scholarly journals Facing metal stress by multiple strategies: morphophysiological responses of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) grown in hydroponics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Sorrentino ◽  
Fiore Capozzi ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Gaetano De Tommaso ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe contamination of environments by heavy metals has become an urgent issue causing undesirable accumulations and severe damages to agricultural crops, especially cadmium and lead which are among the most widespread and dangerous metal pollutants worldwide. The selection of proper species is a crucial step in many plant-based restoration approaches; therefore, the aim of the present work was to check for early morphophysiological responsive traits in three cultivars of Cynara cardunculus (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo), helping to select the best performing cultivar for phytoremediation. For all three tested cultivars, our results indicate that cardoon displays some morphophysiological traits to face Cd and Pb pollution, particularly at the root morphology level, element uptake ability, and photosynthetic pigment content. Other traits show instead a cultivar-specific behavior; in fact, stomata plasticity, photosynthetic pattern, and antioxidant power provide different responses, but only Spagnolo cv. achieves a successful strategy attaining a real resilience to metal stress. The capacity of Spagnolo plants to modify leaf structural and physiological traits under heavy metal contamination to maintain high photosynthetic efficiency should be considered an elective trait for its use in contaminated environments.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soils using Cordyline fruicosa (L)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 05023
Author(s):  
herlina Lina ◽  
widianarko Budi ◽  
rya sunoko Henna
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Selection Of

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and low cost potential strategy for cleaning up of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Selection of promising plant is an important approach for successful phytoremediation. In this study the role of Cordyline fruicosa (L ) plants as a potential phytoremediator to soils contaminated with lead (Pb) was investigated. Pot culture experiments using Cordyline fruicosa (L ) with different level of lead 250, 500 and 750 mg Pb kg-1 soil. The growth parameter biomass root and leaf, Pb accumulation in plant and photosynthetic pigment content were measured after 40 days. The results showed that the increase lead concentrations caused a reduction in most growth parameter and photosynthetic pigment content. On the other hand the lead accumulation in root and leaf was increased by increasing lead concentrations.

scholarly journals Circular Economy Strategies for Equipment Lifetime Extension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fontana ◽  
Andrea Barni ◽  
Deborah Leone ◽  
Maurizio Spirito ◽  
Agata Tringale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Equipment Lifetime ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lifetime Extension

Even if the economy nowadays is still locked into a linear model of production, tighter environmental standards, resource scarcity and changing consumer expectations are forcing organizations to find alternatives to lighten their impacts. The concept of Circular Economy (CE) is to an increasing extent treated as a solution to this series of challenges. That said, the multitude of approaches and definitions around CE and Life Cycle Extension Strategies (LCES) makes it difficult to provide (Small and Medium Enterprise) SMEs with a consistent understanding of the topic. This paper aims at bridging this gap by providing a systematic literature review of the most prominent papers related to the CE and lifetime extension, with a particular focus on the equipment and machinery sector. A taxonomy was used to define and cluster a subset of selected papers to build a homogeneous approach for understanding the multiple strategies used in the industry, and the standards in maintenance and remanufacturing strategies. As a final research step, we also propose a Strategy Characterization Framework (SCF) to build the ground for the selection of the best strategy to be applied for production equipment life cycle extension on several industrial use cases.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Different Citrus Cultivars: A Revaluation of Waste Mandarin Components

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Costanzo ◽  
Maria Rosaria Iesce ◽  
Daniele Naviglio ◽  
Martina Ciaravolo ◽  
Ermenegilda Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Citrus Clementina ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Seed Extracts

