Motion and Detachment Behaviors of Liquid Inclusion at Molten Steel–Slag Interfaces

AbstractPrecise control of inclusion and molten steel compositions during ladle-furnace refining is important to obtain high-quality steel. Mass-transfer behavior affects these compositions. A model was developed to investigate the mass transfer occurring between molten steel, slag, inclusions, and the refractory during ladle-furnace refining, using two-film theory to describe the reactions. A coupled-reaction model based on the CaO–Al2O3–MgO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag and Mn–Si–Al–Ca–Mg–P–S–O steel systems was applied to describe the reactions between molten steel and slag; the reactions between the refractory lining and slag or steel were described using average industrial erosion rate data. The model was used to calculate changes in the compositions of molten steel and slag, oxygen activity at the slag–molten steel interface, and composition of the inclusions. The calculated results agreed with operational results for a 100 t ladle furnace at the Tangsteel plant in China.

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Study on Amplitude of the Surface of Liquid Steel in Bottom-Blowing Ladle with Immersed Tube

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1511 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 734-737 ◽

pp. 1511-1515

Author(s):

De Hui Zhang ◽

Ming Gang Shen ◽

Qing Hua Qi ◽

Jin Wei Kuang

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Molten Steel ◽

Liquid Steel ◽

Similarity Theory ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Water Model ◽

Argon Flow Rate ◽

Steel Making ◽

Argon Flow ◽

Bottom Blowing

In the process of bottom argon blowing large argon flow rate can cause vigorous fluctuations on the surface of the molten steel and splash and reoxidize the molten steel, making the slag rolled into the steel slag, also causing the erosion of the ladle lining refractories. A 1:7 ratio ladle water model system of 150 ton ladle was established from the similarity theory in the lab. Study and analyze the effects of the inserting depth and diameter of immersed tube and bottom blowing flow rate on the fluctuation of the surface of liquid steel. Results show that the fluctuations on the surface of steel can be limited effectively by changing the diameter and inserted depth of immersed tube when selecting a larger flow rate of bottom blowing, which improve the mixing effect of liquid steel.

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Preparation of glass–ceramics from molten steel slag using liquid–liquid mixing method

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 689-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Kai Zhang ◽

Jianwen Liu ◽

Wanchao Liu ◽

Jiakuan Yang

Keyword(s):

Molten Steel ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Liquid Mixing ◽

Mixing Method

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A Mathematical Model to Study Liquid Inclusion Behavior at the Steel-Slag Interface

ISIJ International ◽

10.2355/isijinternational.45.1838 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1838-1847 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. STRANDH ◽

K. NAKAJIMA ◽

R. ERIKSSON ◽

P. JÖNSSON

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Liquid Inclusion

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Interaction between Molten Steel, Alumina Lining Refractory and Slag Phase

Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production ◽

10.1515/jmsp-2012-0036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1-2) ◽

pp. 133-143

Author(s):

Jiling Wang ◽

Lifeng Zhang ◽

Shufeng Yang ◽

Yongfeng Chen ◽

Jingyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Molten Steel ◽

Reaction Layer ◽

Erosion Rate ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Slag Phase ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Slag Layer ◽

Layer Steel ◽

Over Time

AbstractLaboratory experiments exploring the interaction between molten steel, slag and lining refractory were performed. The transient erosion and reaction over time were investigated, and the transient change of the reaction layer and inclusions generated in the molten steel were evaluated using optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. Without slag addition before remelting, the FeO from reoxidation entered the space between the lining refractory and the steel and strengthened the erosion of the lining refractory. Several layers were found from the steel to the original lining refractory layer: steel phase, FeO layer, a FeO-rich lining layer and an Original Lining (OL)-rich lining layer. The thickness of the reaction layer increased nearly linearly with the reaction time at an erosion rate of 4.2 µm/min. With slag addition before remelting, the reaction layer between the steel and the original lining materials included several sub-layers: a gap, a slag layer, an FeO-rich lining layer and an Original Lining (OL)-rich lining layer. The thickness of the reaction layer nearly linearly increased with the reaction time and with an erosion rate of 5.7 µm/min. Slags were entrained into the steel occasionally.

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Influence of SEN depth and port angle on vertical electromagnetic brake effects in continuous casting mould

COMPEL The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering ◽

10.1108/compel-05-2016-0221 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 445-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhuang Li ◽

Engang Wang ◽

Yu Xu ◽

Lin Xu

Keyword(s):

Continuous Casting ◽

Molten Steel ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Electromagnetic Brake ◽

Content Type ◽

Narrow Side ◽

Continuous Casting Mould ◽

Steel Flow ◽

Port Angle

Purpose To effectively control the molten steel flow and the stability of free surface in continuous casting mould, this paper aims to propose a new type electromagnetic brake technique, namely, vertical electromagnetic brake (V-EMBr). Its brake effect under special processing parameters such as submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth and port angle is evaluated by the numerical simulation methods. Design/methodology/approach A couple three-dimensional mathematical model of fluid flow and static magnetic field was developed to investigate the behaviour of molten steel flow and steel/slag interface in the continuous casting mould, and a volume of fluid model is used to track the interfacial behaviour of molten steel and liquid slag by solving the continuity equation of the phase volume fraction. Findings The simulation results showed that the application of V-EMBr can significantly reduce the flow intensity in upper recirculation zone and decrease the meniscus height and the flow velocity of molten steel in the vicinity of narrow side of mould, which is beneficial to reduce the possibility of mould flux entrapment. Especially, the brake effect of V-EMBr has a little affected by the SEN depth and port angle, which is helpful for V-EMBr to better adapt the actual continuous casting process. Originality/value Compared to the conventional-level EMBr, the new proposed V-EMBr has the advantage to effectively control the molten steel flow and steel/slag interfacial fluctuation in the vicinity of narrow side of mould with a pair of magnetic fields, and its brake effect is less affected by the changes in continuous casting processing parameters.

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Numerical Modeling of Open-Eye Formation and Mixing Time in Argon Stirred Industrial Ladle

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9080829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 829 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eshwar Kumar Ramasetti ◽

Ville-Valtteri Visuri ◽

Petri Sulasalmi ◽

Timo Fabritius ◽

Tommi Saatio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Molten Steel ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Transport Model ◽

Mixing Time ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Slag Layer ◽

Metal Bath ◽

Argon Gas ◽

Eye Size

In secondary metallurgy, argon gas stirring and alloying of elements are very important in determining the quality of steel. Argon gas is injected through the nozzle located at the bottom of the ladle into the molten steel bath; this gas breaks up into gas bubbles, rising upwards and breaking the slag layer at high gas flow rates, creating an open-eye. Alloy elements are added to the molten steel through the open-eye to attain the desired steel composition. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of argon gas flow rate on the open-eye size and mixing time. An Eulerian volume of fluid (VOF) approach was employed to simulate the argon/steel/slag interface in the ladle, while a species transport model was used to calculate the mixing time of the nickel alloy. The simulation results showed that the time-averaged value of the open-eye area changed from 0.66 to 2.36 m2 when the flow rate of argon was varied from 100 to 500 NL/min. The mixing time (95% criterion) of tracer addition into the metal bath decreased from 139 s to 96 s, when the argon flow rate was increased from 100 to 500 NL/min. The model validation was verified by comparing with measured experimental results.

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