Improved strategies to efficiently isolate thermophilic, thermotolerant, and heat-resistant fungi from compost and soil

AbstractThermophilic, thermotolerant and heat-resistant fungi developed different physiological traits, enabling them to sustain or even flourish under elevated temperatures, which are life-hostile for most other eukaryotes. With the growing demand of heat-stable molecules in biotechnology and industry, the awareness of heat-adapted fungi as a promising source of respective enzymes and biomolecules is still increasing. The aim of this study was to test two different strategies for the efficient isolation and identification of distinctly heat-adapted fungi from easily accessible substrates and locations. Eight compost piles and ten soil sites were sampled in combination with different culture-dependent approaches to describe suitable strategies for the isolation and selection of thermophilous fungi. Additionally, an approach with a heat-shock treatment, but without elevated temperature incubation led to the isolation of heat-resistant mesophilic species. The cultures were identified based on morphology, DNA barcodes, and microsatellite fingerprinting. In total, 191 obtained isolates were assigned to 31 fungal species, from which half are truly thermophilic or thermotolerant, while the other half are heat-resistant fungi. A numerous amount of heat-adapted fungi was isolated from both compost and soil samples, indicating the suitability of the used approaches and that the richness and availability of those organisms in such environments are substantially high.

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Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Ola Hashem ◽

Viola Zaki ◽

Rawia Adawy

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Fungal Species ◽

High Rate ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

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Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.10.303 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 2858-2873 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Robert Francke

Keyword(s):

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Ring Formation ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Strong Acids ◽

Selection Of ◽

Made In

Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.

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R-BPMV-Mediated Resistance to Bean pod mottle virus in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Is Heat-Stable but Elevated Temperatures Boost Viral Infection in Susceptible Genotypes

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13071239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1239

Author(s):

Chouaïb Meziadi ◽

Julie Lintz ◽

Masoud Naderpour ◽

Charlotte Gautier ◽

Sophie Blanchet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽

Heat Stable ◽

The Impact

In the context of climate change, elevated temperature is a major concern due to the impact on plant–pathogen interactions. Although atmospheric temperature is predicted to increase in the next century, heat waves during summer seasons have already become a current problem. Elevated temperatures strongly influence plant–virus interactions, the most drastic effect being a breakdown of plant viral resistance conferred by some major resistance genes. In this work, we focused on the R-BPMV gene, a major resistance gene against Bean pod mottle virus in Phaseolus vulgaris. We inoculated different BPMV constructs in order to study the behavior of the R-BPMV-mediated resistance at normal (20 °C) and elevated temperatures (constant 25, 30, and 35 °C). Our results show that R-BPMV mediates a temperature-dependent phenotype of resistance from hypersensitive reaction at 20 °C to chlorotic lesions at 35 °C in the resistant genotype BAT93. BPMV is detected in inoculated leaves but not in systemic ones, suggesting that the resistance remains heat-stable up to 35 °C. R-BPMV segregates as an incompletely dominant gene in an F2 population. We also investigated the impact of elevated temperature on BPMV infection in susceptible genotypes, and our results reveal that elevated temperatures boost BPMV infection both locally and systemically in susceptible genotypes.

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Bacterial Community of Galchi-Baechu Kimchi Based on Culture-Dependent Investigations and Selection of Starter Candidates

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.4014/jmb.2112.12003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tao Kim ◽

Sojeong Heo ◽

Hong-Eun Na ◽

Gawon Lee ◽

Jong-Hoon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Culture Dependent ◽

Selection Of

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Microstructure and strength of a novel heat-resistant aluminum alloy strengthened by T-Al6Mg11Zn11 phase at elevated temperatures

Materials Science and Engineering A ◽

10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 739 ◽

pp. 62-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Naoki Takata ◽

Masato Ishihara ◽

Asuka Suzuki ◽

Makoto Kobashi

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Heat Resistant

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Newly Developed Heat Resistant Magnesium Alloy by Thixomolding®

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.287 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 287-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tadayoshi Tsukeda ◽

Ken Saito ◽

Mayumi Suzuki ◽

Junichi Koike ◽

Kouichi Maruyama

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Magnesium Alloys ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Die Casting ◽

The Other ◽

Heat Resistant ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Better Than

We compared the newly developed heat resistant magnesium alloy with conventional ones by Thixomolding® and aluminum alloy by die casting. Tensile properties at elevated temperatures of AXEJ6310 were equal to those of ADC12. In particular, elongation tendency of AXEJ6310 at higher temperature was better than those of the other alloys. Creep resistance of AXEJ6310 was larger than that of AE42 by almost 3 orders and smaller than that of ADC12 by almost 2 orders of magnitude. Fatigue limits at room temperature and 423K of AXEJ6310 was superior among conventional magnesium alloys.

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Isolation and identification of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from Sapindus mukorossi

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v26i2pp218-220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

B.D. Varpe

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

Candida Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

The Rich ◽

High Level

Phylloplane biodiversity and endophytic fungi is considered one of the rich origins of novel biological activity compounds and high-level structural variation on the leaf surface. Plant leaves surface is a diverse terrestrial ecosystem, including filamentous fungi. This study aims to study the isolation and enumeration of Sapindus mukorossi phylloplane and endophytic fungal diversity. The Sapindus mukorossi isolated 14 fungal species from 9 genera of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate, Collectotrichum orbiculare, Torulla herbarium, Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sp. as a phylloplane fungi. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Epicoccum nigrum. Penicillum digitatum, Penicillum sp. were identified as endophytic fungi.

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The Efficacy of a Diode Laser on Titanium Implants for the Reduction of Microorganisms That Cause Periimplantitis

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14237215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 7215

Author(s):

Anna Wawrzyk ◽

Michał Łobacz ◽

Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽

Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel ◽

Mansur Rahnama

Keyword(s):

Laser Irradiation ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Laser Wavelength ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Streptococcus Constellatus ◽

Surface Optical ◽

Irradiation Process

The paper presents the optimisation of a safe diode laser irradiation process applied to the surface of titanium implants in order to reduce microbial numbers in the treatment of inflammation classified as periimplantitis. The study comprised isolation and identification of microorganisms inhabiting surfaces of dental implants, crowns, teeth and saliva from patients with fully symptomatic periimplantitis. Microorganisms were detected by a culture-dependent method and identified with the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The isolated microorganisms were inoculated on the surface of a new implant and then irradiated by a diode laser (wavelength of 810 ± 10 nm) in one, two or three repetitions and biocidal efficacy was assessed. To evaluate impact of laser irradiation on roughness, morphology and structure of the implant surface, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used. Examination of the tested surfaces and saliva revealed the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one fungal species. In all patients, cultures from the endosseous part of the implant revealed the presence of the pathogenic and pyogenic bacterium Streptococcus constellatus. In 13 out of 20 samples laser-irradiated in duplicate and triplicate, all microorganisms were eliminated. The irradiation used did not cause any changes in the properties of the implant surface.

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