Peel, pulp and seed extracts of three mandarin varieties, namely Phlegraean mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Kumquat (Citrus japonica), and Clementine (Citrus clementina) were compared and characterised in terms of photosynthetic pigment content, total polyphenols amount, antioxidant activity and vitamin C to assess the amount of functional compounds for each cultivar. The highest polyphenols content was found in the Phlegraean mandarin, especially in peel and seeds, whereas Kumquat exhibited the highest polyphenols amount in the pulp. The antioxidant activity was higher in the peel of Phlegraean mandarin and clementine compared to Kumquat, which showed the highest value in the pulp. The antioxidant activity peaked in the seeds of Phlegraean mandarin. The vitamin C in the Phlegraean mandarin was the highest in all parts of the fruit, especially in the seeds. Total chlorophyll content was comparable in the peel of different cultivars, in the pulp the highest amount was found in clementine, whereas kumquat seeds showed the greatest values. As regards total carotenoids, peel and pulp of clementine exhibited higher values than the other two cultivars, whereas the kumquat seeds were the richest in carotenoids. Among the analysed cultivars Phlegraean mandarin may be considered the most promising as a source of polyphenols and antioxidants, compared to the clementine and Kumquat, especially for the functional molecules found in the seeds. Moreover, regardless of cultivars this study also highlights important properties in the parts of the fruit generally considered wastes.

Heavy metal contents of soils and plants adjacent to the Hume Highway near Marulan, New South Wales

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
New South ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Relative Purity

HCL-extractable zinc, lead, cadmium and copper in soils as well as concentrations of these elements in bracken (Pteridium esculentum) were found to decrease along four leeward traverses at right angles to the Hume Highway near Marulan. Similar results were obtained for the above-ground portions of rye corn (Secale cereale) grown in a glasshouse on soils collected along one of these traverses. Zinc accession is similar to, but cadmium and lead accessions are considerably lower than, those observed by other workers in the United States probably owing in the case of cadmium to the use of purer zinc oxide in Australian tyre manufacture and in the case of lead to smaller cars and a smaller proportion of vehicles operating on leaded fuel. Zinc and cadmium analyses of Australian and foreign tyres confirmed the relative purity of the zinc oxide used in the manufacture of tyres in Australia. No serious health hazard appears to arise from heavy metal contamination of roadside soils and vegetation by vehicular traffic on the Hume Highway.

Study on the Photosynthetic Efficiency of the Bauhinia blakeana Leaves by Using Photo-Acoustic Tomography Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
Gan Wen Lie ◽  
Guang Hua Lie ◽  
Ding Chao Pan ◽  
Long Hua Ye ◽  
Dong Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Optical Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

By using a new kind of single-beam normalized photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy (PAS-CT) technology with non-damage detection, the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy and optical absorption properties of green and yellow leaves ofBauhinia blakeanawere studied. The results show that: the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy ofBauhinia blakeanaleaves could be obtained from different chopping frequency and different sample positions, and photosynthetic pigment content of their leaves is closely related to their photosynthetic intensity. The more photosynthetic pigment content the leaves ofBauhinia blakeanacontain, the bigger optical absorption coefficient and the higher photosynthetic efficiency they have. The photosynthetic pigment content of the green leaves ofBauhinia blakeanais higher than that of the yellow ones. As a result, the photosynthesis of green leaves is better than that of the yellow ones. According to the results of our research, the photosynthetic efficiency ofBauhinia blakeanacould be improved and its growth time could be effectively controlled to enhance the growth ofBauhinia blakeana. Furthermore, it could play an important role on the development of forestry, and meet the need of forest for 6 billion people. The research showed high science value to the study and applications of the photosynthesis of plants.

Efficacy of interventions in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
José K Côté ◽  
Gaston Godin
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this paper is to perform a critical review of the effectiveness of interventions for the purpose of enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy. The overall evaluation indicates that research is in its early stages. Although pilot studies provide support for the feasibility of their protocols, and preliminary results also suggest their capacity to improve adherence, only three major trials have reported significant improvement in adherence. The issues that will have to be addressed by future studies include: (a) the need for a theoretical and empirical understanding of the phenomena; (b) adoption of a format that fits the attributes of the population; (c) the use of multiple strategies involving key providers; (d) a concise and precise schedule governing the frequency and intensity of the intervention; (e) a careful selection of direct outcome; and (f) appropriate time measurement. In sum, greater efforts to design and evaluate interventions are needed to lead to an increase in adherence and improvement in treatment effectiveness.

