The relationship between microvasculature in white matter hyperintensities and cognitive function

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Sun ◽  
Xinfeng Yu ◽  
Yerfan Jiaerken ◽  
Ruirui Song ◽  
Peiyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
The Relationship

Relation of a Socioeconomic Index with Cognitive Function and Neuroimaging in Hypertensive Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Regina Silva Paradela ◽  
Naomi Vidal Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Penteado Nucci ◽  
Brenno Cabella ◽  
Luiza Menoni Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Index ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Socioeconomic factors are important contributors to brain health. However, data from developing countries (where social inequalities are the most prominent) are still scarce, particularly about hypertensive individuals. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic index, cognitive function, and cortical brain volume, as well as determine whether white matter hyperintensities are mediators of the association of the socioeconomic index with cognitive function in hypertensive individuals. Methods: We assessed 92 hypertensive participants (mean age = 58±8.6 years, 65.2%female). Cognitive evaluation and neuroimaging were performed and clinical and sociodemographic data were collected using questionnaires. A socioeconomic index was created using education, income, occupation (manual or non-manual work), and race. The associations of the socioeconomic index with cognitive performance and brain volume were investigated using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, time of hypertension since diagnosis, and comorbidities. A causal mediation analysis was also conducted. Results: Better socioeconomic status was associated with better visuospatial ability, executive function, and global cognition. We found associations between a better socioeconomic index and a higher parietal lobe volume. White matter hyperintensities were also not mediators in the relationship between the socioeconomic index and cognitive performance. Conclusion: Socioeconomic disadvantages are associated with worse cognitive performance and brain volume in individuals with hypertension.

White Matter Hyperintensities and Apolipoprotein E Affect the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Objective and Subjective Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Youjin Jung ◽  
Raymond P. Viviano ◽  
Sanneke van Rooden ◽  
Jeroen van der Grond ◽  
Serge A.R.B. Rombouts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
The Relationship

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) show a robust relationship with arterial pressure as well as objective and subjective cognitive functioning. In addition, APOE ɛ4 carriership may influence how arterial pressure affects cognitive functioning. Objective: To determine the role of region-specific WMH burden and APOE ɛ4 carriership on the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cognitive function as well as subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: The sample consisted of 87 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged to older adults aged 50–85. We measured WMH volume for the whole brain, anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), forceps minor, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). We examined whether WMH burden mediated the relationship between MAP and cognition (i.e., TMT-A score for processing speed; Stroop performance for executive function) as well as SCD (i.e., Frequency of Forgetting (FoF)), and whether APOE ɛ4 carriership moderated that mediation. Results: WMH burden within SLF mediated the effect of MAP on Stroop performance. Both whole brain and ATR WMH burden mediated the effect of MAP on FoF score. In the MAP–WMH–Stroop relationship, the mediation effect of SLF WMH and the effect of MAP on SLF WMH were significant only in APOE ɛ4 carriers. In the MAP–WMH–FoF relationship, the effect of MAP on whole brain WMH burden was significant only in ɛ4 carriers. Conclusion: WMH burden and APOE genotype explain the link between blood pressure and cognitive function and may enable a more accurate assessment of the effect of high blood pressure on cognitive decline and risk for dementia.

scholarly journals Regional white matter hyperintensities: aging, Alzheimer's disease risk, and cognitive function

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Birdsill ◽  
Rebecca L. Koscik ◽  
Erin M. Jonaitis ◽  
Sterling C. Johnson ◽  
Ozioma C. Okonkwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Disease Risk

Abstract TP181: Serum Eiocosapentaenoic Acids Is Protective Against White Matter Lesions

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Takano ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Tetsuya Maeda ◽  
Yuichi Satoh ◽  
Yasuko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Pufa ◽  
Periventricular Hyperintensity

[Introduction] White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are considered manifestation of arteriosclerotic small vessel disease and WMH burden increases risk of ischemic stroke and cognitive decline. There are only a few evidences concerning the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and WMH. The present study was designed to elucidate the association between WMH and PUFA profile including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [Methods] The present study was based on 119 patients who were diagnosed as having a probable AD according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Their mean age was 78.3 years old. All subjects underwent neuropsychological evaluation including mini mental state exam (MMSE) and 1.5-Tesla MRI. Fasting blood samples were also collected for the PUFA measurements. We measured the ratio of serum EPA, DHA and AA concentration to the total PUFA concentration. The WMH were evaluated on T2-weight images and classified into periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH). The severity of WMH was graded 5 categories. We investigated the relationship between WMH and PUFA profiles. [Results] The EPA ratio correlated negatively with both PVH (rs=-0.2036, p=0.0264) and DWMH grade (rs=-0.3155, p=0.0005). It remained still significant after adjustment for age, sex, statins use, antithrombotics use, mean blood pressure and presence of hypertension (standardized partial regression coefficient(β)=-0.2516, p=0.0122 for PVH, β=-0.3598, p=0.0001 for DWMH). Neither DHA nor AA ratio correlated with DWMH or PVH grade. The EPA ratio but not DHA or AA ratio correlated positively with total MMSE score (rs=0.2310, p=0.0115). [Conclusions] Our data revealed that the serum EPA was protective against WMH as well as cognitive decline in AD patients. Pathophysiology underlying WMH is complex and the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of WMH encompass incomplete brain ischemia, increased permeability of blood-brain barrier, and inflammation responses. The relationship between serum EPA and WMH can be partly explained by those anti-ischemic and anti-arteriosclerotic effects of EPA.

