Rising Mortality Rate of Cervical Cancer in Younger Women in Urban China

Background: Cervical cancer in young women is rare and disparity exists in its characteristics in the available reports. The study aimed to determine the disease burden and to compare its clinicopathological characteristics with older women. Materials and methods: Retrospective study was performed by retrieving data from the cancer registry for consecutive 843 cervical cancer patients treated in the center between 2017 and 2020. Patients were divided into younger (<40 years) and older (≥ 40 years) age. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23 for windows. Chi square test was used for analyzing the categorical variables and P < 0.05 was considered signicant. Results: Cervical cancer in young women constituted 9.4%, with majority (96.2%) belonged to 30-39 years age. Higher prevalence of human immunodeciency virus (HIV) was found among younger compared to older women (P = 0.000). Younger women commonly presented late compared to older women (patients presented after 4 months are 49.4% vs. 18.8% respectively, P=0.000). Squamous cell carcinoma was commonest histology in both the groups and no difference in histology pattern between the two groups. Younger women had higher rate of bulky tumor (>4cm) compared to older (62.2% vs. 44.4%, P = 0.023). Conclusion: Delayed and advanced stage of presentation of cervical cancer in younger women in this region of India warrants promotion of health education, knowledge translation, regular cervical cancer screening for its prevention and early detection

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The Burden of Cervical Cancer in Korea: A Population-Based Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jinhee Kim ◽

Donghwan Lee ◽

Kyung-Bok Son ◽

SeungJin Bae

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Younger Women ◽

Influential Variable ◽

The Cost

This study used the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database from 2011 to 2017 to estimate the incidence and the incidence-based cost of cervical cancer and carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri (CIS) in Korea. The primary outcome was the direct medical cost per patient not diagnosed with cervical cancer (C53) or CIS (D06) 2 years prior to the index date in the first year after diagnosis. A regression analysis was conducted to adjust for relevant covariates. The incidence of cervical cancer tended to decrease from 2013 to 2016, while that of CIS increased. In particular, the incidence rate of CIS in women in their 20 s and 30 s increased by 56.8% and 28.4%, respectively, from 2013 to 2016. The incidence-based cost of cervical cancer and CIS was USD 13,058 and USD 2695 in 2016, respectively, which increased from 2013. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that age was the most influential variable of the cost in both patient groups, and the cost was highest in those aged over 60, i.e., the medical cost was significantly lower in younger women than their older counterparts. These findings suggest that targeting younger women in cervical cancer prevention is a reasonable option from both economic and public health perspectives.

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Colposcopy rates decrease among younger women without increasing overall rates of cervical cancer after implementation of 2012/2013 management guidelines

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 191-192

Author(s):

B.L. Manning-Geist ◽

M.R. Davis ◽

S. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Management Guidelines ◽

Younger Women

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Women and Self-employment in Post-socialist Rural China: Side Job, Individual Career or Family Venture

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s030574101500003x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 229-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jing Song

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Rural China ◽

Urban China ◽

Younger Women ◽

Self Employment ◽

Good Mother ◽

Wage Employment ◽

Rural Industries ◽

Capital Intensive ◽

Depth Interviews

AbstractThe rise of private sector business in urban China has led to more women engaging in low-end self-employment. This study, however, reveals a more complicated story in the countryside. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted in a Chinese village, this study finds that the women took the lead in developing sideline self-employment and were then attracted to rural wage employment in the 1980s. With the privatization of rural industries and the rise of capital-intensive self-employment in the 1990s, some women were forced into low-end self-employment, but others were attracted to high-end self-employment, forging individual careers and family ventures. In more recent times, younger women have been more inclined to work on-and-off, balancing self-employment pursuits with the desire to be a good mother. This pattern marks a shift from the continuous multitasking practised by the older generation.

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The Increasing Problem in Tayside of Cervical Cancer in Younger Women

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/003693308903400108 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 403-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Dodgson ◽

E.M. Walker ◽

K.A. Hussein ◽

A.J. Robertson ◽

I.D. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Cervical Carcinoma ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

False Negative ◽

Younger Patients ◽

Younger Women ◽

Careful Inspection ◽

Number Of Patients

The incidence of cervical carcinoma in younger women is increasing in Tayside despite a decrease in the overall incidence. However, stage for stage, we did not encounter a poorer survival in younger patients. A number of patients had been sterilised or had a pregnancy when cytological screening was available and not made use of. There were also some false negative smears which were reclassified for retrospective analysis. We would recommend cervical screening every three years and careful inspection of the cervix and a smear taken in cases of abnormal gynaecological symptoms such as post coital bleeding.