Study on the Photosynthetic Efficiency of the Bischofia javanica Leaves by Using Photo-Acoustic Tomography Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
Gan Wen Lie ◽  
Guang Hua Lie ◽  
Hou Zhu Mao ◽  
Dong Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Optical Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Bischofia Javanica

By using a new kind of single-beam normalized photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy (PAS-CT) technology with non-damage detection, the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy, optical absorption properties and photosynthetic pigment content of green and red leaves ofBischofia javanicawere studied. The results show that: the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy ofBischofia javanicaleaves could be obtained from different chopping frequency and different sample positions, and photosynthetic pigment content of their leaves is closely related to their photosynthetic intensity. The more photosynthetic pigment content the leaves ofBischofia javanicacontain, the bigger optical absorption coefficient and the higher photosynthetic efficiency they have. The photosynthetic pigment content of the green leaves ofBischofia javanicais higher than that of the red ones. As a result, the photosynthesis of green leaves is better than that of the red ones. According to the results of our research, the photosynthetic efficiency ofBischofia javanicacould be improved and its growth time could be effectively controlled to enhance the growth ofBischofia javanica. Furthermore, it could play an important role on the development of forestry, and meet the need of forest for 6 billion people. The research showed high science value to study and applications of the photosynthesis of plants.

Self-limiting atmospheric lifetime of environmentally reactive elements in volcanic plumes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Ilyinskaya ◽  
Emily Mason ◽  
Penny Wieser ◽  
Lacey Holland ◽  
Emma Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

<p>Volcanoes are a large global source of almost every element, including ~20 environmentally reactive trace elements classified as metal pollutants (e.g. selenium, cadmium and lead). Fluxes of metal pollutants from individual eruptions can be comparable to total anthropogenic emissions from large countries such as China.</p><p>The 2018 Lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaii produced exceptionally high emission rates of major and trace chemical species compared to other basaltic eruptions over 3 months (200 kt/day of SO<sub>2</sub>; Kern et al. 2019). We tracked the volcanic plume from vent to exposed communities over 0-240 km distance using in-situ sampling and atmospheric dispersion modelling. This is the first time that trace elements in volcanic emissions (~60 species) are mapped over such distances. In 2019, we repeated the field campaign during a no-eruption period and showed that volcanic emissions had caused 3-5 orders of magnitude increase in airborne metal pollutant concentrations across the Island of Hawai’i.</p><p>We show that the volatility of the elements (the ease with which they are degassed from the magma) controls their particle-phase speciation, which in turn determines how fast they are depleted from the plume after emission. Elements with high magmatic volatilities (e.g. selenium, cadmium and lead) have up to 6 orders of magnitude higher depletion rates compared to non-volatile elements (e.g. magnesium, aluminium and rare earth metals).</p><p>Previous research and hazard mitigation efforts on volcanic emissions have focussed on sulphur and it has been assumed that other pollutants follow the same dispersion patterns. Our results show that the atmospheric fate of sulphur, and therefore the associated hazard distribution, does not represent an accurate guide to the behaviour and potential impacts of other species in volcanic emissions. Metal pollutants are predominantly volatile in volcanic plumes, and their rapid deposition (self-limited by their volatility) places disproportionate environmental burdens on the populated areas in the immediate vicinity of the active and, in turn, reduces the impacts on far-field communities.</p><p>Reference: Kern, C., T. Elias, P. Nadeau, A. H. Lerner, C. A. Werner, M. Cappos, L. E. Clor, P. J. Kelly, V. J. Realmuto, N. Theys, S. A. Carn, AGU, 2019; https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm19/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/507140.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document