The Efficacy of a Diode Laser on Titanium Implants for the Reduction of Microorganisms That Cause Periimplantitis

The paper presents the optimisation of a safe diode laser irradiation process applied to the surface of titanium implants in order to reduce microbial numbers in the treatment of inflammation classified as periimplantitis. The study comprised isolation and identification of microorganisms inhabiting surfaces of dental implants, crowns, teeth and saliva from patients with fully symptomatic periimplantitis. Microorganisms were detected by a culture-dependent method and identified with the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The isolated microorganisms were inoculated on the surface of a new implant and then irradiated by a diode laser (wavelength of 810 ± 10 nm) in one, two or three repetitions and biocidal efficacy was assessed. To evaluate impact of laser irradiation on roughness, morphology and structure of the implant surface, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used. Examination of the tested surfaces and saliva revealed the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one fungal species. In all patients, cultures from the endosseous part of the implant revealed the presence of the pathogenic and pyogenic bacterium Streptococcus constellatus. In 13 out of 20 samples laser-irradiated in duplicate and triplicate, all microorganisms were eliminated. The irradiation used did not cause any changes in the properties of the implant surface.

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Photobiomodulation by a 635nm Diode Laser on Peri-Implant Bone: Primary and Secondary Stability and Bone Density Analysis—A Randomized Clinical Trial

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2785302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jacek Matys ◽

Katarzyna Świder ◽

Kinga Grzech-Leśniak ◽

Marzena Dominiak ◽

Umberto Romeo

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Total Energy ◽

Laser Irradiation ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Healing Process ◽

Average Power ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Stability ◽

The Impact ◽

Secondary Stability

Introduction. Various procedures in dental implantology are performed to enhance the bone healing process and implant stability. One of these methods can be a low-level laser therapy (LLLT).Objectives. The aim of our study was to evaluate the stabilization (primary and secondary) and bone density in peri-implant zone after LLLT protocol using a 635 nm diode laser.Material and Methods. The research included 40 implants placed in the posterior region of a mandible in 24 patients (8 women and 16 man; age: 46.7 ± 8.7 years). The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups G1 (n=12, 18 implants) and G2 (n=12, 22 implants) according to the treatment procedure; G1 (test): 635 nm laser, with handpiece diameter: 8mm, output power: 100mW, spot area: 0.5024cm2, average power density: 199.04mW/cm2, continuous mode, dose: 4J per point (8J/cm2), time: 40 sec per point, 2 points (irradiation on a buccal and a lingual side of the alveolus/implant), and total energy per session 8J; G2 (control): no laser irradiation. The G1 (test) group’s implants were irradiated according to the following protocol: 1 day before surgery, immediately after the surgery and 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after. The total energy after all therapeutic sessions was 48J. The implants stability was measured employing a Periotest device (Periotest Test Value: PTV) (measured immediately after the surgery, 7 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 and 3 months after the surgery) and the bone density using cone-beam computed tomography (grayscale value) (measured immediately after the surgery, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the treatment).Results. The average implant stability at different time points showed lower PTV value (higher stability) at2ndand4thweek after 635 nm laser irradiation (G1) compared with a control (G2) group (p<0.01). The secondary stability of the implants after 12 weeks observation was not significantly higher for the laser group in contrast to none-irradiated implants (p>0.05). The mean grayscale value at the apical, middle, and cervical level of the titanium implants showed the reduction of pixel grayscale value after 2 weeks and was lower for the G1 group in contrast to the G2 group (p<0.01). The value of grayscale after 12 weeks was significantly higher at the middle and apical level of the implants in the G1group in contrast to the G2 group (p<0.01).Conclusion. The application of the 635 nm diode laser enhanced secondary implant stability and bone density. However, to assess the impact of the LLLT on peri-implant bone with different bone densities, further well-controlled long-term trials on larger study groups are needed.

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Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Ola Hashem ◽

Viola Zaki ◽

Rawia Adawy

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Fungal Species ◽

High Rate ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

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Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5324

Author(s):

Maria Menini ◽

Francesca Delucchi ◽

Domenico Baldi ◽

Francesco Pera ◽

Francesco Bagnasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Dental Implants ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

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Improved strategies to efficiently isolate thermophilic, thermotolerant, and heat-resistant fungi from compost and soil

Mycological Progress ◽

10.1007/s11557-021-01674-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 325-339

Author(s):

Frederick Witfeld ◽

Dominik Begerow ◽

Marco Alexandre Guerreiro

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Dna Barcodes ◽

Heat Shock Treatment ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Heat Resistant ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Promising Source ◽

Culture Dependent ◽

Selection Of

AbstractThermophilic, thermotolerant and heat-resistant fungi developed different physiological traits, enabling them to sustain or even flourish under elevated temperatures, which are life-hostile for most other eukaryotes. With the growing demand of heat-stable molecules in biotechnology and industry, the awareness of heat-adapted fungi as a promising source of respective enzymes and biomolecules is still increasing. The aim of this study was to test two different strategies for the efficient isolation and identification of distinctly heat-adapted fungi from easily accessible substrates and locations. Eight compost piles and ten soil sites were sampled in combination with different culture-dependent approaches to describe suitable strategies for the isolation and selection of thermophilous fungi. Additionally, an approach with a heat-shock treatment, but without elevated temperature incubation led to the isolation of heat-resistant mesophilic species. The cultures were identified based on morphology, DNA barcodes, and microsatellite fingerprinting. In total, 191 obtained isolates were assigned to 31 fungal species, from which half are truly thermophilic or thermotolerant, while the other half are heat-resistant fungi. A numerous amount of heat-adapted fungi was isolated from both compost and soil samples, indicating the suitability of the used approaches and that the richness and availability of those organisms in such environments are substantially high.

