Sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep duration: a national comparative study of university students in Jordan

Abstract Introduction Recently, targeted marketing has encouraged teen e-cigarette vaping. Although e-cigarettes are often presented as a safe alternative to conventional tobacco, their toxicity is unclear. In adults, we have previously observed a link between dual usage of e-cigarettes and tobacco with increased sleep latency. We hypothesized an association between dual usage and increased sleep latency. Methods Participants were recruited to complete social media surveys. We performed three surveys: Survey 1 (n=47) in 2018, Survey 2 (n=1198) in 2019, and Survey 3 (n=564) in 2020. Surveys 1 and 2 had three sections: past and current inhalant use, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Survey 3 did not include the LCQ, instead including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9). The adolescent data (aged 13–20 years; n=609) were isolated. Results Adolescents reported an increase in sleep duration with increasing age by one-way ANOVA. Males reported no change with increasing age, while, by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, females got significantly more sleep at ages 19 and 20 than at age 14(p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between inhalant use and sleep duration. When broken down by gender, female dual users slept more than female nonsmokers,(p=0.01; mean difference=43.8 minutes; CI=0.11 to 1.36), while there was no difference in males. We observed a significant association between inhalant use and sleep(p=0.0008), with dual use correlated with a longer sleep latency than nonsmokers (mean difference=6.27 minutes; CI=1.40 to 11.13. We saw no correlation between inhalant use and anxiety or depression, nor between inhalant use and cough severity and prevalence. Conclusion In female adolescents, we observed a peak in sleep hours at age 19 but significantly less sleep in fourteen-year olds. College-aged females may have a later wake time relative to middle-school and high-school aged females. Dual inhalant use in females was associated with a long sleep duration, raising concern for sleep disruption caused by dual use. Dual use’s association with increased sleep latency raises concern for nicotine-induced wakefulness. Further data are required in order to define public health strategies. Support (if any) LCA is supported by NIH.

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0836 BORN IN THE USA OR BORN IN MEXICO? IMPLICATIONS FOR SLEEP DURATION, SLEEP QUALITY, SLEEP DISORDERS SYMPTOMS AT THE US-MEXICO BORDER

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. A309-A310

Author(s):

A Okuagu ◽

K Granados ◽

P Alfonso-Miller ◽

O Buxton ◽

S Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

The Us ◽

Quality Sleep ◽

The Usa ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Us Mexico Border

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Association between sleep quality and obesity in adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.1.2017.41-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nova juliana Sagala ◽

Sri Sofyani ◽

Supriatmo Supriatmo

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Study Data ◽

Obese Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Obese Adolescents

Background Sleep quality can be measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). One component of the PSQI is duration of sleep, which is often highly inadequate in adolescents. Inadequate sleep may lead to obesity in adolescents.Objective To assess for an association between sleep quality and incidence of obesity in adolescents.Methods This case–control study was conducted at Santo Thomas I Senior High School, Medan, North Sumatera, from July to August 2015. A total of 227 adolescents were divided into two groups: the case group consisting of 101 obese adolescents and the control group consisting of 126 non-obese adolescents. Study data was collected by questionnaires and PSQI. We interviewed subjects on their food consumption for the three days prior and calculated their average caloric intake. The data were analyzed by non-paired T-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and multivariate analyses.Results There was a significant association between sleep quality and obesity [OR 3.87 (95%CI 1.920 to 7.829)]. Median PSQI (range) score in the obese group was significantly higher than in the non-obese group [6.00 (2-16) vs. 5.00 (2-12), respectively (P=0.0001)]. In addition, sleep latency (P=0.002) and sleep duration (P=0.0001) were significantly different between groups. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between poor sleep quality and high caloric intake.Conclusion Sleep duration in obese adolescents is significantly shorter than that in non-obese adolescents. In addition, sleep latency in obese adolescents was significantly longer than that in non-obese adolescents.

