scholarly journals Effects of Heat Stress on Growth, Physiology of Plants, Yield and Grain Quality of Different Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waheed Riaz ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Yousaf ◽  
Abdul Sami ◽  
Xu Dong Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Parental Lines

Heat stress is one of the major threats to wheat production in many wheat-growing areas of the world as it causes severe yield loss at the reproductive stage. In the current study, 28 crosses were developed using 11 parental lines, including 7 female lines and 4 male testers following line × tester matting design in 2018–2019. Twenty-eight crosses along with their 11 parental lines were sown in a randomized complete block design in triplicate under optimal and heat stress conditions. Fifteen different morpho-physiological and grain quality parameters were recorded at different growth stages. Analysis of variance illustrated the presence of highly significant differences among wheat genotypes for all traits under both optimal and heat stress conditions. The results of combining ability unveiled the predominant role of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of almost all the studied traits under both conditions. Among parents, 3 parental lines WL-27, WT-39, and WL-57 showed good combining ability under both normal and heat stress conditions. Among crosses, WL-8 × WT-17, WL-37 × WT-17, WL-7 × WT-39, and WL-37 × WT-39 portrayed the highest specific combining ability effects for grain yield and its related traits under optimal as well as heat stress conditions. Biplot and cluster analysis confirmed the results of general and specific combining ability by showing that these wheat crosses belonged to a highly productive and heat tolerant cluster. Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation of grain yield with net photosynthetic rate, thousand-grain rate, and the number of grains per spike. The designated parental lines and their crosses were selected for future breeding programs in the development of heat resilient, climate-smart wheat genotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of Microelements and Selenium on Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Malondialdehyde Activity and Grain Yield Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourali SAJEDI ◽  
Hamid MADANI ◽  
Ahmad NADERI
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Main Plot

This study was carried out to investigate effects of microelements under water deficit stress at different growth stages on antioxidant enzyme alteration, chemical biomarker and grain yield of maize in the years 2007 and 2008. The experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were three factors, water deficit stress at different stages of growth as main plot and combinations of selenium (with and without using) and microelements (with and without using) as sub plots. The result indicated that the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde content under water deficit stress increased, but grain yield was reduced. The highest grain yield was obtained from optimum irrigation, while in the case of with water deficit stress at V8 stage it was non significant. Selenium spray increased activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde content of leaves in V8, R2 and R4 stages and also grain yield. Application of microelements increased the leaves superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. Selenium and microelements spray under water deficit stress conditions during vegetative growth and dough stage increased grain yield in comparison to not spraying elements under water stress conditions. The present results also showed that by using selenium and microelements under water stress can obtain acceptable yield compared to not using these elements.

scholarly journals Combining ability studies for yield, associated traits and quality attributes in rice for South Gujarat (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Navin Chander Gahtyari ◽  
P. I. Patel ◽  
Rakesh Choudhary ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Length

Line x tester analysis using a set of four females, ten males and their forty hybrids was carried out to esti-mate the general combining ability of parents and specific combining ability of hybrids for yield and ten other associ-ated components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a Randomized Block Design during Kharif 2011. GCA variances for females (s2f) were significant at 0.1% level of significance for plant height (40.8), no. of grains per panicle (505.9), grain yield per plant (29.1), test weight(17.9), straw yield per plant (61.3) and kernel L/B ratio (0.2) whereas specific combining ability (SCA) variances for f x m interactions were highly significant for all the characters. Non-additive gene action was prevalent in all characters (Range: 0.03 in amylose content to 0.88 in kernel length breadth ratio) except plant height (1.33) as evident by low GCA to SCA ratio. None of the parents were good general combiner for all traits, however, female IR-28 and male AMT-119 and PNR-546 were good general combiners for a maximum number of traits i.e. five traits out of eleven.. The general combining ability for grain yield per plant for female parent Gurjari (6.19) and NVSR-178 (5.29); and male parents AMT 119 (2.73) and PNR 546 (2.44) makes them a good choice for improving yields in a hybridization programme as these female and male parents are also having signifi-cant GCA effects for maximum number of yield associated traits i.e. four and five traits out of eleven for female and male parents respectively. A vis-à-vis comparison of top three specific combining ability crosses with their mean performance showed correlation and these crosses were having at least one good general combining ability parent.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Sources of Zinc and Iron on Grain Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Quality Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
E. Ajay Kumar ◽  
K. Surekha ◽  
K. Bhanu Rekha ◽  
S. Harish Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on grain yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality parameters of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the grain yield, nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and grain quality parameters (protein and calcium content) of finger millet. Highest grain yield (3653 kg ha-1), protein (11.25%) and calcium content (2.33%) in grain were obtained in the treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS (3612 kg ha-1, 10.90% and 2.0%) and the lowest grain yield (1995 kg ha-1), (6.25%) and calcium content (1.10%) were recorded with application of RDF alone. The nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Fe) at all the crop growth stages was significantly higher with the treatment receiving RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS. Highest iron uptake was recorded in treatment receiving RDF+foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with T8, T14 treatments.The highest nutrient uptake of Zinc was obtained in treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate soil  application. Contrary to the grain yield, nutrient uptake, protein and calcium content there were no significant differences between treatments with respect to Zn, Fe and carbohydrate content in grain.

