scholarly journals Task-evoked reconfiguration of the fronto-parietal network is associated with cognitive performance in brain tumor patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2351-2366
Author(s):  
Wouter De Baene ◽  
Martijn J. Jansma ◽  
Irena T. Schouwenaars ◽  
Geert-Jan M. Rutten ◽  
Margriet M. Sitskoorn
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Functional Connectivity Strength ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract In healthy participants, the strength of task-evoked network reconfigurations is associated with cognitive performance across several cognitive domains. It is, however, unclear whether the capacity for network reconfiguration also plays a role in cognitive deficits in brain tumor patients. In the current study, we examined whether the level of reconfiguration of the fronto-parietal (‘FPN’) and default mode network (‘DMN’) during task execution is correlated with cognitive performance in patients with different types of brain tumors. For this purpose, we combined data from a resting state and task-fMRI paradigm in patients with a glioma or meningioma. Cognitive performance was measured using the in-scanner working memory task, as well as an out-of-scanner cognitive flexibility task. Task-evoked changes in functional connectivity strength (defined as the mean of the absolute values of all connections) and in functional connectivity patterns within and between the FPN and DMN did not differ significantly across meningioma and fast (HGG) and slowly growing glioma (LGG) patients. Across these brain tumor patients, a significant and positive correlation was found between the level of task-evoked reconfiguration of the FPN and cognitive performance. This suggests that the capacity for FPN reconfiguration also plays a role in cognitive deficits in brain tumor patients, as was previously found for normal cognitive performance in healthy controls.

scholarly journals OMIC-02. COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND ALTERED FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORK ORGANIZATION IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i37-i37
Author(s):  
Benjamin Seitzman ◽  
Hari Anandarajah ◽  
Alana McMichael ◽  
Hongjie Gu ◽  
Dennis Barbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Pediatric brain tumor survivors experience significant cognitive sequelae from their diagnosis and treatment. The exact mechanisms of cognitive injury are poorly understood, and validated predictors of long-term cognitive outcome are lacking. Large-scale, distributed brain systems provide a window into brain organization and function that may yield insight into these mechanisms and outcomes. We evaluated functional network architecture, cognitive performance, and brain-behavior relationships in pediatric brain tumor patients. Patients ages 8–18 years old with diagnosis of a brain tumor underwent awake resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during regularly scheduled clinical visits and were tested with the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Age- and sex-matched typically developing children were used as controls. We observed that functional network organization was significantly altered in patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), with the integrity of the dorsal attention network particularly affected (p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients demonstrated significant impairments in multiple domains of cognitive performance, including attention (p < 0.0001). Finally, a significant amount of variance (R squared = 0.52, F = 3.2, p < 0.05) of age-adjusted total composite scores from the Toolbox was explained by changes in segregation between the dorsal attention and default mode networks. Our results suggest that changes in functional network organization may provide insight into long-term changes in cognitive function in pediatric brain tumor patients.

scholarly journals M67. UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL COGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA THROUGH THE LENS OF SCHIZOTYPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S160-S161
Author(s):  
Sara-Ann Lee ◽  
Keane Lim ◽  
Max Lam ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domain Scores

Abstract Background Social cognitive deficits are common, detectable across a wide range of tasks and appear to play a key role in influencing poor functioning in schizophrenia. Despite its importance as a treatment target, the factors that underlie social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remains elusive. Schizotypy appears to be one such factor that can explain the variability in social cognitive deficits seen in schizophrenia. The study’s primary aim was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of social cognitive functioning and its relationship to schizotypy. Methods 108 patients and 70 healthy controls completed nine tasks across 4 social cognitive domains based on the SCOPE study. In addition, all participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Clinical symptoms were also rated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Results Theory of Mind, social perception, emotion processing and attribution bias were measured in patients with schizophrenia (n = 108) and healthy controls (n = 70). A social cognition composite score was calculated using principal components analysis. Cluster analysis on the derived factor scores revealed 3 clusters. Multiple univariate ANOVAS with Bonferroni correction were used to examine differences between the 3 clusters on each of the 4 social cognition domain scores, which indicated that higher social cognitive performance was related to lower schizotypy. In addition, results indicated that despite differences in the social cognitive performance among patients in the 3 clusters, they did not differ in clinical outcome measures. Discussion The primary aim of the study was to address gaps in the current literature by examining the relationship between social cognition and schizotypy. This study built upon past studies which had the tendency to focus on single, discrete domains by comparing the social cognitive performance of patients and controls using an extensive battery of tests, indexing four social cognitive domains. The significant differences on total SPQ score and the SPQ domain scores between the various clusters, coupled with the significant correlations between schizotypy and social cognition, reinforces the utility of schizotypy in refining our understanding of the variation in the degree of social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. In conclusion, this study substantiates the importance of understanding the relationship between social cognition and schizotypy. This could support and pave the way for the development and implementation of targeted social cognitive interventions catered to the patients’ level of deficit.

scholarly journals Modeling brain dynamics in brain tumor patients using The Virtual Brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Aerts ◽  
Michael Schirner ◽  
Ben Jeurissen ◽  
Dirk Van Roost ◽  
Rik Achten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Structural Network ◽  
Optimized Model

