Response of wheat and pea seedlings on increase of bromine concentration in the growth medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 19060-19068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Shtangeeva ◽  
Matti Niemelä ◽  
Paavo Perämäki ◽  
Sergey Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Bromine Concentration

Ultrastructural Alterations in Hela Cells Induced by Spider Venom

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Dale E. McClendon ◽  
Paul N. Morgan ◽  
Bernard L. Soloff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Venom Protein ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Loxosceles Reclusa ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Solution Cultures

It has been observed that minute amounts of venom from the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, are capable of producing cytotoxic changes in cultures of certain mammalian cells (Morgan and Felton, 1965). Since there is little available information concerning the effect of venoms on susceptible cells, we have attempted to characterize, at the electron microscope level, the cytotoxic changes produced by the venom of this spider.Cultures of human epithelial carcinoma cells, strain HeLa, were initiated on sterile, carbon coated coverslips contained in Leighton tubes. Each culture was seeded with approximately 1x105 cells contained in 1.5 ml of a modified Eagle's minimum essential growth medium prepared in Hank's balanced salt solution. Cultures were incubated at 36° C. for three days prior to the addition of venom. The venom was collected from female brown recluse spiders and diluted in sterile saline. Protein determinations on the venom-were made according to the spectrophotometric method of Waddell (1956). Approximately 10 μg venom protein per ml of fresh medium was added to each culture after discarding the old growth medium. Control cultures were treated similarly, except that no venom was added. All cultures were reincubated at 36° C.

Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
L. P. Hardie ◽  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
S. E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Iron Limitation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

Cultivation and Harvesting of Selenium-Enriched Ganoderma lingzhi and Spent Medium Using Kudzu Vine as Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Zeng Xianlu ◽  
Han Fei ◽  
Zhong Yanmei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ganoderma Lingzhi ◽  
Run Speed

In order to harvest selenium-enriched fruiting body and spores of Ganoderma lingzhi and spent medium, G. lingzhi was cultivated in kudzu vine as substrate and the bio-transformation of selenite was evaluated. The growth medium consisted of Kudzu vine supplemented with 20% wheat bran or sawdust or none. The growth medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg of sodium selenite. We found a significant difference in spawn run speed, fruiting body and spore yields when Kudzu vine was supplemented with wheat bran or sawdust. However, when whole-kudzu vine was used alone as substrate, it resulted in a significantly lower spawn run speed, fruiting body, and spore yields compared with kudzu vine + sawdust substrate and kudzu vine + wheat bran substrate. The selenium content in fruiting body and spores increased with increasing sodium selenite supplementation and approximately equaled half of the selenium in the substrate. No selenite was detected in both the fruiting body and spores. However, in the spent medium when sodium selenite was supplemented at 10, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg, the residual selenite concentration decreased to 0.45, 0.72, 1.29, and 1.95 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting a higher selenite transformation (92.27–93.57%). In conclusion, if Ganoderma fruiting body and spores were to be harvested for human consumption, approximately 50 mg/kg selenite should be added to the growth substrate. On the other hand, if the spent medium was to be used as an organic selenium source, the optimal sodium selenite supplementation level would be 10 mg/kg.

Selenium Uptake by a Coal Mine Wetland Sediment

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Baldwin ◽  
Al Henry Hodaly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Selenium Uptake ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Sediment from a wetland receiving runoff from a coal mine waste dump in the Elk River Valley of southeast British Columbia was assessed for potential selenium uptake. Selenite [SeO32-, Se(IV)] was found to adsorb to the washed sediment at pH 7 to 8, whereas no selenate [SeO42-, Se(VI)] was adsorbed, in the concentration range of 8 to 225 μg L-1 Se as selenite or selenate. Sulfate- and selenate-reducing bacterial activity was detected in the sediment. In the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 619(±53) μg L-1 to 15(±0.7) μg L-1, and in the presence of selenate-reducing bacteria growth medium, Se as selenate was reduced from 364(±66) mg L-1 to 22(±10) mg L-1. Semi-continuous microcosms containing sediment overlaid with selenate (500 μg L-1 Se) and sulfate (0.9 g L-1) containing water were amended with plant debris from the site or nutrients (lactate and fertilizer). Potential selenate reduction rate (0.76 h-1) was highest in the unamended microcosms. Amendment with plant debris from the site had a negative effect on selenate reduction rate in the short term (after one hour) and a positive effect on Se removal in the long term (after one week). This study suggests that wetland sediments at the mine site may be important sinks for Se.

The Influence of Ultra-Low Concentrations of Potassium Anphen on the Bioenergetic Characteristics of Mitochondria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
Zhigacheva Irina ◽  
Volodkin Aleksandr ◽  
Rasulov Maksud
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range

Background: One of the main sources of ROS in stress conditions is the mitochondria. Excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidation of thiol groups of proteins, peroxidation of membrane lipids and swelling of the mitochondria. In this regard, there is a need to search for preparationsadaptogens that increase the body's resistance to stress factors. Perhaps, antioxidants can serve as such adaptogens. This work aims at studying the effect of antioxidant; the potassium anphen in a wide range of concentrations on the functional state of 6 day etiolated pea seedlings mitochondria (Pisum sativum L). Methods: The functional state of mitochondria was studied per rates of mitochondria respiration, by the level of lipid peroxidation and study of fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes by chromatography technique. Results: Potassium anphen in concentrations of 10-5 - 10-8 M and 10-13-10-16 prevented the activation of LPO in the mitochondrial membranes of pea seedlings, increased the oxidation rates of NAD-dependent substrates and succinate in the respiratory chain of mitochondria that probably pointed to the anti-stress properties of the drug. Indeed, the treatment of pea seeds with the preparation in concentrations of 10-13 M prevented the inhibition of growth of seedlings in conditions of water deficiency. Conclusion: It is assumed that the dose dependence of the biological effects of potassium anphen and the manifestation of these effects in ultra-low concentrations are due to its ability in water solutions to form a hydrate containing molecular ensembles (structures).

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