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Analysis of NHANES 2005–2016 Data Showed Significant Association Between Micro and Macronutrient Intake and Various Sleep Variables (P06-103-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-103-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Chioma Ikonte ◽

Carroll Reider ◽

Victor Fulgoni ◽

Susan Mitmesser

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disorder ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Quality Sleep

Abstract Objectives To understand the association between micro and macronutrient intake and sleep variables from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES, 2005–2016). Methods Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.4; regression analysis was used to assess the relationship (p < 0.05) of nutrient intake with sleep variables. All nutrients were individual usual intakes determined using the National Cancer Institute method from food plus supplements; covariates included age, gender, ethnicity, poverty income ration, current smoking status and physical activity level. Individuals 16+ years of age were included in the analysis; pregnant or lactating females and those with unreliable dietary recalls were excluded in the analysis. Seven (7) Sleep variables included in the analysis were short sleep hours (<7 hrs of sleep) and trouble sleeping (NHANES 2005–2016), sleep disorder (NHANES, 2005–2014) and poor sleep quality, insomnia, sleep latency, and use of sleeping pills >5 times in the last month (NHANES 2005–2008). Results In adults (males and females) 19+ years, 32.7% experienced short sleep; 47.3% poor sleep quality; 8.94% a sleep disorder; 37.9% sleep latency; 9.30% used sleeping pills; 15.1% exhibited insomnia; and 27.7% experienced sleep trouble. Within this population, short sleep was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the greatest number of nutrients; showing an inverse association with magnesium, niacin, vitamin D, calcium, and dietary fiber intake. Across all seven sleep variables, however, magnesium, niacin and vitamin D demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) inverse association within this population. Inverse associations were also found for dietary fiber intake and short sleep and sleep disorder; phosphorus intake and poor sleep quality, sleep latency and sleep pill use; and vitamin K intake and poor sleep quality, sleep disorder, sleep latency and sleep pill use in the gender combined adults 19+ years. Within this population however, there were direct associations for the intakes of protein and vitamin B6 and short sleep, sleep disorder and sleep trouble; for the intakes of sodium and vitamin A and poor sleep quality, sleep latency and sleep pill use; for the intake of vitamin B12 and poor ADL and insomnia; and for the intake of zinc and sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep pill use, poor ADL and insomnia. Among female adults 19+ years, dietary fiber was the only nutrient that showed an inverse association with all seven sleep variables. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the importance of micro and macronutrient intake on numerous sleep variables. Funding Sources This analysis was funded by Pharmavite, LLC.

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Intermittent Fasting and Sleep: A Review of Human Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3489

Author(s):

Mara McStay ◽

Kelsey Gabel ◽

Sofia Cienfuegos ◽

Mark Ezpeleta ◽

Shuhao Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Insomnia Severity

This review examines the effects of two popular intermittent fasting regimens on sleep in adults with overweight and obesity. Specifically, the effects of time restricted eating (TRE; eating all food within a 4–10 h window) and alternate day fasting (ADF; 600 kcal fast day alternated with ad libitum feast day) on sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, insomnia severity, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea, will be summarized. The role of weight loss will also be discussed. Results from our review reveal that the majority of these trials produced weight loss in the range of 1–6% from baseline. Sleep quality and sleep duration remained unaltered with TRE and ADF, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The effects of intermittent fasting on sleep latency and sleep efficiency are mixed, with one study showing worsening of these parameters, and others showing no effect. Insomnia severity and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea remained unchanged in the trials assessing these metrics. Taken together, these preliminary findings suggest that TRE and ADF produce mild to moderate weight loss (1–6%) but their effects on sleep remain unclear. Solid conclusions are difficult to establish since participants in the studies had healthy sleep durations and no clinical insomnia at baseline, leaving little room for improvement in these metrics. Moreover, none of the trials were adequately powered to detect statistically significant changes in any measure of sleep. Future well-powered trials, conducted in individuals with diagnosed sleep disturbances, will be necessary to elucidate the effect of these popular diets on sleep.