scholarly journals Performance of Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) developed for rain-fed areas of Sudan

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
El Hassan ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Ibrahim Elzein ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Tareg Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Wide Range

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Sudan. However, productivity is low since the crop is produced in favorable and unfavorable environments where the crop suffers from drought stresses at different growth stages. In the present study, six sorghum inbred lines developed by local breeding program and two commercial checks were evaluated for grain yield potential, yield stability, some important agronomic characters and grain quality properties. Series variety trials were conducted at Elobeid and Suki, Damazin areas of Sudan, during three consecutive rainy seasons. The selected locations represent low, medium and high rainfall areas of Sudan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that mean squares of genotypes, seasons, locations, location x season, location x genotypes, season x genotypes and season x location x genotype interactions were highly significant (P=0.01) for grain yield. The sorghum genotypes Edo 34-23-4, Edo 26-18 and Edo 16-dwarf produced substantially higher grain yields than commercial checks and the trial mean. Their percentage yield increase ranged from 5% to 75% over commercial checks. The stability analysis revealed that the above mentioned Edo-genotypes had high yield potentials and were stable across a wide range of agricultural conditions. Moreover, the same Edo-lines showed early maturing compared to selected commercial checks and also the Edo-lines possessed good food grains and were market preferred and acceptable for making quality kisra (fermented sorghum pancake-like flatbread). The Edo developed lines also possess the acceptable grain quality in addition to moderate physical grain characteristics such as protein content, fat acidity and moisture content.

scholarly journals Analysis of combining ability and gene action studies for grain yield and its component traits in bread wheat utilizing line x tester mating design

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Amitava Roy ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Vaishali Rawat ◽  
Anu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Parental Lines

The present research investigation was conducted in order to analyze combining ability and nature of gene actions in 33 F1s of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) developed by crossing eleven lines with three testers in a line x tester mating design in terms of grain yield and associated traits. The hybrids along with the parental lines and two check varieties were planted in a randomized block design in three replications. Variance ratio between general and specific combining ability was found to be less than unity which indicated the prevalence of non-additive gene actions involved in the inheritance of these characters. Parental lines QLD 75 (3.164), followed by SOKOLL (2.888) and QLD 65 (2.819) exhibited significant GCA for grain yield, while another line PRL/2*PASTOR*2//FH6-1-7/3/KINGBIRD#1//… was observed to be the better general combiner for most other traits including maturity. Among the hybrids cross combination NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/MIRLO/BUC/4/2*PASTOR/5/…x HD 3237 showed significant higher positive SCA for grain yield and biological yield per plant, whereas, F1 QLD 75 x HI 1621was a good specific combiner for harvest index (%) and number of grains per spike. The cross combination VORB/4/D67.2/PARANA66.270 x PBW 725 was observed with significant higher positive SCA for days to 75% heading, days to maturity and plant height, and another hybrid VORB/4/D67.2/PARANA 66.270 x HI 1621 exhibited significant positive SCA for 1000 grain weight and spike length.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN THE SELECTED PARENTS AND HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza Sativa.L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yuni Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Selection of parents based on their combining ability is an effective approach in hybrid breeding. Four CMS and four restorer lines were crossed in line x tester mating design to obtain 16 F1 hybrids rice. The 8 parental lines and 16 hybrids rice were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Kuningan and Muara field station of ICRR during 2012-2013. The results revealed that mean squares for GCA were significant for number of fertile spikelet per panicle, a thousand-grains weight, and 50% days of flowering. Mean squares for SCA were significant for plant height and grain yield. Parental lines exhibited the highest GCA effects for GMJ12A (line) and CRS703 (tester) for grain yield trait and revealed good potential to be used as parents for hybrid rice. Among all the crosses, GMJ6A/CRS707 and GMJ12A/CRS707 showed the greatest positive SCA effects for grain yield and had heterosis over better parent and midparent.</p>

scholarly journals Investigation of combining ability and superiority percentages for yield and some related traits in yellow maize using line × tester analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Maamoun A. Abdel-Moneam ◽  
M. S. Sultan ◽  
Waleed A. E. Abido ◽  
Ágnes Hadházy ◽  
S. A. Sadek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Ear Height

