Efficacy of interventions in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
José K Côté ◽  
Gaston Godin
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this paper is to perform a critical review of the effectiveness of interventions for the purpose of enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy. The overall evaluation indicates that research is in its early stages. Although pilot studies provide support for the feasibility of their protocols, and preliminary results also suggest their capacity to improve adherence, only three major trials have reported significant improvement in adherence. The issues that will have to be addressed by future studies include: (a) the need for a theoretical and empirical understanding of the phenomena; (b) adoption of a format that fits the attributes of the population; (c) the use of multiple strategies involving key providers; (d) a concise and precise schedule governing the frequency and intensity of the intervention; (e) a careful selection of direct outcome; and (f) appropriate time measurement. In sum, greater efforts to design and evaluate interventions are needed to lead to an increase in adherence and improvement in treatment effectiveness.

Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Janice L. Waldron ◽  
Stephanie Horsley ◽  
Kari K. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
The Future ◽  
User Data ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Data Surface

We all feel the implications of the force of social media—for good and for ill—in our lives and in our professional world. At the time of this writing, Facebook continues with its struggle to “clean up its act” as more revelations surrounding breaches of trust and hacked user data surface in the news and various countries attempt to hold Facebook to account. Despite this, social media use continues to grow exponentially, and the potential for responsible, ethical, and transparent social media to transform the ways in which we interact with and learn from each other increase with it. As we wait to see what the future holds for social media in society, we are reminded once again that it is the careful selection of pedagogical tools such as social media, as well the guided awareness of the challenges and benefits of those tools, that remains constant, even as tools may change, disappear, or fall out of fashion.

scholarly journals Circular Economy Strategies for Equipment Lifetime Extension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fontana ◽  
Andrea Barni ◽  
Deborah Leone ◽  
Maurizio Spirito ◽  
Agata Tringale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Equipment Lifetime ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lifetime Extension

Even if the economy nowadays is still locked into a linear model of production, tighter environmental standards, resource scarcity and changing consumer expectations are forcing organizations to find alternatives to lighten their impacts. The concept of Circular Economy (CE) is to an increasing extent treated as a solution to this series of challenges. That said, the multitude of approaches and definitions around CE and Life Cycle Extension Strategies (LCES) makes it difficult to provide (Small and Medium Enterprise) SMEs with a consistent understanding of the topic. This paper aims at bridging this gap by providing a systematic literature review of the most prominent papers related to the CE and lifetime extension, with a particular focus on the equipment and machinery sector. A taxonomy was used to define and cluster a subset of selected papers to build a homogeneous approach for understanding the multiple strategies used in the industry, and the standards in maintenance and remanufacturing strategies. As a final research step, we also propose a Strategy Characterization Framework (SCF) to build the ground for the selection of the best strategy to be applied for production equipment life cycle extension on several industrial use cases.

scholarly journals Facing metal stress by multiple strategies: morphophysiological responses of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) grown in hydroponics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Sorrentino ◽  
Fiore Capozzi ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Gaetano De Tommaso ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe contamination of environments by heavy metals has become an urgent issue causing undesirable accumulations and severe damages to agricultural crops, especially cadmium and lead which are among the most widespread and dangerous metal pollutants worldwide. The selection of proper species is a crucial step in many plant-based restoration approaches; therefore, the aim of the present work was to check for early morphophysiological responsive traits in three cultivars of Cynara cardunculus (Sardo, Siciliano, and Spagnolo), helping to select the best performing cultivar for phytoremediation. For all three tested cultivars, our results indicate that cardoon displays some morphophysiological traits to face Cd and Pb pollution, particularly at the root morphology level, element uptake ability, and photosynthetic pigment content. Other traits show instead a cultivar-specific behavior; in fact, stomata plasticity, photosynthetic pattern, and antioxidant power provide different responses, but only Spagnolo cv. achieves a successful strategy attaining a real resilience to metal stress. The capacity of Spagnolo plants to modify leaf structural and physiological traits under heavy metal contamination to maintain high photosynthetic efficiency should be considered an elective trait for its use in contaminated environments.

Catacomb culture wagons of the Eurasian steppes

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (340) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Shishlina ◽  
D.S. Kovalev ◽  
E.R. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The origin and development of wheeled vehicles continues to fascinate today no less than when Stuart Piggott (1974) first wrote about the subject inAntiquity40 years ago. A growing number of examples from the steppes of southern Russia and Ukraine are providing new insights into the design and construction of these complex artefacts. A recent example from the Ulan IV burial mound illustrates the techniques employed and the mastery of materials, with careful selection of the kinds of wood used for the wheels, axles and other elements. Stable isotope analysis of the individual interred in this grave showed that he had travelled widely, emphasising the mobility of steppe populations.

