Summary
The increasing interest in agroecological practices and the current consideration of agrarian soils as a sustainable resource are driving the development of new strategies to manage soil parasites and diseases. The application of organic matter from different sources to reduce plant parasites contributes to circular economy by applying by-products as soil organic amendments that reduce wastes. Wine vinasse (WV) is a by-product generated to obtain alcohol from wine by physical methods in distilleries. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of WV and its combination with animal manure (WV+M) as soil biodisinfestation products. For this, it was compared with a plastic-covered control to distinguish the biodisinfestation from solarisation effect. The crops tested consisted of a tomato-Swiss chard rotation under glasshouse conditions. Their effects on Meloidogyne incognita, soil fertility, nematode community and crop yield were assessed. The results obtained after two seasons showed a reduction of M. incognita galling in the root system of both crops. The immediate effect after the treatment application was a reduction in the abundance of nematodes and changes in the nematode-based indices that affected all plots, including the control, most likely related to the tillage effect for the treatments application and the plastic cover. Soil fertility was improved by the application of WV (NO3−, Bioav. P) and WV+M (C, Ntotal, K), which reduced herbivore nematode metabolic footprints and enhanced bacterivore footprints. Our results indicate that the combination WV+M was effective reducing M. incognita infection, and improved crop yield. Use of by-products such as WV is a helpful tool for managing horticultural soils.
Effects of combined application of organic amendments and fertilizers on crop yield and soil organic matter: An integrated analysis of long-term experiments