scholarly journals Expression of a rice soluble starch synthase gene in transgenic wheat improves the grain yield under heat stress conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Tian ◽  
Shyamal K. Talukder ◽  
Jianming Fu ◽  
Allan K. Fritz ◽  
Harold N. Trick
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Stress Conditions

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Stress on Growth, Physiology of Plants, Yield and Grain Quality of Different Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waheed Riaz ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Yousaf ◽  
Abdul Sami ◽  
Xu Dong Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Parental Lines

Heat stress is one of the major threats to wheat production in many wheat-growing areas of the world as it causes severe yield loss at the reproductive stage. In the current study, 28 crosses were developed using 11 parental lines, including 7 female lines and 4 male testers following line × tester matting design in 2018–2019. Twenty-eight crosses along with their 11 parental lines were sown in a randomized complete block design in triplicate under optimal and heat stress conditions. Fifteen different morpho-physiological and grain quality parameters were recorded at different growth stages. Analysis of variance illustrated the presence of highly significant differences among wheat genotypes for all traits under both optimal and heat stress conditions. The results of combining ability unveiled the predominant role of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of almost all the studied traits under both conditions. Among parents, 3 parental lines WL-27, WT-39, and WL-57 showed good combining ability under both normal and heat stress conditions. Among crosses, WL-8 × WT-17, WL-37 × WT-17, WL-7 × WT-39, and WL-37 × WT-39 portrayed the highest specific combining ability effects for grain yield and its related traits under optimal as well as heat stress conditions. Biplot and cluster analysis confirmed the results of general and specific combining ability by showing that these wheat crosses belonged to a highly productive and heat tolerant cluster. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation of grain yield with net photosynthetic rate, thousand-grain rate, and the number of grains per spike. The designated parental lines and their crosses were selected for future breeding programs in the development of heat resilient, climate-smart wheat genotypes.

scholarly journals Association of leaf chlorophyll content with the stay-green trait and grain yield in wheat grown under heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Tirthartha Chattopadhyay ◽  
Rakesh Deo Ranjan ◽  
Wahid Ul Hasan ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Heat stress is a major production constraint of wheat in South Asia, particularly in the Gangetic plains of India and Bangladesh. The leaf chlorophyll status is a key determinant for a high rate of photosynthesis under stress. The present experiments included 238 genotypes in 2016–2017 and 321 genotypes in 2017–2018 under optimum and under heat stress conditions. Subsequently, a set of 100 genotypes selected on basis of the heat susceptibility index was evaluated in 2018–2019 under heat stress conditions to study the relationship between important physiological traits and yield under stress. A significant correlation of soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value of the two upper leaves with stay-green trait and grain yield indicates the importance of chlorophyll content, both in flag and penultimate leaf, in maintaining leaf areas under greenness (LAUG) and grain yield under heat stress. The SPAD in the flag and penultimate leaf was responsible for 8.8% and 10.9%, respectively, of the variation in grain yield. For the stay-green trait, 8.4% and 7.2 % of the variation was governed by the SPAD value in the flag and penultimate leaf, respectively. These results suggest that, in addition to the flag leaf, the chlorophyll status of the penultimate leaf can be an important criterion for the selection of superior wheat genotypes under heat stress. The genotypes SW-139; SW 108; DWR-F8-35-9-1; NHP-F8-130; DWR-F8-3-1 that maintained a high chlorophyll content in the flag and penultimate leaf can be used further in breeding programmes addressing heat resistance in wheat.

scholarly journals Dual-purpose ability of barley and wheat at drought and heat stress conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Seval Eliş ◽  
Mehmet Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Dual-purpose barley and wheat production is a valuable resource to fill feed gaps and grain production, but availability at drought and heat stress conditions is still not clearly studied.  Two experiments were conducted at semi-controlled green house to determine biomass production at vegetative stages, chlorophyll content and grain yield. Experiment 1 consists of four clipping treatments on wheat, i.e. one, two, three times clipping and un-clipping control. Experiment 2 combined two clipping treatments (one clipping and un-clipping) and two levels of water (low: 40 % of field capacity; normal: 85 % of field capacity) on barley. Wheat grain yield was severely affected by increasing clipping number under heat stress. Total biomass at one clipping was the same level as control treatment. Although physiological maturity was delayed 8 days from control to 3 times clipping application, biomass and yield remained below the control application due to shrinkage in plant height and other organs size. Clipping and water levels at barley significantly impacted biomass and plant height, but all traits were not related by interactions clipping x water level. The clipping application in heat stress reduced total biomass by 21.3 and 30.4 % in well-watered and dry conditions, respectively.  Contrary to what is expected, it seems clear to obtain satisfactory forage and grain yield by optimizing the management technique, growing in dual-purpose production in wheat and barley in warm environments.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Gene Action Controlling Grain Yield and Its Related Traits in Bread Wheat under Heat Stress and Normal Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Kamara ◽  
Khaled M. Ibrahim ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Ahmed M. S. Kheir ◽  
Mousa O. Germoush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature is a major environmental stress that devastatingly affects wheat production. Thenceforth, developing heat-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes has become more critical to sustaining wheat production particularly under abrupt climate change and fast-growing global population. The present study aimed to evaluate parental genotypes and their cross combinations under normal and heat stress conditions, exploring their diversity based on dehydration-responsive element-binding 2 gene (DREB, stress tolerance gene in response to abiotic stress) in parental genotypes, and determining gene action controlling yield traits through half-diallel analysis. Six diverse bread wheat genotypes (local and exotic) and their 15 F1 hybrids were evaluated at two different locations under timely and late sowing dates. Sowing date, location, genotype, and their interactions significantly impacted the studied traits; days to heading, chlorophyll content, plant height, grain yield, and its attributes. Cluster analysis classified the parents and their crosses into four groups varying from heat-tolerant to heat-sensitive based on heat tolerance indices. The parental genotypes P2 and P4 were identified as an excellent source of beneficial alleles for earliness and high yielding under heat stress. This was corroborated by DNA sequence analysis of DREB transcription factors. They were the highest homologies for dehydrin gene sequence with heat-tolerant wheat species. The hybrid combinations of P1 × P5, P1 × P6, P2 × P4, and P3 × P5 were detected to be good specific combiners for grain yield and its attributes under heat stress conditions. These designated genotypes could be used in wheat breeding for developing heat-tolerant and climate-resilient cultivars. The non-additive genetic variances were preponderant over additive genetic variances for grain yield and most traits under both sowing dates. The narrow-sense heritability ranged from low to moderate for most traits. Strong positive associations were detected between grain yield and each of chlorophyll content, plant height, number of grains/spike, and thousand-grain weights, which suggest their importance for indirect selection under heat stress, especially in early generations, due to the effortlessness of their measurement.

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