scholarly journals Tracing anthropogenic sources of Tantalum and Niobium in Bothnian Bay sediments, Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sutliff-Johansson ◽  
S Pontér ◽  
E Engström ◽  
I Rodushkin ◽  
P Peltola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hydrous Ferric Oxides ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate temporal trends of Tantalum (Ta) and Niobium (Nb) concentrations in northern Baltic Sea sediments with focus on the potential impact from the Rönnskär sulfide ore smelter, located 15 km east of Skellefteå in northern Sweden. The potential of Ta or Nb to serve as tracers for environmental pollution caused by the electronic waste is compared. Lastly, correlations between Ta and Nb concentrations and those of major redox elements are investigated. Methods A 35-cm-deep core was collected in the harbor bay (Kallholmsfjärden) outside of the smelter. A secondary 6-m-deep sediment core was collected in the deep Bothnian Bay for comparative purposes. Element screening analysis was conducted the using ICP-SFMS for the Kallhomsfjärden core and a combination of ICP-SFMS and ICP-OES for the Bothnian Bay core. In the final analysis, a 5-step sequential extraction technique was preformed to allow for better prediction of the fate and mobility of Ta and Nb. Results and discussion In the vicinity of the smelter, Ta concentration increases from 0.42 to 3.8 ppm from the time coinciding with the beginning of electronic waste processing. Conversely, Nb concentration remained stable at background levels throughout the core at 6.33 ± 0.78 ppm. The Nb/Ta ratio thus changed from 14.5 to 1.7, reflecting an increase of anthropogenic input of Ta into the bay sediments. In the pre-industrial part of the sediment, concentrations of both elements follow concentration of aluminosilicates in the core. In recent sediments, however, the anthropogenic Ta exhibits an association with hydrous ferric oxides (HFOs) and organic matter. Conclusions Notable increases in Ta concentrations began following the beginning of scrap metal and electronic waste processing at the Rönnskär smelter. Anthropogenic Ta introduced in the upper portion of the sediment and are more associated with HFOs and organic material than natural Ta seen in the deeper parts of the core where detrital Ta is most common. Niobium was not affected by the Rönnskär smelter and displayed no notable change to the preindustrial background.

scholarly journals A Model of the Environmental Burden of RFID Technology in the Slovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3684
Author(s):  
Bibiana Bukova ◽  
Jiri Tengler ◽  
Eva Brumercikova
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
The Core ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Model Household

The paper focuses on the environmental burden created by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags in the Slovak Republic (SR). In order to determine the burden there, a model example was created to calculate electronic waste produced by households in the SR by placing RFID tags into municipal waste. The paper presents a legislative regulatory approach towards the environmental impacts from using RFID tags in the SR, as well as an analysis of the environmental burden of using RFID tags throughout the world. The core of the paper is focused on the research conducted in order to calculate the environmental burden of a model household in the SR, where the number of used RFID tags per year was observed; then, the volume of e-waste produced by households of the Slovak Republic per year was determined. In the conclusion, we provide the results of the research presented and discuss including our own proposal for solving the problems connected with the environmental burden of RFID technology.

Electronic Waste Processing through Copper Recycling

2016 ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghodrat ◽  
M. Akbar Rhamdhani ◽  
Geoffrey Brooks ◽  
Syed Masood ◽  
Glen Corder
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Processing

Peace in Lebanon and the Middle East

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Salim El Hoss
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Core ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Sustainable Peace

Lebanon has never experienced an extended interval of sustainable peace since its independence. In 1975, Lebanon was the scene of a civil war. In 1982, a full-scale war was mounted by Israel. In the process massacres were perpetrated by the Israelis. The current crisis has been punctuated by momentous tragic events which brought salient changes in the sordid course of life in the country, unleashing a prolonged cabinet crisis, and finally an intricate, highly critical discord over the election of a new president. It was no accident that so many spots of tension are boiling at the same time in the Middle East in Lebanon, in Palestine, in Iraq, and in Sudan. The conventional wisdom is that, in the final analysis, Palestine lies at the core of all the mayhem. The linkage between the repeated Lebanese crises and the Palestinian issue is only too obvious. The proclivity of Arab officialdom is to negotiate within the context of what is known as the Arab initiative. The Euro–American declared position is that any negotiations should be conducted in accordance with the Road Map sponsored by the Quartet. Both initiatives leave a lot to be desired.

