Direct estimation of rupture depths of earthquake faults from coseismic surface deformation

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1986-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fu ◽  
CaiBo Hu ◽  
HaiMing Zhang ◽  
HuiHui Xu ◽  
YongEn Cai
Vestnik MEI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Anton Yu. Poroykov ◽  
◽  
Konstantin M. Lapitskiy ◽  

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stahl ◽  
Kevin Stultz ◽  
H. Stahl ◽  
Kevin Stultz

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Phipps Scott ◽  
◽  
J. Ramon Arrowsmith ◽  
Christopher J. Crosby
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 04001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Müller ◽  
Matthias C. Wapler ◽  
Ulrike Wallrabe

We present a rapid-prototyping process to fabricate aspherical lens arrays based on surface deformation due to thermal expansion of PDMS. Using laser-structuring and molding in combination with an FEM-based shape optimization, we were able to design, fabricate and characterize different micro-lens arrays. This fabrication process can be used for almost any kind of arbitrary lens shape, which allows for a large design freedom for micro lenses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1127-1145
Author(s):  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Youdong Chen ◽  
Lisha Qiu ◽  
...  

AbstractSurface deformation has become an important factor affecting urban development. Lanzhou is an important location in the Belt and Road Initiative, an international development policy implemented by the Chinese government. Because of rapid urbanization in Lanzhou, surface deformation occurs easily. However, the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation and the interaction of driving forces behind surface deformation in Lanzhou are unclear. This paper uses small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technology to obtain the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation in Lanzhou based on 32 Sentinel-1A data from March 2015 to January 2017. We further employ a geographical detector (geo-detector) to analyze the driving forces (single-factor effects and multifactor interactions) of surface deformation. The results show that the central urban area of Lanzhou was stable, while there was surface deformation around Nanhuan road, Dongfanghong Square, Jiuzhou, Country Garden, Dachaiping, Yujiaping, Lanzhou North Freight Yard, and Liuquan Town. The maximum deformation rate was −26.50 mm year−1, and the maximum rate of increase was 9.80 mm year−1. The influence factors of surface deformation in Lanzhou was a complex superposition relationship among various influencing factors, not a result of the single factor. The interaction between the built-up area and land cover types was the most important factor behind surface deformation in Lanzhou. This paper provides the reference data and scientific foundation for disaster prevention in Lanzhou.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Qigang Jiang ◽  
Chao Shi ◽  
Xitong Xu ◽  
Yundi Gong ◽  
...  

Kuh-e-Namak (Dashti) namakier is one of the most active salt diapirs along the Zagros fold–thrust belt in Iran. Its surface deformation should be measured to estimate its long-term kinematics. Ten Sentinel-2 optical images acquired between October 2016 and December 2019 were processed by using Co-Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) method. Forty-seven Sentinel-1 ascending Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired between April 2017 and December 2019 were processed by using Small Baseline Subset Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) method. The deformation of Kuh-e-Namak (Dashti) namakier was measured using both methods. Then, meteorological data were utilized to explore the relationship between the kinematics of the namakier and weather conditions and differences in macrodeformation behavior of various rock salt types. The advantages and disadvantages of COSI-Corr and SBAS-InSAR methods in measuring the deformation of the namakier were compared. The results show that: (1) The flank subsides in the dry season and uplifts in the rainy season, whereas the dome subsides in the rainy season and uplifts in the dry season. Under extreme rainfall conditions, the namakier experiences permanent plastic deformation. (2) The “dirty” rock salt of the namakier is more prone to flow than the “clean” rock salt in terms of macrodeformation behavior. (3) In the exploration of the kinematics of the namakier via the two methods, COSI-Corr is superior to SBAS-InSAR on a spatial scale, but the latter is superior to the former on a time scale.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Jun Hu ◽  
Qiaoqiao Ge ◽  
Jihong Liu ◽  
Wenyan Yang ◽  
Zhigui Du ◽  
...  

The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique has been widely used to obtain the ground surface deformation of geohazards (e.g., mining subsidence and landslides). As one of the inherent errors in the interferometric phase, the digital elevation model (DEM) error is usually estimated with the help of an a priori deformation model. However, it is difficult to determine an a priori deformation model that can fit the deformation time series well, leading to possible bias in the estimation of DEM error and the deformation time series. In this paper, we propose a method that can construct an adaptive deformation model, based on a set of predefined functions and the hypothesis testing theory in the framework of the small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) method. Since it is difficult to fit the deformation time series over a long time span by using only one function, the phase time series is first divided into several groups with overlapping regions. In each group, the hypothesis testing theory is employed to adaptively select the optimal deformation model from the predefined functions. The parameters of adaptive deformation models and the DEM error can be modeled with the phase time series and solved by a least square method. Simulations and real data experiments in the Pingchuan mining area, Gaunsu Province, China, demonstrate that, compared to the state-of-the-art deformation modeling strategy (e.g., the linear deformation model and the function group deformation model), the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of DEM error estimation and can benefit the estimation of deformation time series.


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