scholarly journals The Effects of Landscape Elements on the Breeding Sites of Bloodsucking Midge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2863
Author(s):  
Kaowen Grace Chang ◽  
Hungju Chien
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Potential Habitats ◽  
Landscape Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Forcipomyia taiwana, a bloodsucking midge that is one of the most irritating biting pests in Taiwan, has raised widespread public concern. However, we have little information about the extent to which landscape factors affect their potential habitats. As a result, landscape professionals do not have enough information to implement preventive strategies to control midges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between landscaping and algae growth for larval breeding sites of Forcipomyia taiwana. The intent is to determine the environmental strategies that make the planned landscape unsuitable for midges to breed. GIS based on data collected from 16 constructed landscape sites (317,187 m2 in total) was utilized to spatially examine the relationship between the occurrence of the algae for midge breeding sites and the ground surface types and planting characteristics in each landscape. The results revealed that the potential midge habitats can be controlled through careful selection of the ground surface, the improvement of the site drainage, and choosing plants with the appropriate characteristics. Apart from choosing the appropriate type of paving surface, the integrity of the paving installation and the coverage of the ecological surface also influence prevention efficacy.

WEIGHT GAINS IN THE FIRST FOUR WEEKS OF INFANCY: A COMPARISON OF THREE DIETS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Ruth T. Gross ◽  
Lincoln E. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Clinical Judgement ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

Four hundred seven healthy, full-term infants were divided into three groups and fed, respectively, a formula of evaporated milk and water with 5% carbohydrate; human milk; and a special modified evaporated milk designed to simulate human milk. No other foods were added to the diet. A comparison of the three groups was made, based on weight gains from birth to the end of the first 4 weeks. The conclusions refer only to weight gains; no attempt was made to determine the superiority of any particular diet. The data show no significant differences in the 4-week weight gains among the three groups of infants, although sensitive statistical methods could be validly applied to the problem. These methods are explained. The authors wish to emphasize the many variables which must be taken into account in a study of this sort; the necessity for careful selection of valid statistical methods; the importance of critical clinical judgement in the evaluation of the results.

The Design for Assembly Guidelines Transform a Product Innovation From a Loser to a Winner

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Myszka
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Design For Assembly ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Manual Review ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Several manufacturer’s are witnessing soaring profits as a result of cost reductions derived from Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) analyses. These successes are prompting others to turn to more refined computer models of product assemblies. However, much can be gained from a very routine analysis, using nothing more than the basic Design for Assembly (DFA) guidelines. These gains can be realized at a mere fraction of the resources needed for the computer models. This method of analysis is especially appealing to engineers whose time constraints require careful selection of design activities. This paper argues that DFMA analysis does not need to be an elaborate modeling process to produce significant cost improvements. This point is illustrated with an example of a redesign of a cooking range door. A manual review of the DFA guidelines turned a design innovation from a loser into a winner. Success stories from such informal analyses should promote greater implementation across industries that are hesitant in adopting DFMA practices.

scholarly journals Report of the Odessa City Psychiatric Hospital for 1906, compiled by the doctors of the hospital

1907 ◽  
Vol XIV (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The report is a careful selection of digital data that illuminate in detail and visually the aspects of hospital life for the reporting year, especially since these data are organized into interesting general conclusions.

scholarly journals SMALL LOCAL BANKS IN SOCIAL MEDIA: CONVERTING SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTO CONSUMER ATTENTION AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-987
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kozłowski ◽  
Iwa Kuchciak
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Consumer Attention ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of

This study investigates the thematic content of Facebook disclosures from small local banks (SLBs) in Poland, their impact on Facebook users’ attention, and the economic repercussions for SLBs’ growth and performance. Based on the specificity of SLBs and existing empirical evidence, it hypothesizes that disclosures on socially responsible issues increase customer attention and can be converted into economic outcomes. To verify the posed hypotheses, several data sources are employed, including a hand-collected dataset describing the specificity of Facebook activities from SLBs in Poland between 2010 and 2017, and a stepwise research strategy is implemented. First, models of SLBs’ Facebook disclosures are distinguished. Second, the kinds of social media activities that ensure SLBs’ popularity among Facebook users are determined. Third, the thematic content of SLBs’ Facebook disclosures is related to their growth or performance indicators. The collected evidence shows that SLBs, as expected, can garner attention if they concentrate their social media activities mainly on socially responsible or local issues. Moreover, socially responsible activities and economic outcomes are generally not opposed, but only a careful selection of specific social disclosures can effectively exploit social media to the economic advantage of SLBs.

scholarly journals TEXT OF POLICY IN THE BACKGROUND OF CIVILIZATIONAL CONTEXTS AND SUBTEXTS AS A MISSING ELEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Zoreslav Samchuk
Keyword(s):  
Careful Selection ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Institutional Status ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Missing Element ◽  
Minor Episode ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Politics feels the steady influence of the civilization factor first of all and mainly because for various reasons the way of its existence prevents the careful selection of optimal articulation, argumentation and rhetorical approaches; instead of this, the civilization factor works not so much within the limits of specific and historical priorities, as in a much longer retrospective and perspective. Unlike politics, for civilization modernity is a minor episode, which becomes meaningful only in the context of some historical continuity and prospects for the future. At the expense of the closest possible association links with the civilization factor, politics tries to legitimize and raise its institutional status and ensure a respectable image. It tries to prove that it also works on the principles of historical continuity, and her argumentatively vulnerable memoranda are not without prospects for the future.

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