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Sleep quality and body weight status of Malaysian university students

Malaysian Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.31246/mjn-2020-0048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 461-470

Author(s):

Nurul Fareeza Suhaimi ◽

◽

Zuriati Ibrahim ◽

Siti Nur ‘Asyura Adznam ◽

Sabariah Md Noor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

University Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Weight Status ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Body Weight Status ◽

Normal Body Weight

Introduction: Inadequate sleep duration is a modifiable behaviour linked with body weight, yet limited is known on the role of sleep quality with body weight status among university students. The study aimed to determine sleep quality and its association with body weight status among university students. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted among 240 university students (24.6% males, 75.4% females) with a mean age of 21.22±1.24 years. Subjects were recruited from four faculties of University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Information on socio-demographic, sleep quality and anthropometric measurements were collected. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, whereby a summation score from seven components yielded a global score on sleep quality, with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. Results: Majority of subjects were Malay (79.2%) with a mean body mass index of 22.6kg/m2. A majority (61.3%) had normal body weight, with the prevalences of underweight (UW), overweight (OW), and obesity (OB) at 12.9%, 19.6% and 6.3%, respectively. The mean global PSQI score was 5.76±2.64, with half of the respondents (50.4%) experiencing poor sleep quality. OW-OB experienced poorer sleep quality (6.53±2.79, p=0.004) and longer sleep latency (1.34±0.10, p=0.008) relative to UW-NW. OB subjects had substantially more frequent sleep disturbances compared to non-OB subjects (1.53±0.64, p=0.012). Conclusion: Findings suggest that OW-OB students at university are at a greater risk of having reduced sleep quality with longer sleep latency and frequent sleep disturbances. There is a need for a wellness initiative to reduce the incidence of obesity while fostering healthier sleeping habits among university students.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Sleep Quality in People Living With Disabilities

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.786904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Nikki Heinze ◽

Syeda F. Hussain ◽

Claire L. Castle ◽

Lauren R. Godier-McBard ◽

Theofilos Kempapidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

State Anxiety ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Sleep Medication ◽

Quality Sleep ◽

The Impact

Background: Research exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep in people with disabilities has been scarce. This study provides a preliminary assessment of sleep in people with disabilities, across two timepoints during the pandemic, with a focus on those with visual impairment (VI).Methods: Two online surveys were conducted between April 2020 and March 2021 to explore sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A convenience sample of 602 participants completed the first survey and 160 completed the follow-up survey.Results: Across both timepoints, participants with disabilities reported significantly poorer global sleep quality and higher levels of sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction than those with no disabilities. Participants with VI reported significantly higher levels of sleep disturbance and use of sleep medication at both timepoints, poorer global sleep quality, sleep duration and latency at time 1, and daytime dysfunction at time 2, than those with no disabilities. Global sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and self-rated sleep quality deteriorated significantly in participants with no disabilities, but daytime dysfunction increased in all three groups. Disability and state anxiety were significant predictors of sleep quality across both surveys.Conclusion: While sleep was consistently poorer in people with disabilities such as VI, it appears that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a greater impact on sleep in people with no disabilities. State anxiety and, to a lesser extent, disability, were significant predictors of sleep across both surveys, suggesting the need to address anxiety in interventions targeted toward improving sleep.

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Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3034

Author(s):

Md Monirul Islam ◽

Daisuke Ekuni ◽

Naoki Toyama ◽

Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata ◽

Kota Kataoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

University Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Japanese University

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and duration, and periodontal disease among a group of young Japanese university students. First-year students (n = 1934) at Okayama University who voluntarily underwent oral health examinations were included in the analysis. Sleep quality and duration were assessed by the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dentists examined Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP). Periodontal disease was defined as presence of PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP ≥ 30%. Overall, 283 (14.6%) students had periodontal disease. Poor sleep quality was observed among 372 (19.2%) students. Mean (± standard deviation) sleep duration was 7.1 ± 1.1 (hours/night). In the logistic regression analysis, periodontal disease was significantly associated with OHI-S (odds ratio [OR]: 2.30, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.83–2.90; p < 0.001), but not sleep quality (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.79–1.53; p = 0.577) or sleep duration (OR: 0.98, CI: 0.87–1.10; p = 0.717). In conclusion, sleep quality and duration were not associated with periodontal disease among this group of young Japanese university students.

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