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The potential impact of the Deep South Network for Cancer Control on cervical cancer mortality among black females in historically underserved areas of Alabama.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6559 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6559-6559

Author(s):

Karan P. Singh ◽

Bradford E Jackson ◽

Rohit P Ojha ◽

Chenguang Wang ◽

Minyong Uhm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Deep South ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Black Females ◽

Cervical Cancer Mortality

6559 Background: Racial disparities in cervical cancer mortality are well-documented. The Deep South Network for Cancer Control (DSNCC) was implemented in 2000 to address this disparity by targeting blacks for cervical cancer screening in historically underserved areas of Alabama and Mississippi. We aimed to assess whether the implementation of the DSNCC has improved cervical cancer mortality among black females in Alabama. Methods: We used data from the University of Alabama-Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center Tumor Registry, which comprises all cancer cases treated in the UAB Health system. We selected all black females diagnosed with cervical cancer in the pre-DSNCC (January 1995-December 1999) and post-DSNCC (January 2001-December 2005) periods. Person time was calculated for up to five years post diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence limits (CLs) using Cox proportional hazards models. The cervical cancer mortality rate of black females who resided in DSNCC-targeted Alabama counties was compared to non-DSNCC-targeted Alabama counties before and after implementation of the DSNCC. Results: The study population comprised 129 black females diagnosed with cervical cancer pre-DSNCC and 175 diagnosed post-DSNCC. During the pre-intervention period, black females in DSNCC-targeted counties had a two-fold higher cervical cancer mortality rate than black females in non-DSNCC-targeted counties (HR=2.0; 95%CL: 1.10, 3.72). During the post-intervention period, black females in DSNCC-targeted counties had nearly a two-fold lower cervical cancer mortality rate than black females in non-DSNCC-targeted counties (HR=0.54; 95%CL: 0.35, 0.87). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the DSNCC interventions are improving cervical cancer outcomes among black females in historically underserved areas of Alabama. The current analysis was only able to examine the initial 5 years after implementation of the DSNCC; continued assessment of outcomes would be useful for assessing the long-term impact of the DSNCC.

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Inequities in Pap smear screening for cervical cancer between Brazilian urban and rural populations.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e12510 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e12510-e12510

Author(s):

Jeovany Martínez-Mesa ◽

Gustavo Werutsky ◽

Carlos Alberto Sampaio-Filho ◽

Aknar Calabrich ◽

Carlos H. Barrios

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Pap Smear Screening ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Never Screened

e12510 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) represents an important public health problem in Brazil being the second most common cancer in women. The expected incidence rate in 2012 was 17.5 per 100,000 women while the age-standardized mortality rate in 2010 was 4.04 per 100,000 women. Inequities in access to health preventive programs contribute to this figure. The goal of this analysis is to identify inequities in Pap smear screening in women from urban and rural populations from Brazil. Methods: Using the Health Supplement of the National Household Sample Survey 2008 (PNAD) with 102,108 Brazilian women aged 25-64 years Pap smear screening was analyzed dichotomously as women having ever or never been screened. Residence area was categorized as urban or rural. Age-adjusted prevalence of never-screened was analyzed using chi-squared test. Poisson regression modeling, crude and full adjusted for age, income, number of children, education, skin color, having visited a physician in the previous 12 months and healthcare insurance were performed for Brazil in general and for Brazilian major regions. Results: The prevalence of never-screened women for CC was 12.9% in Brazil, 11.5% in urban and 22.2% in rural areas. The poorest Brazilian major-regions showed the highest prevalence of never-screened women: North (17.4% in general, 14.7% in urban and 27.3% in rural areas) and Northeast (14.7% in general, 12.8% in urban and 23.7% in rural areas). After full-adjustment, the rural population showed a higher relative risk for never-screened as compared to those living in urban areas [PR=1.23 (95%CI 1.14; 1.31); p<0,001]. The highest risk was also found in the North [PR=1.39 (1.13; 1.31); p=0.002]. However, South and Central-west regions showed no association between never-screened and area [PR=1.06 (0.88; 1.28); p=0.541; PR=1.18 (0.87; 1.58); p=0.270, respectively]. Conclusions: Our findings point out inequities in Pap smear screening between Brazilian urban and rural population. These inequities possibly contribute to the high incidence and mortality rate of CC in Brazil.

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