Combining ability estimation is an important genetic attribute for maize breeders in anticipating improvement in productivity via hybridization and selection. This research was carried out to investigate the genetic structure of the 27 F1 maize hybrids established from nine lines derived from Maize Research Department and three testers, to determine general combining ability (GCA), determine crosses showing specific combining ability (SCA) and superiority percentages for crosses. Nine lines, three testers, 27 F1 hybrids and two check commercial hybrids (SC162 and SC168) were studied in randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications during 2016. The results of mean squares showed that significant and highly significant for most studied traits (days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear position, ear length, no. of kernels per row, 100-kernel weight and Grain yield). Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA and their ratio revealed predominantly non-additive gene effects for all studied traits. Lines with the best GCA effects were: P2 (line 11) and P6 (line 21) for grain yield, for testers Gm174 and Gm1021 had significant GCA effects for grain yield. The hybrids P5×Gm1021, P6×Gm1021, P7×Gm1021, P8×Gm1002, P9×Gm1002 had significant and negative SCA effects for grain yield. Crosses P1×Gm174, P2×Gm1002, P5×Gm1021, P6×Gm174, P6×Gm1021, P7×Gm1021, P8×Gm1002, P9×Gm1021 were the best combinations manifested and significant superiority percentages over than check varieties (SC162 and SC168) for most studied traits. Therefore, these hybrids may be preferred for hybrid crop development. Abbreviations: GCA general combining ability; SCA specific combining ability

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress for Agro-Economic Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Wajid Ali Jatoi ◽  
Abdul Basit Abbasi ◽  
Shahnaz Memon ◽  
Raza Ali Rind ◽  
Zulifquar Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Sowing Dates

In the scenario of increasing global warming, heat stress received more importance. Un- fortunately, Pakistan is also in the line of most heat affected countries of the world. In this regard, wheat being a most important staple edible crop of Pakistan is highly affected by heat stress. For combating this situation, a study was carried-out on ten bread wheat genotypes viz. Moomal, Mehran, Imdad-05, Anmol- 91, Benazir, TJ-83, SKD-1, TD-1, Abadgar and Hamal at the Experimental Field, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. The experiment was laid-out in a randomized complete block design (factorial arrangement) with three replications during Rabi season, 2016-17 in order to assess the response of wheat genotypes to terminal heat stress tolerance. Wheat genotypes were evaluated in two sowing dates viz., on 24th November as a normal planting and late planting on 31th December, 2016 considered as heat stress condition. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes under both sowing dates indicating suitability of the experiment to improve bread wheat genotypes for heat tolerance. Reductions in various traits were observed in late planting which indicated visible effects of heat stress on agro-economic traits. On an average plant height (cm), tillers/plant, spike length (cm), spikelets/spike, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight (g) and grain yield/plant (g) were declined by -4.63, -2.49, -3.04, -4.35, -16.29, -14.08 and -9.09 units respectively under the heat stress conditions, while the wheat genotypes like TJ-83, SKD-1 and Mehran showed minimum reductions under heat stress conditions for various traits suggesting their heat tolerance, nonetheless cultivars Moomal and Benazir expressed maximum declines under heat stress expressing their susceptibility to heat stress conditions. The remaining genotypes were found as moderately heat stress tolerant.  

scholarly journals Combining Ability in Pearl Millet for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
A. A. Madane A. L. Suradkar ◽  
S. B. Pawar A. B. Bagade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experimental material comprised of thirty two crosses along with twelve parents (four lines and eight testers) and standard checks AHB 1200 Fe and AHB 1269. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The observations were recorded on ten characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers, earhead length, earhead head girth, downey mildew, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and fodder yield. The estimates of GCA effects revealed that most of the hybrids exhibiting higher grain yield than the standard hybrid check AHB 1200 Fe and AHB 1269 were based on two females viz., ICMA 91444 and ICMA 00888, and involved based on males viz., AUBI 15308 and AUBI 15615. The studies on specific combining ability (SCA) effects, it was observed ICMA 91444 x AUBI 15157 was observed the best specific combination for the trait grain yield.

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