 phases, that is, pre-pandemic, initiation, acceleration, and deceleration. The level of PRW sharply decreased during initiation and acceleration intervals. In the deceleration interval of COVID-19, the PRW kept increasing, but it has not yet reached the same level as the previous year when the COVID-19 did not exist. Conclusions: As a preliminary study, this study explains empirically how COVID-19 changed PRW in Seoul. It would be helpful to enhance our understanding of the changes in physical inactivity in the pandemic period.

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