AbstractPresurgical planning for brain tumor resection aims at delineating eloquent tissue in the vicinity of the lesion to spare during surgery. To this end, non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging fiber tracking are currently employed. However, taking into account this information is often still insufficient, as the complex non-linear dynamics of the brain impede straightforward prediction of functional outcome after surgical intervention. Large-scale brain network modeling carries the potential to bridge this gap by integrating neuroimaging data with biophysically based models to predict collective brain dynamics.As a first step in this direction, an appropriate computational model has to be selected, after which suitable model parameter values have to be determined. To this end, we simulated large-scale brain dynamics in 25 human brain tumor patients and 11 human control participants using The Virtual Brain, an open-source neuroinformatics platform. Local and global model parameters of the Reduced Wong-Wang model were individually optimized and compared between brain tumor patients and control subjects. In addition, the relationship between model parameters and structural network topology and cognitive performance was assessed.Results showed (1) significantly improved prediction accuracy of individual functional connectivity when using individually optimized model parameters; (2) local model parameters can differentiate between regions directly affected by a tumor, regions distant from a tumor, and regions in a healthy brain; and (3) interesting associations between individually optimized model parameters and structural network topology and cognitive performance.

Joint effects of gray matter atrophy and altered functional connectivity on cognitive deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xie ◽  
F. Bai ◽  
B. Yuan ◽  
H. Yu ◽  
Y. Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis

BackgroundGray matter (GM) atrophy and disrupted intrinsic functional connectivity (IFC) are often present in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which shows high risk of developing into Alzheimer's disease. Little is known, however, about the relationship between GM atrophy and altered IFC, and whether they are related to cognitive decline.MethodA total of 30 aMCI and 26 cognitively normal (CN) subjects were recruited for this study. Optimized voxel-based morphometric and resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging approaches were performed to measure the GM volumes (GMVs) and atrophy-related IFC, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of GM atrophy and IFC on cognitive performance across subjects, after controlling for the effects of age, education, gender and group.ResultsCompared with CN subjects, aMCI subjects showed significantly reduced GMVs and decreased IFC in the frontal-parietal and medial temporal lobe systems. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the GMVs and decreased IFC simultaneously affected the cognitive function. Specifically, GMVs were positively correlated with cognitive performances, including global cognition and episodic memory, and showed a strong trend in correlation between GMVs and non-episodic memory, whilst IFC was positively correlated with the above three cognitive measures, across all subjects. In addition, significant correlation was found between GMVs and altered IFC strength across all subjects.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that GMVs and IFC jointly contribute to cognitive performance, and combining quantitative information about GMVs and the strength of functional connectivity may serve as an indicator of cognitive deficits in non-demented elderly.

scholarly journals Modafinil modulates anterior cingulate function in chronic schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. Spence ◽  
Russell D. Green ◽  
Iain D. Wilkinson ◽  
Mike D. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Double Blind

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with widespread cognitive deficits that have an impact on social function. Modafinil promotes wakefulness and is reported to enhance cognition.AimsTo study the acute effects of modafinil administration upon brain activity and cognitive performance in people with chronic schizophrenia.MethodIn a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, 19 patients received either modafinil (100 mg) or placebo prior to undertaking a working memory task with functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSeventeen patients completed the study and another underwent acute relapse 4 days post-drug. Modafinil administration was associated with significantly greater activation in the anterior cingulate cortex during the working memory task. The anterior cingulate cortex signal correlated with cognitive performance, although only a subset of patients exhibited ‘enhancement’.ConclusionsModafinil modulates anterior cingulate cortex function in chronic schizophrenia but its beneficial cognitive effects may be restricted to a subset of patients requiring further characterisation.

Treatment-related changes in functional connectivity in brain tumor patients: A magnetoencephalography study

2008 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Douw ◽  
Hans Baayen ◽  
Ingeborg Bosma ◽  
Martin Klein ◽  
Peter Vandertop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Tumor Patients

scholarly journals Salvage Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumor Patients in Compliance with Emergency and Compassionate Use: Evaluation of 34 Cases in Taiwan

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Chen ◽  
Yi-Yen Lee ◽  
Chun-Fu Lin ◽  
Po-Shen Pan ◽  
Jen-Kun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Stage

Although boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising treatment option for malignant brain tumors, the optimal BNCT parameters for patients with immediately life-threatening, end-stage brain tumors remain unclear. We performed BNCT on 34 patients with life-threatening, end-stage brain tumors and analyzed the relationship between survival outcomes and BNCT parameters. Before BNCT, MRI and 18F-BPA-PET analyses were conducted to identify the tumor location/distribution and the tumor-to-normal tissue uptake ratio (T/N ratio) of 18F-BPA. No severe adverse events were observed (grade ≥ 3). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 50.0% and 85.3%, respectively. The mean overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) times were 7.25, 7.80, and 4.18 months, respectively. Remarkably, the mean OS, CSS, and RFS of patients who achieved a complete response were 17.66, 22.5, and 7.50 months, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis identified the optimal BNCT parameters and tumor characteristics of these patients, including a T/N ratio ≥ 4, tumor volume < 20 mL, mean tumor dose ≥ 25 Gy-E, MIB-1 ≤ 40, and a lower recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class. In conclusion, for malignant brain tumor patients who have exhausted all available treatment options and who are in an immediately life-threatening condition, BNCT may be considered as a therapeutic approach to prolong survival.

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