scholarly journals O3-08-04: A MEDIATION ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES, CSF BIOMARKERS, AND COGNITION IN COGNITIVELY UNIMPAIRED AND IMPAIRED ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P901-P902
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Barbara B. Bendlin ◽  
Sterling C. Johnson ◽  
Sara E. Berman ◽  
Carey E. Gleason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
The Relationship

An Exploratory Study of Pathways from White Matter Hyperintensities to Cognitive Impairment through Depressive Symptoms Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Cross Sectional Study in Patients with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 679-689
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Do Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to model the relationships among white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), depressive symptoms, and cognitive function and to examine the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between WMHs and cognitive impairment.Methods:We performed structural equation modeling using cross-sectional data from 1158 patients from the Clinical Research for Dementia of South Korea (CREDOS) registry who were diagnosed with mild-to-moderate dementia. Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMHs) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) were obtained separately on the protocol of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depression and cognitive function were assessed using the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) and the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB), respectively.Results:The model that best reflected the relationships among the variables was the model in which DWMHs affected cognitive function directly and indirectly through the depressive symptoms; on the other hand, PWMHs only directly affected cognitive function.Conclusions:This study presents the mediation model including the developmental pathway from DWMHs to cognitive impairment through depressive symptoms and suggests that the two types of WMHs may affect cognitive impairment through different pathways.

scholarly journals White Matter Hyperintensities and Medication Adherence

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen C. Insel ◽  
Sheryl L. Reminger ◽  
Chao-Pin Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Prefrontal Function

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with hypertension, age, and cognitive function, but the association between WMH and medication adherence has not been examined. The intent of this investigation was to consider the potential implications of hypertension-related brain morphological changes on medication adherence and thereby improve understanding of the self-management consequences of hypertension. The associations between WMH, blood pressure, age, cognitive function (specifically assessments of prefrontal function), and medication adherence were examined in 16 middle-aged and older adults self-managing at least one prescribed antihypertensive agent. Magnetic resonance imaging using an axial fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence was used to assess the presence of WMH. Cognitive assessments included measures of executive function, working memory, attention, and immediate recall. Adherence was monitored for 8 weeks using electronic medication monitoring. More WMH were associated with poorer adherence (rs = —.25) and with higher systolic blood pressure (rs = .46), although these relationships were not statistically significant. WMH were associated with cognitive assessments in the expected direction including Digit Span Backward (rs = —.53, p < .05). Adherence was associated with immediate memory (rs = .54, p < .05) and inversely associated with failure to maintain set on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; r s = —.61, p < .05). These findings provide preliminary evidence for the association between WMH, assessments of prefrontal function, and medication adherence.

[P3-405]: RELATION BETWEEN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM TATA LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGING

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_23) ◽  
pp. P1119-P1119
Author(s):  
Ranjini Garani Ramesh ◽  
Simran Purokayastha ◽  
Mahendra Javali ◽  
Suvarna Alladi ◽  
Naren Prahalada Rao
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities

scholarly journals Cerebral Microbleeds and White Matter Hyperintensities in Cognitively Healthy Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Evaluating the Effect of Arterial Stiffness

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Märta Gustavsson ◽  
Erik Stomrud ◽  
Kasim Abul-Kasim ◽  
Lennart Minthon ◽  
Peter M. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Background: Arterial stiffness reflects the ageing processes in the vascular system, and studies have shown an association between reduced cognitive function and cerebral small vessel disease. Small vessel disease can be visualized as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunar infarcts but also as cerebral microbleeds on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to investigate if arterial stiffness influences the presence of microbleeds, WMH and cognitive function in a population of cognitively healthy elderly. Methods: The study population is part of the Swedish BioFinder study and consisted of 208 individuals without any symptoms of cognitive impairment, who scored >27 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination. The participants (mean age, 72 years; 59% women) underwent MRI of the brain with visual rating of microbleeds and WMH. Arterial stiffness was measured with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Eight cognitive tests covering different cognitive domains were performed. Results: Microbleeds were detected in 12% and WMH in 31% of the participants. Mean (±standard deviation, SD) cfPWV was 10.0 (±2.0) m/s. There was no association between the presence of microbleeds and arterial stiffness. There was a positive association between arterial stiffness and WMH independent of age or sex (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.40, p < 0.05), but the effect was attenuated when further adjustments for several cardiovascular risk factors were performed (p > 0.05). Cognitive performance was not associated with microbleeds, but individuals with WMH performed slightly worse than those without WMH on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (mean ± SD, 35 ± 7.8 vs. 39 ± 8.1, p < 0.05). Linear regression revealed no direct associations between arterial stiffness and the results of the cognitive tests. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness was not associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds or cognitive function in cognitively healthy elderly. However, arterial stiffness was related to the presence of WMH, but the association was attenuated when multiple adjustments were made. There was a weak negative association between WMH and performance in one specific test of attention. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to further assess the associations.

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