Recovery of Gold and Silver from Secondary Sources of Electronic Waste Processing by Thiourea Leaching

JOM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
Emily Molstad ◽  
Brajendra Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Secondary Sources

scholarly journals Tracing Anthropogenic Sources of Tantalum in Bothnian Bay Sediments, Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Sutliff-Johansson ◽  
Simon Ponter ◽  
Emma Engström ◽  
Ilia Rodushkin ◽  
Pasi Peltola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Bothnian Bay

scholarly journals Kirkebygninger i religionsmodellens grænseflade. Mellem fælles kulturarv og folkekirkeligt magtmonopol

2015 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Hans Raun Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

The organization and work of The Danish National Church form the core of the Danish model of religion. One might, therefore, think that this would also include the church buildings used by the church. I argue that the church buildings used by The National Church and especially the pre-Reformation buildings are placed in the borderland of the Danish model of religion, since they belong to the common cultural heritage although they are administered by the church. I analyze the historically conditioned ownership followed by an outline of the interpretations of the buildings endorsed by respectively the official church and its members. The special situation pertinent to the church buildings of Copenhagen is described before the final analysis of the principles underlying the decision by the Minister of Cultural Affairs on the bishop’s suggestion to close down 14 churches in Copenhagen in 2013. I conclude that church buildings in Denmark hold a status similar to holy cows in India.Folkekirkens organisation og virksomhed udgør den danske religionsmodels kerneområde. Herudfra slutter man let, at det også må gælde de kirkebygninger, som folkekirken gør brug af. Det er denne artikels tese, at folkekirkens kirkebygninger, og særligt den dominerende del af dem, som er bygget før reformationen, hører hjemme i den danske religionsmodels grænseflade. Dette fordi de tilhører den fælles kulturarv, selv om de er undergivet folkekirkelig administration. Artiklen beskriver først bygningernes historisk betingede ejendomsretlige status, dernæst den folkelige og kirkelige tolkning af bygningerne, og endelig redegøres der for de særlige forhold omkring kirkerne i København. Til sidst analyseres de principielle retningslinjer om kirkebygninger, der kommer til orde gennem Kulturministerens afgørelse af 14 kirkelukningssager i Københavns Stift i 2013. Konklusionen lyder, at kirkebygningernes status i Danmark er sammenlignelig med de hellige køers status i Indien

scholarly journals Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Reutilization in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11433
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Yi Deng ◽  
Shuyuan Li ◽  
Keli Yu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Intelligent Management ◽  
Four Levels

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), also called electronic waste or e-waste, the core of “urban mining”, is attracting more and more attention to its pollution control and circular recycling. Hence, we defined WEEE, preliminarily discussed its history in China and pointed out that China has made great achievements in WEEE circular reutilization and pollution control. Meanwhile, we analyzed the four levels of circular WEEE recycling: repair, reuse and remanufacture, waste-to-materials, waste-to-products and waste-to-energy, and also put forward questions during this process. Moving forward, WEEE management will turn to intelligent management targeted on hazardous waste and other pollution, not merely the guidelines. Meanwhile, WEEE technology will transfer to value-added and automated reutilization, not just simple dismantling.

Paleolimnological evidence for the long-range atmospheric transport of acidic pollutants and heavy metals into the Province of Quebec, eastern Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ouellet ◽  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Recent Sediments

The present study deals with the geochemical stratigraphic evolution of the recent sediments of 26 lakes located throughout the Province of Quebec, Canada. Although there is no major anthropogenic activity within the watersheds of many of these lakes, it is shown that Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cu levels in the most recent sediments of all lakes increased significantly from 1940 onwards. It is suggested that these increases are due to the increased burning of fossil fuels (particularly coal). The heavy-metal increases tend to be relatively high, especially for Pb, Hg, and Zn, in the sediments of lakes from areas close to the U.S.A.–Quebec boundary, while lakes in more remote areas show smaller increases in the strata laid down in the same time periods. Pb contents in the sediments show a sustained increase in all of the upper strata. However, the subsequent reduction in the stratigraphic concentration of Zn and Hg since 1960 in both an acidified system (Lake Tantare) and a non-acidified lake (Lake Laflamme) might be the result of the important decrease of the total particulate emissions to the atmosphere associated with new technology for coal-fired power plants and the use of cleaner energy sources.The increase in Al in the sediments of Lake Tantare since 1950 is attributed to the processes of surface water acidification of this watershed induced by the long-range atmospheric transport of SOx and NOx.Based on the sedimentary anthropogenic enrichment factor (SAEF) values for the remote sites there is no evidence in the present study for associating the origin of certain heavy metals in these lake sediments with alternative anthropogenic sources such as the Ni and Cu smelting complexes located in Sudbury (Ontario) and Rouyn–Noranda (Quebec). The major sources of heavy-metal deposition and acid precipitation are thus associated with the long-range transport of emissions from fossil fuel combustion originating in the heavily industrialized American Midwest region.

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