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Calcium Phosphate-Coated Titanium Implants in the Mandible: Limitations of the in vivo Minipig Model

European Surgical Research ◽

10.1159/000513846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 177-187

Author(s):

Till Kämmerer ◽

Tony Lesmeister ◽

Victor Palarie ◽

Eik Schiegnitz ◽

Andrea Schröter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Surface Modifications ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

In Vivo Model ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Press Fit ◽

Endosseous Implant ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

Introduction: We aimed to compare implant osseointegration with calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces and rough subtractive-treated sandblasted/acid etched surfaces (SA) in an in vivo minipig mandible model. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 cylindrical press-fit implants with two different surfaces (CaP, n = 18; SA, n = 18) were inserted bilaterally into the mandible of 9 adult female minipigs. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, we analyzed the cortical bone-to-implant contact (cBIC; %) and area coverage of bone-to-implant contact within representative bone chambers (aBIC; %). Results: After 2 weeks, CaP implants showed no significant increase in cBIC and aBIC compared to SA (cBIC: mean 38 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 11%; aBIC: mean 21 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 9%). Two CaP implants failed to achieve osseointegration. After 4 weeks, no statistical difference between CaP and SA was seen for cBIC (mean 54 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 16%) and aBIC (mean 43 ± 28 vs. 32 ± 6). However, we excluded two implants in each group due to failure of osseointegration. After 8 weeks, we observed no significant intergroup differences (cBIC: 18 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 20%; aBIC: 13 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 9%). Again, three CaP implants and two SA implants had to be excluded due to failure of osseointegration. Conclusion: Due to multiple implant losses, we cannot recommend the oral mandibular minipig in vivo model for future endosseous implant research. Considering the higher rate of osseointegration failure, CaP coatings may provide an alternative to common subtractive implant surface modifications in the early phase post-insertion.

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Bactericidal Effects of Diode Laser Irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis Using Periapical Lesion Defect Model

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2011/870364 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Masato Nagayoshi ◽

Tatsuji Nishihara ◽

Keisuke Nakashima ◽

Shigetsugu Iwaki ◽

Ker-Kong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Irradiation ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Periapical Lesion ◽

Lesion Area ◽

Defect Model ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Bactericidal Effects

Objective. Photodynamic therapy has been expanded for use in endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of diode laser irradiation on endodontic pathogens in periapical lesions using an in vitro apical lesion model. Study Design. Enterococcus faecalis in 0.5% semisolid agar with a photosensitizer was injected into apical lesion area of in vitro apical lesion model. The direct effects of irradiation with a diode laser as well as heat produced by irradiation on the viability of microorganisms in the lesions were analyzed. Results. The viability of E. faecalis was significantly reduced by the combination of a photosensitizer and laser irradiation. The temperature caused by irradiation rose, however, there were no cytotoxic effects of heat on the viability of E. faecalis. Conclusion. Our results suggest that utilization of a diode laser in combination with a photosensitizer may be useful for clinical treatment of periapical lesions.

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Viability of human septal cartilage after 1.45 µm diode laser irradiation

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine ◽

10.1002/lsm.20663 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 562-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ick-Soo Choi ◽

Yong-Seok Chae ◽

Allison Zemek ◽

Dmitry E. Protsenko ◽

Brian Wong

Keyword(s):

Laser Irradiation ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Septal Cartilage

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Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulated by Surface Manganese Chemistry in SLA Titanium Implants

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2022/5339090 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jin-Woo Park ◽

Yusuke Tsutsumi ◽

Eui-Kyun Park

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Chemical Treatment ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Wet Chemical

The manganese (Mn) ion has recently been probed as a potential candidate element for the surface chemistry modification of titanium (Ti) implants in order to develop a more osteogenic surface with the expectation of taking advantage of its strong binding affinity to the integrins on bone-forming cells. However, the exact mechanism of how Mn enhances osteogenesis when introduced into the surface of Ti implants is not clearly understood. This study investigated the corrosion resistance and potential osteogenic capacity of a Mn-incorporated Ti surface as determined by electrochemical measurement and examining the behaviors of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a clinically available sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) oral implant surface intended for future biomedical applications. The surface that resulted from wet chemical treatment exhibited the formation of a Mn-containing nanostructured TiO2 anatase thin film in the SLA implant and improved corrosion resistance. The Mn-incorporated SLA surface displayed sustained Mn ion release and enhanced osteogenesis-related MSC function, which enhanced early cellular events such as spreading, focal adhesion, and mRNA expression of critical adhesion-related genes and promoted full human MSC differentiation into mature osteoblasts. Our findings indicate that surface Mn modification by wet chemical treatment is an effective approach to produce a Ti implant surface with increased osteogenic capacity through the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The improved corrosion resistance of the resultant surface is yet another important benefit of being able to provide favorable osseointegration interface stability with an increased barrier effect.

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Isolation and identification of phylloplane and endophytic fungi from Sapindus mukorossi

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v26i2pp218-220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

B.D. Varpe

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

Candida Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

The Rich ◽

High Level

Phylloplane biodiversity and endophytic fungi is considered one of the rich origins of novel biological activity compounds and high-level structural variation on the leaf surface. Plant leaves surface is a diverse terrestrial ecosystem, including filamentous fungi. This study aims to study the isolation and enumeration of Sapindus mukorossi phylloplane and endophytic fungal diversity. The Sapindus mukorossi isolated 14 fungal species from 9 genera of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium expansum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternate, Collectotrichum orbiculare, Torulla herbarium, Epicoccum nigrum and Candida sp. as a phylloplane fungi. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Epicoccum nigrum. Penicillum digitatum, Penicillum sp. were identified as endophytic fungi.

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