Enteric viruses in lentic and lotic freshwater habitats from Brazil’s Midwest and South regions in the Guarani Aquifer area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro ◽  
Aline Viancelli ◽  
William Michelon ◽  
Tauani Gabriela Fonseca ◽  
Apolline Parise Mass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Guarani Aquifer

Electron Microscopic Detection and Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Enteric Viruses

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
G. C. Smith ◽  
R. L. Heberling ◽  
S. S. Kalter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Detection

A number of viral agents are recognized as and suspected of causing the clinical condition “gastroenteritis.” In our attempts to establish an animal model for studies of this entity, we have been examining the nonhuman primate to ascertain what viruses may be found in the intestinal tract of “normal” animals as well as animals with diarrhea. Several virus types including coronavirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus, and picornavirus (Table I) were detected in our colony; however, rotavirus, astrovirus, and calicivirus have not yet been observed. Fecal specimens were prepared for electron microscopy by procedures reported previously.

Hygienic risk assessment by monitoring pathogens in municipal sewage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. von Bonsdorff ◽  
L. Maunula ◽  
R.M. Niemi ◽  
R. Rimhanen-Finne ◽  
M.-L. Hänninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Small Community ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Enteric Protozoa ◽  
Day Care Centre

The purpose of this study was to monitor the levels of human enteric viruses and enteric protozoa and to relate their presence to the microbes used as hygienic quality indicators in domestic sewage from a small community in Finland during a period of one year. Genome-based sensitive detection methods for the pathogens selected (astro- and Norwalk-like viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) have become available only recently and thus no earlier data was available. The effluent sewage is delivered into a river that serves as raw water for a larger town and the pathogens therefore constitute a health risk. The results showed that all the monitored pathogens could be detected, and that enteric viruses were present at considerable concentrations in sewage. High concentrations of astrovirus in raw sewage were observed during a diarrhea epidemic in the local day-care centre. The presence of viruses did not correlate with the monitored bacterial indicators of faecal contamination (coliforms, E. coli and enterococci) or with bacteriophages (somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA phages and B. fragilis phages). Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected from one sample (1/10) each.

Enteric viruses in drinking water supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Wyn-Jones ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
C. Francis ◽  
M. Laverick ◽  
J. Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Supplies

Two rural spring drinking water supplies were studied for their enteric virus levels. In one, serving about 30 dwellings, the water was chlorinated before distribution; in the other, which served a dairy and six dwellings the water was not treated. Samples of treated (40 l) and untreated (20 l) water were taken under normal and heavy rainfall conditions over a six weeks period and concentrated by adsorption/elution and organic flocculation. Infectious enterovirus in concentrates was detected in liquid culture and enumerated by plaque assay, both in BGM cells, and concentrates were also analysed by RT-PCR. Viruses were found in both raw water supplies. Rural supplies need to be analysed for viruses as well as bacterial and protozoan pathogens if the full microbial hazard is to be determined.

Distribution of Enteric Viruses and Microorganisms in Long-Term Sewage-Treated Soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Filip ◽  
K Seidel ◽  
H Dizer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Sewage Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
West Berlin ◽  
Aerobic Soil

To determine whether long-term sewage treatment can take place without a pollution risk for soil and groundwater, samples from sewage irrigation fields in West Berlin which have been in use since about 1890 were analyzed for enteric viruses and microorganisms. Enteric viruses were detected in only seven samples from a total number of eighty seven taken from different soil depths. With only one exception, no viruses were found below 60 cm. No viruses were detected in groundwater samples. Long-term sewage irrigation did not result in significant changes in the colony courts of aerobic soil bacteria, but the counts of anaerobic bacteria and actinomycetes were slightly elevated and those of microscopic fungi slightly decreased. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were not detected in soil below 90 cm.

Application of RT-PCR for the Detection of Enteric Viruses in Oysters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jaykus ◽  
R. De Leon ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chloroform Extraction ◽  
Cationic Detergent

Oyster samples processed by adsorption-elution-precipitation were seeded with poliovirus 1 and HAV, and cleaned and concentrated by Freon extraction (2X), PEG precipitation and chloroform extraction. Freon extraction resulted in recoveries of 63-76% for polio and 42-52% for HAV. PEG precipitation/chloroform extraction gave recoveries of 47-50% for polio and 15-19% for HAV. Treated extracts inhibited RT-PCR at 10−2 dilutions. Inhibitors were removed by treatment with the cationic detergent CTAB or Pro-Cipitate/UF adsorption-elution-concentration. Both treatments resulted in samples on which direct RT-PCR was possible. The CTAB procedure was able to detect 78 pfu of polio and 295 pfu of HAV. The Pro-Cipitate procedure was able to detect 70 pfu polio and 2.1×103 pfu HAV.

Removal of PCR inhibiting substances in sewage sludge amended soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Straub ◽  
Ian L. Pepper ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Seminested Pcr ◽  
Soil Colloids ◽  
Amended Soil

Current methods for the detection of enteric viruses in soil involve elution of viruses from soil colloids using beef extract or other proteins. These eluates are then assayed in cell culture and observed daily for cytopathic effects (CPE). While this method is suitable for detection of enteric viruses by cell culture, these eluates contain humic acids and heavy metals that interfere with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Using beef extract eluates prepared from sludge amended soil, 10 different methods of eluate purification were evaluated for their ability to remove PCR inhibition and maximize sensitivity. The treatment method providing the greatest sensitivity of poliovirus detection by PCR was the combination of Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100. Using this method 2 plaque forming units (PFU) could be detected after reverse transcription and 30 cycles of PCR. Thirty (30) cycles of seminested PCR were performed on these samples to verify nucleic acid sequences and increase sensitivity after the first 30 cycles of PCR. Using seminested PCR, sensitivity of detection using the Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100 treatment method to 0.2 PFU. In addition to providing excellent sensitivity for viruses in sludge amended soils, this treatment method is relatively simple compared to other methods.

A Nylon Filter A-ELISA for Detecting Viruses in Water

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidelfatah M. Nasser ◽  
Yehudit Elkana ◽  
Leon Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Lower Background

This study was designed to develop a modification of A-ELISA performed in microtitre plates. Nylon filters have been utilized successfully as a solid phase for the performance of A-ELISA. The use of nylon filters resulted in lower background than nitro-cellulose and paper filters, indicating their suitability as a solid phase for developing A-ELISA. With enteric viruses, human rotaviruses and MS-2 coliphage, negative results were obtained, suggesting high specificity of the developed technique for poliovirus 1. The sensitivity of the developed A-ELISA has been shown to be at least one order of magnitude greater than ordinary ELISA. A positive result with the nylon A-ELISA can be obtained with samples containing 100-1000 pfu/ml of poliovirus. Up to date methods used for detecting viruses in water are elaborate, time consuming and costly. Applying the nylon A-ELISA may overcome some of these disadvantages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document